Sample Answer for NUR 590 Benchmark EBP Project PICOT Paper Essay Included After Question<\/strong><\/h2>\nDescription:<\/h2>\n
Refer to the PICOT you developed for your evidence-based practice<\/a> project proposal. If your PICOT required revision, include those revisions in this assignment. You will use your PICOT paper for all subsequent assignments you develop as part of your evidence-based practice project proposal in this course and in NUR-590, during which you will synthesize all of the sections into a final written paper detailing your evidence-based practice project proposal.<\/p>\nWrite a 750-1,000-word paper that describes your PICOT.<\/p>\n
\n- Describe the population’s demographics and health concerns.
\n2. Describe the proposed evidence-based intervention and explain how your proposed intervention incorporates health policies<\/a> and goals that support health care equity for the population of focus.
\n3. Compare your intervention to previous practice or research.4. Explain what the expected outcome is for the intervention.
\n5. Describe the time for implementing the intervention and evaluating the outcome.
\n6. Explain how nursing science, social determinants of health, and epidemiologic, genomic, and genetic data are applied or synthesized to support population health management for the selected population.
\n7. Create an Appendix for your paper and attach the PICOT. Be sure to review feedback from your previous submission and revise your PICOT accordingly.
\n8. Complete the “APA Writing Checklist” to ensure that your paper adheres to APA style and formatting criteria and general guidelines for academic writing. Include the completed checklist as the final appendix at the end of your paper.<\/p>\n![\"NUR](\"http:\/\/nursingassignmentcrackers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/NUR-590-Benchmark-EBP-Project-PICOT-Paper-Essay-1-300x105.png\")
NUR 590 Benchmark EBP Project PICOT Paper Essay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<\/ol>\nClick here to ORDER an A++ paper from our Verified MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS: NUR 590 Benchmark EBP Project PICOT Paper Essay<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\nRefer to the “Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal \u2013 Assignment Overview” document for an overview of the evidence-based<\/p>\n
practice project proposal assignments.<\/p>\n
You are required to cite at least four to six peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.<\/p>\n
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.<\/p>\n
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.<\/p>\n
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.<\/p>\n
Benchmark Information<\/h2>\nThis benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies:<\/h4>\n
BA-MSN; MSN-Nursing Education; MSN Acute Care Nurse Practitioner-Adult-Gerontology; MSN Family Nurse Practitioner; MSN-Health Informatics; MSN-Health Care Quality and Patient Safety; MSN-Leadership in Health Care Systems; MSN-Public Health Nursing<\/p>\n
MS Nursing: Public Health MS Nursing: Education
\nMS Nursing: Acute Care Nurse Practitioner MS Nursing: Family Nurse Practitioner
\nMS Nursing: Health Care Quality and Patient Safety<\/p>\n
4.1: Synthesize nursing science, determinants of health, and epidemiologic, genomic, and genetic data in the management of population health.<\/p>\n
Lopes Write Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\nFor assignments that need to be submitted to Lopes Write, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a \u201cfinal submit\u201d to me.<\/p>\n
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.<\/p>\n
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else\u2019s thoughts more than your own?<\/p>\n
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.<\/p>\n
Late Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\nThe university\u2019s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.<\/p>\n
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.<\/p>\n
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.<\/p>\n
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.<\/p>\n
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.<\/p>\n
Communication<\/strong><\/h2>\nCommunication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:<\/p>\n
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.<\/p>\n
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.<\/p>\n
Important information for writing discussion questions and participation<\/strong><\/h2>\nWelcome to class<\/strong><\/h3>\nHello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the \u201cmessage\u201d icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to<\/p>\n
I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.<\/p>\n
Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.<\/p>\n
If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.<\/p>\n
Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.<\/p>\n
Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.<\/p>\n
I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God\u2019s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!<\/p>\n
Hi Class,<\/p>\n
Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.<\/p>\n
Contact me if you have any questions.<\/p>\n
Important information on Writing a Discussion Question<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Your response needs to be\u00a0a minimum\u00a0of 150 words (not including your list of references)<\/li>\n
- There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.<\/li>\n
- Include in-text citations in your response<\/li>\n
- Do not include quotes\u2014instead summarize and paraphrase the information<\/li>\n
- Follow APA-7th edition<\/li>\n
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Participation \u2013replies to your classmates or instructor<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.<\/li>\n
- Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations\u2014best if it is a peer reviewed journal article<\/li>\n
- Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)<\/li>\n
- Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of \u201cI agree\u201d or \u201cgreat post\u201d does not count for the word count.<\/li>\n
- Follow APA 7th edition<\/li>\n
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed<\/li>\n
- Remember to use and follow APA-7th\u00a0edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.<\/li>\n
- Here are some helpful links<\/li>\n
- Student paper example<\/a><\/li>\n
- Citing Sources<\/a><\/li>\n
