Benchmark Assignment: Part B Literature Review

Benchmark Assignment: Part B Literature Review

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: Benchmark Assignment: Part B Literature Review

Title: Benchmark Assignment: Part B Literature Review

Benchmark Assignment  Part B Literature Review

Introduction

The prevalence of childhood obesity continues to raise a serious public health concern. The development of the condition is significantly influenced by poor parental practices as parents tend to give their children inappropriate food, which eventually puts them at high risk of developing childhood obesity. The prevalence of obesity among the children is higher among the minority ethnic groups including the African Americans and Latino Americans. According to the federal government statistics, the prevalence of childhood obesity among the Latino American children is 25.8% and this is slightly higher than the rate recorded for the African American children (“State of Childhood Obesity”, n.d.). Therefore, exploring effective measures to address and reduce childhood obesity among the Latin Americans is significantly essential.

Methodology

The study involves literature review where a total of five articles were reviewed. The selection of the articles was based on their relevance to the research topic. Several databases such as CINHAL, NCBI, Sage, PubMed among others were employed to get these articles. During the search process for pertinent articles, key search words included ‘pediatric obesity, childhood obesity, Culturally Tailored, Family Centered and Behavioral Interventions.’ A total of 25 articles were retrieved in the initial search; this was filtered to 5 articles based on the clinical research appraisal guidelines.

Literature Review

The study conducted by Falbe, Cadiz, Tantoco, Thompson, and Madsen (2015) explored the effectiveness of culturally tailored obesity interventions among Latino children. The study involved testing the impact of the family-centered culturally tailored obesity on the body mass index as well as determining the cardiovascular risks among the Latino children. A randomized control trial study design was utilized whereby a population of 55 parent-child dyads was given an active and healthy family or the contemporary care waits for the list-control condition. The selection of the dyads was based on their ability to speak Spanish and provided that they took care of children aged between 5 and 12 years. The active and healthy families’ interventions were given for 10 weeks. The results indicated that children receiving the AHF intervention recorded a significant reduction in the BMI and also exhibited a relative improvement compared to the control in terms of blood pressure, triglycerides level and fasting blood measures. Falbe et al. (2015) concluded that AHF interventions were more effective in the management and prevention of childhood obesity among Latino children. However, there is a need to explore further the mechanisms involved in the health improvement under the interventions. The findings from the study are relevant in exploring the PICOT in the current study. AHF is among the family interventions that have been proposed in the current study that could help reduce body mass index.

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Further, Smith et al., (2018) explored the impact of the family-centered intervention for pediatric obesity in the primary care setting. Pediatric obesity is a major public health concern that is associated with early mortality, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Slight

changes in the dietary intake, body mass index (BMI) and physical activities can significantly reduce the risks associated with the development of cardiovascular conditions. According to the study, family-based behavioral interventions have been underutilized in the management and prevention of obesity among children. The study employed a randomized control trial where the effectiveness of the Family Check-Up 4 Health programs were evaluated. A total of 350 families with children aged between 6 and 12 years were recruited in the study. The children were identified as overweight; though, the criteria used in identifying the overweight children are not well defined and this can be improved in the future studies. The population characterized by multi-ethnic groups including the Latinos, African Americans, and the American Indians.

Findings from the study are important and effective in the implementation of programs that prevent excess weight gain and thus relevant in this study. Smith et al. (2018) concluded that the FCU4Health program was effective in helping reduce childhood obesity. The purpose of the current study is to explore and develop effective evidence-based approaches that can be used to manage and reduce the incidences of childhood obesity among Latino children. In as much as there are existing approaches used in the prevention of childhood obesity, developing superior measures would be more beneficial and effective in reducing the incidences of childhood obesity and the associated burden (Smith et al., 2018). Primary care is promising in enhancing the parenting behaviors associated with children’s health. Considering that children spent most of their time with the parents and only interact with the healthcare providers occasionally, employing the family-based interventions is more effective in promoting the beneficial outcomes and preventing the development of obesity. The Family Check-Up 4 Health is an enhancement from the conventional family check-up interventions (Smith et al., 2018). However, the study was limited on the check-up; though, various factors are likely to trigger the development and progression of childhood obesity and thus should be factored in the future studies.

