Assignment: Benign Positional Vertigo and Meniere’s Disease

Assignment: Benign Positional Vertigo and Meniere’s Disease

Assignment Benign Positional Vertigo and Meniere’s Disease

Dizziness refers to a range of sensations like feeling unsteady, weak, woozy or faint. Dizziness linked to a false sense that the surroundings are moving or spinning is called vertigo. Two diseases that present with vertigo are Meniere’s disease and Benign Positional Vertigo (Luryi et al., 2018). The purpose of this paper is to compare the two diseases in terms of presentation, pathophysiology, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment.

In terms of presentation, benign positional vertigo presents with a sense of disequilibrium where one feels “drunk” without taking alcohol. The dizzy spell lasts for approximately one or two minutes and it is linked to positional change (Mandalàà et al., 2019). The disease may occur as a visually induced vertigo where dizziness is triggered by bright lights, reading a book, people moving around or looking at a computer. Meniere’s disease also has vestibular symptoms like vertigo, “drop attacks”, disequilibrium and positional vertigo; however, it also presents with deafness, tinnitus, pressure, and loudness intolerance from the cochlea (Luryi et al., 2018).

The two diseases have varying pathophysiology. Benign positional vertigo occurs when otoconia dislodge and settle within the endolymph of the semicircular canals (Mandalàà et al., 2019). Any movement causes the otoconia to shift within the fluid resulting in an unbalanced stimulus which presents as swaying, spinning or dizziness. However, when static, no stimulus occurs which makes symptoms of benign position vertigo worse with movement and less with rest. For Meniere’s disease, there is a distortion of the membranous labyrinth due to the over-accumulation of endolymph (Nakashima et al., 2016). A thin membrane separates the fluids that fill the chambers of the inner ear and it houses the neural apparatus of balance and haring. Over-accumulation of endolymph results in pressure fluctuations that strain the nerve-rich membrane resulting in tinnitus, hearing disturbance, pressure sensation, imbalance, and vertigo.

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For assessment and diagnosis, there is a need for physical exams and additional tests for the two diseases. In benign positional vertigo, the physical tests help in determining the cause of dizziness. The doctor assesses whether the dizziness prompted by the head and eye

movements decrease within one or two minutes (Imai et al., 2017). The assessment also looks at specific eye movements seen when one lies on their back with their head turned on one side, involuntary movements of eyes from side to side and inability to control eye movements. Meniere’s disease, on the other hand, assesses whether the patient has at least two episodes of vertigo that last for 20 minutes or more but not for more than 12 hours (Magnan et al., 2018). One also assesses hearing loss using a hearing test, tinnitus, and other tests to exclude other known cause of the problem. A balance test is also executed because one may present with ongoing balance problems.

Additional tests in benign positional vertigo are used when one cannot determine the signs and symptoms while in Meniere’s disease they are used to assess the functioning of the inner ear. Benign position vertigo uses Electronystagmography (ENG) or videonystagmography (VNG) to look at abnormal eye movement as well as an MRI to rule out possible causes of vertigo (Imai et al., 2017). Meniere disease also has VNG to assess balance function in addition to rotary-chair testing, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials testing, posturography, video head impulse test and electrocochleography (Magnan et al., 2018). There is also a need to execute blood tests and an MRI to rule out multiple sclerosis and tumors.

Treatment wise, benign positional vertigo is managed using Epley maneuver, which entails moving the head in various positions to force the dislodged crystals out of the semicircular canal (Mandalàà et al., 2019). Meniere disease, on the other hand, requires one to reduce salt intake to minimize fluid retention in the inner ear. Antibiotics or steroids help in handling inflammation as well as diuretics and anti-vertigo drugs (Magnan et al., 2018). In case of any hearing loss, a hearing aid is provided for the affected ear.

In conclusion, for patients suffering from dizziness or vertigo, it is essential to see a primary care physician or request a referral to an ear, nose and throat specialist. The specialist will evaluate the presence of benign positional vertigo and Meniere’s disease and treat accordingly. Mental health help may also be necessary to manage balance disorder and anxiety caused by dizziness.

Week 1: Compare and Contrast Assignment
Benign Positional Vertigo and Meniere\’s Disease
A comparison and contrast assignment is not about listing the info regarding each disease separately but rather looking at each disease side by side and discussing the similarities and differences given the categories below.
1. Consider how each patient would actually present to the office. Paint a picture of how that patient would look, act, what story they would tell. Consider how their history would affect their diagnosis, etc. Evaluation of mastery is focused on the student\’s ability to demonstrate specific understanding of how the diagnoses differ and relate to one another
2.  Address the following topics below in your own words:
•
o Presentation
o Pathophysiology
o Assessment
o Diagnosis
o Treatment

For assignments that need to be submitted to Lopes Write, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.

Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.

Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?

Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.

Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.

If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.

I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.

As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.

Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

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Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• Student paper example
• Citing Sources
• The Writing Center is a great resource