- The\u00a0Writing Center\u00a0<\/a>is a great resource<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NUR 590 Benchmark EBP Project PICOT Paper Essay<\/strong><\/h2>\nTitle: NUR 590 Benchmark EBP Project PICOT Paper Essay<\/strong><\/h2>\nEvidence-Based Practice Project<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\nAbstract\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\nFundamentally, the focus of this project is evidence-based practice (EBP). In many instances, EBP is characterized by the potential of patient-centered care provision, cost effectiveness of care, and improved expertise of the health care providers. Due to these benefits, EBP is associated with the highest quality of care and positive patient outcomes. In particular, the focus of EBP in this project is the comparison of the best intervention between the use of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in reduction of incidences of mortalities caused by end-stage renal diseases.\u00a0 Before the initiation of the project, the organizational readiness to embrace the project was determined. Based on the evaluation, the organization showed moderate preparedness for the integration of evidence-based practice in the organization. The proposed solution for determining the best intervention between hemodialysis treatment and peritoneal dialysis treatment was determined through a retrospective study. The Trans-Theoretical Model of behavioral change was utilized to facilitate the adoption of change in the organization. This model helped in facilitating the communication with stakeholders since provides information in a manner that prompts individuals to make decisions to change their behaviors. Consequently, an implementation plan was developed. The project allocated a period of nine months for patients follow-up to determine the clinical outcomes. Specifying the timeframe also helped in defining resources needed for the implementation of the project.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/span>Section A: Organizational Culture and Readiness Assessment<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\nThe survey tool that was used in this research was obtained from the book authored by <\/span>Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt (2011).<\/span> The tool provides insights into the readiness of an organization in integrating evidence-based practice into its systems. It consists of 19 survey questions that explore various organizational issues that are critical for successful integration of evidence-based practice. The questions are rated from one to five. The lowest rate represents none at all response while the highest rate represents very much response. The score for my survey was 75%, which shows that there is moderate preparedness for the integration of evidence-based practice in the organization. The highest survey scores included those of the questions that focused on whether the mission reflects evidence-based practice, commitment of the nursing staff to evidence-based practice, and championing level of the healthcare providers. The survey questions with the lowest scores included those concerning the readiness of the physicians and availability of fiscal resources to support evidence-based practice. The overall survey result shows that evidence-based practice can be successfully introduced in the firm. The success can be seen in its current practices that align with the requirements of successful integration of evidence-based practice in an organization.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nThere exist possible barriers that might hinder the adoption of evidence-based practice in our organization. One of them is the low level of commitment from the physicians towards the adoption of evidence-based practice. Efforts need to be embraced to ensure that all the healthcare providers support to use of evidence-based practice in the provision of healthcare. The other potential barrier is the limited fiscal resources needed to support evidence-based practice in the organization. Healthcare organizations are supposed to support the adoption of evidence-based practice in their settings. The support could be in the form of providing learning materials and organizing training for the healthcare providers. This challenge can be addressed by raising the level of awareness of the management and leadership of the organization on the importance of evidence-based practice.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nSection B: Proposal\/Problem Statement and Literature Review<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\nBackground of the Topic<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\nEnd stage renal disease is one of the health problems that affect a significant proportion of the world\u2019s population. It is estimated that 750, 000 patients are diagnosed with end stage renal disease in the US on an annual basis. About 2 million people are also affected by the disease globally (University of California San Francisco, n.d.). The World Health Organization reports that about 1.2 million people lost their lives to end stage renal disease in 2015. The rate represented an increase by 32% when compared to the statistics of the year 2005. Globally, approximately 5-10 million people die annually due to chronic diseases of the kidney (<\/span>Luyckx, Tonelli,&Stanifer, 2018<\/span>). The prevalence of end-stage kidney disease is high in women than in men. There is disproportionate prevalence of the disease across races. For instance, it is more common in individuals with non-Hispanic blacks when compare to non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asians (CDC, 2019).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nEnd stage renal disease is characterized by the loss of kidney function and represents glomerular filtration rate below 13 ml\/min (<\/span>Bujang<\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., 2017<\/span>). The disease is associated with risk factors that include diabetes, infections such as HIV\/AIDS, malaria, and hypertension (<\/span>Luyckx<\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., 2018<\/span>). The management of end-stage renal disease relies mainly on the use of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. These methods of management are effective in preventing mortalities caused by uremia. The selection of a method of treatment depends on a wide range of factors such as patient\u2019s preferences, logistical considerations of the existing treatment facilities, comorbidities, and timing or acuity of uremia (<\/span>Zhou <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., 2019<\/span>).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nThe duration of survival and mortality rates among end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis has been an issue of concern to patients and healthcare providers. Controversy exists as to whether there is survival advantage between peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis (<\/span>Xue<\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., 2019<\/span>). The findings reported in observational studies on the survival rates between the two treatment approaches have been inconsistent. Some observational studies have shown that there is an initial survival advantage with the use of peritoneal dialysis within the first 2 years of diagnosis with end stage renal disease. The mortality risk increases significantly after this period. Other studies have shown the lack of clear mortality between the two treatments, thereby, attributing the mortalities to residual confounding factors (<\/span>Zhou <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., 2019<\/span>).