According to Barkin et al. (2018), behavioral-based interventions are essential in reducing the BMI trajectories among the Latino pres-school aged children. A randomized clinical trial was employed in exploring the role of behavioral control programs in reducing obesity among the underserved Latin American children (Barkin et al., 2018). A multi-component behavioral intervention was developed and the growth trajectories of the children monitored among children aged between 3 and 5 years in a 36 months’ program. In the clinical trial, a total sample population of 610 patient-child pair was used from the Latino and other underserved communities. The enrollment into the program took place between August 2012 and May 2014 with the follow-up running up to June 2017. The intervention in the study involved a 36-month family-based and community-centered program characterized by 12 weekly sessions of skill building and then 9 months of coaching and telephone calls. The main outcome measure in the study was the BMI trajectory over 36 months. The study findings indicated that the intervention was effective in lowering the mean caloric intake and thus would significantly reduce the risk of developing obesity (Barkin et al., 2018).  However, there was no conclusive reporting on whether the multi-component behavioral intervention changed the BMI trajectory or not; therefore, this would require further research to come up with a conclusive answer to the question (Barkin et al., 2018). The findings from the study form the baseline and background for exploring the role of Culturally Tailored, Family Centered Behavioral Intervention in preventing obesity among Latin American children. Childhood obesity is mainly associated with poor dietary intake. Therefore, teaching parents on the best feeding habits would help save their children from obesity and other nutritionally-related diseases and disorders.

While obesity impacts all ethnic groups, the Latinos and African American are the most affected groups. Therefore, the study conducted by Suarez-Balcazar, Friesema, and Lukyanova (2014) explored the evidence in the cultural competent measures in addressing and preventing obesity among the pediatrics. The study focused on mixed ethnic groups; though, the current study aims at addressing childhood obesity among the Latino American populations only. The study involved a literature review where over 80 articles describing the successful interventions were reviewed. Furthermore, the study highlighted that obesity interventions are complex and require a lot of strategies. In reducing childhood obesity, measures should be developed to promote healthy eating and regular physical exercises among the children. The study emphasized on the importance of cultural-competency as a major strategy that can be adapted to reduce childhood obesity. The study findings provide useful insights that will guide the scope of the current study in exploring the study problem. The incidences of childhood obesity are alarming and thus urgent and effective interventions are needed to address the public health concern.

In addition, the study conducted by Volger, Radler, and Rothpletz-Puglia (2018) explored the rate of obesity among the pre-school children and how developed family and cultural-based interventions would be used to reduce them. The study involved a scoping review conducted according to the Askey and O’Malley’s framework in providing an overview of the types and cost-effectiveness of the prevention measures. A total of 34 studies were reviewed; this was too small to provide reliable findings that can be inferred to the general population. The findings indicated that interventions targeting behavioral change and interpersonal health-level were effective in reducing the rates of childhood obesity among the targeted populations.

Comparison, Limitations and Controversies

The findings from the study conducted by Barkin et al. (2018) and Volger, Radler, and Rothpletz-Puglia (2018) showed a positive correlation between the adoption of Culturally Tailored, Family Centered Behavioral Intervention and childhood obesity prevention and this corroborates the findings in the other studies reviewed in this case. However, the study time-frame for each case differed significantly with some taking up to 36 months while others even taking a shorter time. For example, the study conducted by Barkin et al. (2018) involved 36 months of follow-up while Falbe, Cadiz, Tantoco, Thompson, and Madsen, (2015) only took 10 weeks. The other studies employed a different approach which was literature review; this means that their findings are based on what have already been studied among different population groups. The sample population employed in the study by Smith et al., (2018) was significantly large to provide reliable findings. On the other hand, the other studies reviewed in this analysis employed a limited sample population and this could increase the bias in the study findings.

Areas of Further Study

In the current study, a large population sample will be recruited to enhance the credibility of the findings and answer to the research question. In as much as the studies explored the role of Culturally Tailored, Family Centered and Behavioral Intervention in prevention of childhood obesity, genetic implications in mediating the outcomes have not been addressed and thus should be considered in the further studies. Also, there is need to develop effective intervention that would yield desirable outcomes within a short period. The current study aims at exploring the role of the interventions in reducing childhood obesity among the Latin American children within a period of six months. By building on the already existing studies, the current findings will be reliable and can be used to develop recommendations for addressing the issue.

Sample Answer for Benchmark Assignment: Part B Literature Review Included

For assignments that need to be submitted to Lopes Write, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.

Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.

Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?

Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.

Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.

If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.

I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.

As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.

Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.

Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• Student paper example
• Citing Sources
• The Writing Center is a great resource