{"id":72192,"date":"2023-04-28T07:51:10","date_gmt":"2023-04-28T07:51:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nursingassignmentcrackers.com\/?p=72192"},"modified":"2024-03-12T08:11:06","modified_gmt":"2024-03-12T08:11:06","slug":"nurs-6630-study-guide-for-medication-treatment-schizophrenia-spectrum-and-other-psychosis-disorders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nursingassignmentcrackers.com\/nurs-6630-study-guide-for-medication-treatment-schizophrenia-spectrum-and-other-psychosis-disorders\/","title":{"rendered":"NURS 6630 Study Guide for Medication Treatment Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychosis Disorders"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>Sample Answer for NURS 6630 Study Guide for Medication Treatment Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychosis Disorders Included After Question<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/nursingassignmentcrackers.com\/adhd-tourette-syndrome-paranoid-schizophrenia-essay\/\">Schizophrenia<\/a> and Related Disorders Alliance of America, approximately 3.5 million people in the United States are diagnosed with schizophrenia (n.d.), and it is one of the leading causes of disability. In practice, patients may present with delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, disorganized or abnormal motor behavior, as well as other negative symptoms that can be disabling for these individuals. Not only are these symptoms one of the most challenging symptom clusters you will encounter, many are associated with other disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder, and disorders on the schizophrenia spectrum. As a psychiatric nurse practitioner, you must understand the underlying neurobiology of these symptoms to select appropriate therapies and improve outcomes for patients.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This week, as you examine antipsychotic therapies, you explore the assessment and treatment of patients with psychosis and schizophrenia. You also consider ethical and legal implications of these therapies.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Reference:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Schizophrenia and Related Disorders Alliance of America. (n.d.).\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">About\u202f schizophrenia<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<a href=\"https:\/\/sardaa.org\/resources\/about-schizophrenia\/#:~:text=Quick%20Facts%20About%20Schizophrenia.%20Schizophrenia%20can%20be%20found,is%20one%20of%20the%20leading%20causes%20of%20disability\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/sardaa.org\/resources\/about-schizophrenia\/#:~:text=Quick%20Facts%20About%20Schizophrenia.%20Schizophrenia%20can%20be%20found,is%20one%20of%20the%20leading%20causes%20of%20disability<\/a><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Learning Objectives<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Students will:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"39\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Assess client factors and history to develop personalized therapy plans for patients with insomnia<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"39\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Analyze factors that influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in patients requiring therapy for insomnia<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"39\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Assess patient factors and history to develop personalized plans of antipsychotic therapy for patients<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"39\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Analyze factors that influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in patients requiring antipsychotic therapy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"39\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Synthesize knowledge of providing care to patients presenting for antipsychotic therapy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"39\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Analyze ethical and legal implications related to prescribing antipsychotic therapy to patients across the lifespan<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Learning Resources<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/class.content.laureate.net\/14884e77402afe219224c67c4f0463b3.html%22%20\/l%20%22section_container_1716881496-accordion-318\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Required Readings<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u202f(click to expand\/reduce)<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Freudenreich, O., Goff, D. C., &amp; Henderson, D. C. (2016). Antipsychotic drugs. In T. A. Stern, M. Favo, T. E. Wilens, &amp; J. F. Rosenbaum. (Eds.), <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Massachusetts General Hospital psychopharmacology and neurotherapeutics<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f(pp. 72\u201385). Elsevier.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/File%20Library\/Psychiatrists\/Practice\/Clinical%20Practice%20Guidelines\/APA-Draft-Schizophrenia-Treatment-Guideline.pdf%22%20\/o%20%22Practice%20guideline%20for%20the%20treatment%20of%20patients%20with%20schizophrenia.%20%22%20\/t%20%22_blank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">American Psychiatric Association. (2019). <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">. https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/File%20Library\/Psychiatrists\/Practice\/Clinical%20Practice%20Guidelines\/APA-Draft-Schizophrenia-Treatment-Guideline.pdf<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\ufffc<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clozapinerems.com\/CpmgClozapineUI\/rems\/pdf\/resources\/Clozapine_REMS_A_Guide_for_Healthcare_Providers.pdf%22%20\/o%20%22The%20single%20shared%20system%20for%20clozapine.