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nStudies conducted in the past can provide insights into the mortalities associated with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in patients suffering from end-stage renal disease. A meta-analysis conducted by <\/span>Xue<\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>. (2019) <\/span>showed that there was no statistical difference in mortalities in end-stage kidney disease patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Instead, the analysis revealed that the benefits of these treatment methods outweigh their potential risks. The study by <\/span>Yang <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>. (2015) <\/span>revealed that hemodialysis was associated with better survival results when compared to those started in hemodialysis. However, there was no significant difference in mortalities reported among young as well as healthier patients. The findings reported by these scholars cannot be relied upon wholly as the research was confounded by selection bias. A study by <\/span>Wong <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., (2018) <\/span>showed that there were no differences in mortalities among patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.\u00a0 <\/span>Rufino<\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>. (2011) <\/span>argue that while peritoneal dialysis might be associated with better survival outcomes, its beneficial effects are short-lived and cannot be the basis for its adoption over hemodialysis. Therefore, it makes it evident that further studies exploring the mortalities associated with these treatment modalities are conducted, hence, the need for this proposed research.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nPICOT<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\nThe PICOT question for this research is; In patients with chronic kidney disease, will the use of hemodialysis as compared to peritoneal dialysis reduce incidences of mortalities caused by end-stage renal diseases within a period of 9 months?\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nPurpose of the Project and Significance to Nursing<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\nThe purpose of this proposed project is to investigate whether the use of hemodialysis will result in incidence of mortalities caused by end stage renal disease within nine months when compared to the use of peritoneal dialysis. On the other hand, the use of evidence-based practice data has gained significant need in the modern practice of nursing. As a result, this project will act as a source of evidence-based data on the effectiveness of the two treatment approaches in end stage renal disease. The proposal will raise the level of knowledge among the nurses on the type of management that is appropriate to the patients with end stage renal disease they serve on a regular basis. The research will also inform policy changes in healthcare organizations. The results might shift the focus of management of end stage renal disease in the institution. Lastly, it can stimulate more researches into the topic among the nurses. The results of the study might act as a basis for future researches conducted by the nurses to explore the survival benefits between the two treatment methods of end stage renal disease.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nSection C: Solution Description\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\nProposed Solution<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\nThe PICOT question for this research is; In patients with chronic kidney disease, will the use of hemodialysis as compared to peritoneal dialysis reduce incidences of mortalities cause by end stage renal disease within a period of 9 months? Therefore, the proposed intervention for this research would be a retrospective study that will be conducted in our unit. Patients suffering from end-stage renal failure will be assigned to either hemodialysis treatment or peritoneal dialysis treatment. The participants will then be followed for a period of nine months to determine the clinical outcomes. The outcome of focus would be the mortality rate reported in the two groups of patients.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nThe above-proposed solution aligns with previous studies conducted on the topic. <\/span>Wang <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>. (2018) <\/span>conducted a study to compare the survival rate between patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in the era of icodextrin treatment. The outcomes showed that icodextrin has the ability of attenuating the survival advantage among patients on peritoneal dialysis unlike in hemodialysis. Another study by <\/span>Zhou <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., (2019)<\/span> compared early mortality rates among patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis who were transitioned with an optimal start at the outpatient clinic. The outcomes showed that there were no differences in early mortality rate among patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nGon\u00e7alves <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>. (<\/span>2015) also conducted a study that aimed at comparing the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease on either peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. The results showed that peritoneal dialysis was associated with better quality of life when compared to hemodialysis. Therefore, these studies show that the proposed intervention in this research can provide a better understanding of the topic.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/span>The intervention is realistic for our setting. It has a large number of patients seeking hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis care. Therefore, it is expected that an adequate number of participants will be obtained for the research. The adequacy will also imply that the conclusions that will be reached will support evidence-based practice in the management of end-stage renal disease.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nOrganizational Culture<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\nThe proposed solution is consistent with the culture and resources of our organization. <\/span>Vanderbloemen (2018)<\/span> has defined culture as the manner in which organizational tasks and decisions are undertaken. Our organization recognizes the fact that evidence-based practice is an important aspect that enhances the quality of care. As a result, it has invested its resources in initiatives that will promote evidence-based practice. This includes supporting studies that explore the use of different treatment approaches to case management in our institution. The healthcare providers are also trained on evidence-based practice. They constantly appraise evidence on the use of various clinical interventions to improve the health outcomes of their patients. Therefore, it is believed that the supportive culture in the organization will enhance the adoption of the proposed intervention.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nExpected Outcomes<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\nIt is expected that this proposed intervention will provide insight into the effectiveness of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in reducing the mortality rate among patients suffering from end-stage renal failure. The intervention will enable clinicians to determine the most effective treatment approach for these patients, with the aim of optimizing their health outcomes. Through this research, it is expected that the outcomes will agree or contradict with those reported in other studies. Therefore, it will inform the clinical practice in relation to the management of end-stage renal failure.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nMethod to Achieve the Outcomes<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\nThe participants in this study will be followed throughout the study period. Their response to the treatment will be examined using the symptoms and adverse reactions they report to the healthcare team. By the end of the study period, statistics on the survival rate among the patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis will be computed to provide insights into their efficacy and safety. Some of the barriers that might be experienced include low adherence to the prescribed treatment among the patients and their lack of willingness to utilize a treatment approach from the two methods. These barriers will be eliminated through active follow-up of the patients and informing them on the two treatment approaches for them to make informed decisions. One of the assumptions made in this intervention is that any mortality that will be reported during the study period will be due to complications of hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis alone.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nOutcome Impact<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\nThe results from this intervention will inform clinical practice. They will inform the decision on whether patients suffering from end-stage renal disease should be placed on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. The results will also form a basis of other studies into the topic as clinicians try to examine additional ways of optimizing the care given to patients suffering from end-stage renal disease. The intervention will also promote the provision of safe and quality care to these patients since the most effective treatment approach will be utilized in managing their conditions.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nSection D: Change Model<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\nSelected Model and its Applicability to My Project<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\nThe selected model for my evidence-based proposal is Trans-theoretical Model of behavioral change. Prochaska and DiClemente developed it in the 1970s. The model provides information on the manner in which individuals make decisions to change their behaviors. It assumes that behavioral change does not occur in a faster rate but continuously through incremental improvement of behaviors (<\/span>Glanz, Rimer & Viswanath, 2015<\/span>). This model is relevant to my project because it recognizes the fact that change occurs in a sequential process and not a drastic event. The introduction of my project requires sequential interventions in the organization. The staffs have to be made aware about the need for the change, behaviors that they should adopt, and ways of sustaining the desired success. Therefore, the increased focus of the model of stimulating behavior change among the adopters make it an important framework for my project as it mainly relies on the change in behavior among nurses working in the renal unit.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nSteps of Change in the Model<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\nAccording to the theory, behavioral change occurs in a series of steps. They include precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Precontemplation is the first stage in the Trans-theoretical Model of behavioral change. In this stage, those to be affected by the change agent do not have any intentions to embrace actions in their near future. They do not perceive their behaviors as being problematic or having undesired consequences to them or others. Therefore, they underestimate any need for behavioral change in their organizations (<\/span>Sharma, 2017<\/span>). Contemplation is the second phase of the Trans-theoretical Model of behavioral change. The stage is characterized by people showing intentions to embrace healthy behaviors in their near future. They have recognized that their behaviors are problematic and have undesired outcomes to them and others (<\/span>Glanz <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., 2015)<\/span>. Despite this awareness, they are still ambivalent on the need to change their behaviors.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nPreparation is the third stage in the Trans-theoretical Model of behavioral change. The people are ready to embrace change within a period of one month in this stage. They begin exploring small incremental steps that will enable them to achieve their desired behavioral change. The main reason for embracing change interventions is that they perceive the change to have healthier outcomes in their lives. The fourth phase is action stage. This stage is characterized by people who have recently adopted change behaviors planning to sustain the behavior change. They modify their behaviors as a way of promoting continuous change and improvement in their healthy behaviors (<\/span>Sharma, 2017<\/span>). The fifth stage is maintenance stage. The adopters in this stage have sustained the desired behaviors for a period and are willing to continue with the behavioral change going further. They focus on adopting interventions that would prevent or reduce incidences of relapse of the earlier behaviors. The last stage in the model is termination. The people in this stage are characterized by lacking any desire to return to their previously held unhealthy behaviors. They strongly believe that they will not experience relapse of their unhealthy behaviors (<\/span>Glanz <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., 2015)<\/span>. Therefore, these people are ready to explore other ways in which extra benefits of the behavioral change can be achieved.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nApplication of Each Stage on Project Implementation<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
Write a 750-1,000-word paper that describes your PICOT.<\/p>\n
- \n
- Describe the population’s demographics and health concerns.
\n2. Describe the proposed evidence-based intervention and explain how your proposed intervention incorporates health policies<\/a> and goals that support health care equity for the population of focus.
\n3. Compare your intervention to previous practice or research.4. Explain what the expected outcome is for the intervention.
\n5. Describe the time for implementing the intervention and evaluating the outcome.
\n6. Explain how nursing science, social determinants of health, and epidemiologic, genomic, and genetic data are applied or synthesized to support population health management for the selected population.
\n7. Create an Appendix for your paper and attach the PICOT. Be sure to review feedback from your previous submission and revise your PICOT accordingly.
\n8. Complete the “APA Writing Checklist” to ensure that your paper adheres to APA style and formatting criteria and general guidelines for academic writing. Include the completed checklist as the final appendix at the end of your paper.<\/p>\nNUR 590 Benchmark EBP Project PICOT Paper Essay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our Verified MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS: NUR 590 Benchmark EBP Project PICOT Paper Essay<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n
Refer to the “Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal \u2013 Assignment Overview” document for an overview of the evidence-based<\/p>\n
practice project proposal assignments.<\/p>\n
You are required to cite at least four to six peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.<\/p>\n
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.<\/p>\n
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.<\/p>\n
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.<\/p>\n
Benchmark Information<\/h2>\n
This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies:<\/h4>\n
BA-MSN; MSN-Nursing Education; MSN Acute Care Nurse Practitioner-Adult-Gerontology; MSN Family Nurse Practitioner; MSN-Health Informatics; MSN-Health Care Quality and Patient Safety; MSN-Leadership in Health Care Systems; MSN-Public Health Nursing<\/p>\n
MS Nursing: Public Health MS Nursing: Education
\nMS Nursing: Acute Care Nurse Practitioner MS Nursing: Family Nurse Practitioner
\nMS Nursing: Health Care Quality and Patient Safety<\/p>\n4.1: Synthesize nursing science, determinants of health, and epidemiologic, genomic, and genetic data in the management of population health.<\/p>\n
Lopes Write Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n
For assignments that need to be submitted to Lopes Write, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a \u201cfinal submit\u201d to me.<\/p>\n
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.<\/p>\n
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else\u2019s thoughts more than your own?<\/p>\n
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.<\/p>\n
Late Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n
The university\u2019s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.<\/p>\n
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.<\/p>\n
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.<\/p>\n
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.<\/p>\n
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.<\/p>\n
Communication<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:<\/p>\n
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.<\/p>\n
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.<\/p>\n
Important information for writing discussion questions and participation<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Welcome to class<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the \u201cmessage\u201d icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to<\/p>\n
I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.<\/p>\n
Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.<\/p>\n
If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.<\/p>\n
Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.<\/p>\n
Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.<\/p>\n
I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God\u2019s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!<\/p>\n
Hi Class,<\/p>\n
Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.<\/p>\n
Contact me if you have any questions.<\/p>\n
Important information on Writing a Discussion Question<\/strong><\/h2>\n
- \n
- Your response needs to be\u00a0a minimum\u00a0of 150 words (not including your list of references)<\/li>\n
- There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.<\/li>\n
- Include in-text citations in your response<\/li>\n
- Do not include quotes\u2014instead summarize and paraphrase the information<\/li>\n
- Follow APA-7th edition<\/li>\n
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Participation \u2013replies to your classmates or instructor<\/strong><\/h2>\n
- \n
- A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.<\/li>\n
- Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations\u2014best if it is a peer reviewed journal article<\/li>\n
- Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)<\/li>\n
- Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of \u201cI agree\u201d or \u201cgreat post\u201d does not count for the word count.<\/li>\n
- Follow APA 7th edition<\/li>\n
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed<\/li>\n
- Remember to use and follow APA-7th\u00a0edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.<\/li>\n
- Here are some helpful links<\/li>\n
- Student paper example<\/a><\/li>\n
- Citing Sources<\/a><\/li>\n
- The\u00a0Writing Center\u00a0<\/a>is a great resource<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NUR 590 Benchmark EBP Project PICOT Paper Essay<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Title: NUR 590 Benchmark EBP Project PICOT Paper Essay<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Evidence-Based Practice Project<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
Abstract\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
Fundamentally, the focus of this project is evidence-based practice (EBP). In many instances, EBP is characterized by the potential of patient-centered care provision, cost effectiveness of care, and improved expertise of the health care providers. Due to these benefits, EBP is associated with the highest quality of care and positive patient outcomes. In particular, the focus of EBP in this project is the comparison of the best intervention between the use of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in reduction of incidences of mortalities caused by end-stage renal diseases.\u00a0 Before the initiation of the project, the organizational readiness to embrace the project was determined. Based on the evaluation, the organization showed moderate preparedness for the integration of evidence-based practice in the organization. The proposed solution for determining the best intervention between hemodialysis treatment and peritoneal dialysis treatment was determined through a retrospective study. The Trans-Theoretical Model of behavioral change was utilized to facilitate the adoption of change in the organization. This model helped in facilitating the communication with stakeholders since provides information in a manner that prompts individuals to make decisions to change their behaviors. Consequently, an implementation plan was developed. The project allocated a period of nine months for patients follow-up to determine the clinical outcomes. Specifying the timeframe also helped in defining resources needed for the implementation of the project.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>Section A: Organizational Culture and Readiness Assessment<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
The survey tool that was used in this research was obtained from the book authored by <\/span>Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt (2011).<\/span> The tool provides insights into the readiness of an organization in integrating evidence-based practice into its systems. It consists of 19 survey questions that explore various organizational issues that are critical for successful integration of evidence-based practice. The questions are rated from one to five. The lowest rate represents none at all response while the highest rate represents very much response. The score for my survey was 75%, which shows that there is moderate preparedness for the integration of evidence-based practice in the organization. The highest survey scores included those of the questions that focused on whether the mission reflects evidence-based practice, commitment of the nursing staff to evidence-based practice, and championing level of the healthcare providers. The survey questions with the lowest scores included those concerning the readiness of the physicians and availability of fiscal resources to support evidence-based practice. The overall survey result shows that evidence-based practice can be successfully introduced in the firm. The success can be seen in its current practices that align with the requirements of successful integration of evidence-based practice in an organization.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
There exist possible barriers that might hinder the adoption of evidence-based practice in our organization. One of them is the low level of commitment from the physicians towards the adoption of evidence-based practice. Efforts need to be embraced to ensure that all the healthcare providers support to use of evidence-based practice in the provision of healthcare. The other potential barrier is the limited fiscal resources needed to support evidence-based practice in the organization. Healthcare organizations are supposed to support the adoption of evidence-based practice in their settings. The support could be in the form of providing learning materials and organizing training for the healthcare providers. This challenge can be addressed by raising the level of awareness of the management and leadership of the organization on the importance of evidence-based practice.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Section B: Proposal\/Problem Statement and Literature Review<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
Background of the Topic<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
End stage renal disease is one of the health problems that affect a significant proportion of the world\u2019s population. It is estimated that 750, 000 patients are diagnosed with end stage renal disease in the US on an annual basis. About 2 million people are also affected by the disease globally (University of California San Francisco, n.d.). The World Health Organization reports that about 1.2 million people lost their lives to end stage renal disease in 2015. The rate represented an increase by 32% when compared to the statistics of the year 2005. Globally, approximately 5-10 million people die annually due to chronic diseases of the kidney (<\/span>Luyckx, Tonelli,&Stanifer, 2018<\/span>). The prevalence of end-stage kidney disease is high in women than in men. There is disproportionate prevalence of the disease across races. For instance, it is more common in individuals with non-Hispanic blacks when compare to non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Asians (CDC, 2019).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
End stage renal disease is characterized by the loss of kidney function and represents glomerular filtration rate below 13 ml\/min (<\/span>Bujang<\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., 2017<\/span>). The disease is associated with risk factors that include diabetes, infections such as HIV\/AIDS, malaria, and hypertension (<\/span>Luyckx<\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., 2018<\/span>). The management of end-stage renal disease relies mainly on the use of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. These methods of management are effective in preventing mortalities caused by uremia. The selection of a method of treatment depends on a wide range of factors such as patient\u2019s preferences, logistical considerations of the existing treatment facilities, comorbidities, and timing or acuity of uremia (<\/span>Zhou <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., 2019<\/span>).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
The duration of survival and mortality rates among end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis has been an issue of concern to patients and healthcare providers. Controversy exists as to whether there is survival advantage between peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis (<\/span>Xue<\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., 2019<\/span>). The findings reported in observational studies on the survival rates between the two treatment approaches have been inconsistent. Some observational studies have shown that there is an initial survival advantage with the use of peritoneal dialysis within the first 2 years of diagnosis with end stage renal disease. The mortality risk increases significantly after this period. Other studies have shown the lack of clear mortality between the two treatments, thereby, attributing the mortalities to residual confounding factors (<\/span>Zhou <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., 2019<\/span>).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Studies conducted in the past can provide insights into the mortalities associated with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in patients suffering from end-stage renal disease. A meta-analysis conducted by <\/span>Xue<\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>. (2019) <\/span>showed that there was no statistical difference in mortalities in end-stage kidney disease patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Instead, the analysis revealed that the benefits of these treatment methods outweigh their potential risks. The study by <\/span>Yang <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>. (2015) <\/span>revealed that hemodialysis was associated with better survival results when compared to those started in hemodialysis. However, there was no significant difference in mortalities reported among young as well as healthier patients. The findings reported by these scholars cannot be relied upon wholly as the research was confounded by selection bias. A study by <\/span>Wong <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., (2018) <\/span>showed that there were no differences in mortalities among patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.\u00a0 <\/span>Rufino<\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>. (2011) <\/span>argue that while peritoneal dialysis might be associated with better survival outcomes, its beneficial effects are short-lived and cannot be the basis for its adoption over hemodialysis. Therefore, it makes it evident that further studies exploring the mortalities associated with these treatment modalities are conducted, hence, the need for this proposed research.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
PICOT<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
The PICOT question for this research is; In patients with chronic kidney disease, will the use of hemodialysis as compared to peritoneal dialysis reduce incidences of mortalities caused by end-stage renal diseases within a period of 9 months?\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Purpose of the Project and Significance to Nursing<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
The purpose of this proposed project is to investigate whether the use of hemodialysis will result in incidence of mortalities caused by end stage renal disease within nine months when compared to the use of peritoneal dialysis. On the other hand, the use of evidence-based practice data has gained significant need in the modern practice of nursing. As a result, this project will act as a source of evidence-based data on the effectiveness of the two treatment approaches in end stage renal disease. The proposal will raise the level of knowledge among the nurses on the type of management that is appropriate to the patients with end stage renal disease they serve on a regular basis. The research will also inform policy changes in healthcare organizations. The results might shift the focus of management of end stage renal disease in the institution. Lastly, it can stimulate more researches into the topic among the nurses. The results of the study might act as a basis for future researches conducted by the nurses to explore the survival benefits between the two treatment methods of end stage renal disease.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Section C: Solution Description\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
Proposed Solution<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
The PICOT question for this research is; In patients with chronic kidney disease, will the use of hemodialysis as compared to peritoneal dialysis reduce incidences of mortalities cause by end stage renal disease within a period of 9 months? Therefore, the proposed intervention for this research would be a retrospective study that will be conducted in our unit. Patients suffering from end-stage renal failure will be assigned to either hemodialysis treatment or peritoneal dialysis treatment. The participants will then be followed for a period of nine months to determine the clinical outcomes. The outcome of focus would be the mortality rate reported in the two groups of patients.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
The above-proposed solution aligns with previous studies conducted on the topic. <\/span>Wang <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>. (2018) <\/span>conducted a study to compare the survival rate between patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in the era of icodextrin treatment. The outcomes showed that icodextrin has the ability of attenuating the survival advantage among patients on peritoneal dialysis unlike in hemodialysis. Another study by <\/span>Zhou <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., (2019)<\/span> compared early mortality rates among patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis who were transitioned with an optimal start at the outpatient clinic. The outcomes showed that there were no differences in early mortality rate among patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Gon\u00e7alves <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>. (<\/span>2015) also conducted a study that aimed at comparing the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease on either peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. The results showed that peritoneal dialysis was associated with better quality of life when compared to hemodialysis. Therefore, these studies show that the proposed intervention in this research can provide a better understanding of the topic.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>The intervention is realistic for our setting. It has a large number of patients seeking hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis care. Therefore, it is expected that an adequate number of participants will be obtained for the research. The adequacy will also imply that the conclusions that will be reached will support evidence-based practice in the management of end-stage renal disease.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Organizational Culture<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
The proposed solution is consistent with the culture and resources of our organization. <\/span>Vanderbloemen (2018)<\/span> has defined culture as the manner in which organizational tasks and decisions are undertaken. Our organization recognizes the fact that evidence-based practice is an important aspect that enhances the quality of care. As a result, it has invested its resources in initiatives that will promote evidence-based practice. This includes supporting studies that explore the use of different treatment approaches to case management in our institution. The healthcare providers are also trained on evidence-based practice. They constantly appraise evidence on the use of various clinical interventions to improve the health outcomes of their patients. Therefore, it is believed that the supportive culture in the organization will enhance the adoption of the proposed intervention.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Expected Outcomes<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
It is expected that this proposed intervention will provide insight into the effectiveness of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in reducing the mortality rate among patients suffering from end-stage renal failure. The intervention will enable clinicians to determine the most effective treatment approach for these patients, with the aim of optimizing their health outcomes. Through this research, it is expected that the outcomes will agree or contradict with those reported in other studies. Therefore, it will inform the clinical practice in relation to the management of end-stage renal failure.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Method to Achieve the Outcomes<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
The participants in this study will be followed throughout the study period. Their response to the treatment will be examined using the symptoms and adverse reactions they report to the healthcare team. By the end of the study period, statistics on the survival rate among the patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis will be computed to provide insights into their efficacy and safety. Some of the barriers that might be experienced include low adherence to the prescribed treatment among the patients and their lack of willingness to utilize a treatment approach from the two methods. These barriers will be eliminated through active follow-up of the patients and informing them on the two treatment approaches for them to make informed decisions. One of the assumptions made in this intervention is that any mortality that will be reported during the study period will be due to complications of hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis alone.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Outcome Impact<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
The results from this intervention will inform clinical practice. They will inform the decision on whether patients suffering from end-stage renal disease should be placed on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. The results will also form a basis of other studies into the topic as clinicians try to examine additional ways of optimizing the care given to patients suffering from end-stage renal disease. The intervention will also promote the provision of safe and quality care to these patients since the most effective treatment approach will be utilized in managing their conditions.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Section D: Change Model<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
Selected Model and its Applicability to My Project<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
The selected model for my evidence-based proposal is Trans-theoretical Model of behavioral change. Prochaska and DiClemente developed it in the 1970s. The model provides information on the manner in which individuals make decisions to change their behaviors. It assumes that behavioral change does not occur in a faster rate but continuously through incremental improvement of behaviors (<\/span>Glanz, Rimer & Viswanath, 2015<\/span>). This model is relevant to my project because it recognizes the fact that change occurs in a sequential process and not a drastic event. The introduction of my project requires sequential interventions in the organization. The staffs have to be made aware about the need for the change, behaviors that they should adopt, and ways of sustaining the desired success. Therefore, the increased focus of the model of stimulating behavior change among the adopters make it an important framework for my project as it mainly relies on the change in behavior among nurses working in the renal unit.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Steps of Change in the Model<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
According to the theory, behavioral change occurs in a series of steps. They include precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Precontemplation is the first stage in the Trans-theoretical Model of behavioral change. In this stage, those to be affected by the change agent do not have any intentions to embrace actions in their near future. They do not perceive their behaviors as being problematic or having undesired consequences to them or others. Therefore, they underestimate any need for behavioral change in their organizations (<\/span>Sharma, 2017<\/span>). Contemplation is the second phase of the Trans-theoretical Model of behavioral change. The stage is characterized by people showing intentions to embrace healthy behaviors in their near future. They have recognized that their behaviors are problematic and have undesired outcomes to them and others (<\/span>Glanz <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., 2015)<\/span>. Despite this awareness, they are still ambivalent on the need to change their behaviors.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Preparation is the third stage in the Trans-theoretical Model of behavioral change. The people are ready to embrace change within a period of one month in this stage. They begin exploring small incremental steps that will enable them to achieve their desired behavioral change. The main reason for embracing change interventions is that they perceive the change to have healthier outcomes in their lives. The fourth phase is action stage. This stage is characterized by people who have recently adopted change behaviors planning to sustain the behavior change. They modify their behaviors as a way of promoting continuous change and improvement in their healthy behaviors (<\/span>Sharma, 2017<\/span>). The fifth stage is maintenance stage. The adopters in this stage have sustained the desired behaviors for a period and are willing to continue with the behavioral change going further. They focus on adopting interventions that would prevent or reduce incidences of relapse of the earlier behaviors. The last stage in the model is termination. The people in this stage are characterized by lacking any desire to return to their previously held unhealthy behaviors. They strongly believe that they will not experience relapse of their unhealthy behaviors (<\/span>Glanz <\/span>et al<\/span><\/i>., 2015)<\/span>. Therefore, these people are ready to explore other ways in which extra benefits of the behavioral change can be achieved.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Application of Each Stage on Project Implementation<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
- Citing Sources<\/a><\/li>\n