%22%20\/t%20%22_blank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Clozapine REMS. (2015). <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Clozapine REMS: The single shared system for clozapine<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">. https:\/\/www.clozapinerems.com\/CpmgClozapineUI\/rems\/pdf\/resources\/Clozapine_REMS_A_Guide_for_Healthcare_Providers.pdf<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\ufffc<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/class.content.laureate.net\/bd9b9fef87b3c79fcae591467faeea45.pdf%22%20\/o%20%22American%20Psychiatric%20Association.%20%22%20\/t%20%22_blank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Funk, M. C., Beach, S. R., Bostwick, J. R., Celano, C. M., Hasnain, M., Pandurangi, A., Khandai, A., Taylor, A., Levenson, J. L., Riba, M., &amp; Kovacs, R. J. (2018). <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Resource document on QTc prolongation and psychotropic medications<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">. American Psychiatric Association. https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/File%20Library\/Psychiatrists\/Directories\/Library-and-Archive\/resource_documents\/Resource-Document-2018-QTc-Prolongation-and-Psychotropic-Med.pdf<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\ufffc<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/academic-oup-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org\/schizophreniabulletin\/article\/13\/2\/261\/1919795%22%20\/o%20%22Schizophrenia%20Bulletin%22%20\/t%20%22_blank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., &amp; Opler, L. A. (1987). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(2), 261\u2013276.\u202fhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\ufffc<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4388122\/%22%20\/o%20%22The%20pathophysiology%20of%20insomnia.%22%20\/t%20%22_blank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Levenson, J. C., Kay, D. B., &amp; Buysse, D. J. (2015). The pathophysiology of insomnia. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Chest, 147<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(4), 1179\u20131192. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4388122\/<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\ufffc<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jaacap.org\/article\/S0890-8567(09)62600-9\/pdf%22%20\/o%20%22%20Journal%20of%20the%20American%20Academy%20of%20Child%20and%20Adolescent%20Psychiatry%22%20\/t%20%22_blank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">McClellan, J. &amp; Stock. S. (2013). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with schizophrenia. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 52<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(9), 976\u2013990. https:\/\/www.jaacap.org\/article\/S0890-8567(09)62600-9\/pdf<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\ufffc<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/search-proquest-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org\/docview\/223229782\/fulltextPDF\/C1856C2BB38C4C71PQ\/2?accountid=14872%22%20\\o%20%22%20CNS%20Drugs%22%20\\t%20%22_blank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Naber, D., &amp; Lambert, M. (2009). The CATIE and CUtLASS studies in schizophrenia: Results and implications for clinicians. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">CNS Drugs, 23<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(8), 649\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00023210-200923080-00002<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NURS 6630 Study Guide for Medication Treatment Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychosis Disorders<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Title: NURS 6630 Study Guide for Medication Treatment Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychosis Disorders<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Antipsychotic agents, also called neuroleptic or major tranquilizers, are used primarily to treat schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is characterized primarily by a clear sensory but marked thinking disturbance. Second-generation\/ Atypical antipsychotics are widely used due to their broad spectrum of receptor activity since they affect Serotonin, dopamine, and GABA neurotransmitters (de Miranda et al., 2020). Besides, they are better at alleviating negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction than typical antipsychotics. The purpose of this assignment is to develop a study guide for an antipsychotic agent.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Drug Description<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Quetiapine, whose brand name goes by Seroquel, is used in treating schizophrenia. It is FDA-approved for treating schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, and <a href=\"https:\/\/nursingassignmentcrackers.com\/nurs-6630-therapy-for-patients-with-major-depressive-disorder-mdd\/\">major depressive disorder<\/a> (MDD) as an adjunctive treatment (de Miranda et al., 2020).<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Non-FDA uses<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The non-FDA uses of Seroquel include the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), Alcohol Dependence, and Insomnia.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>According to Ansara (2020), Seroquel exhibits efficacy in managing treatment-resistant-GAD as an adjunctive agent. In this case, smaller doses than those prescribed for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are usually needed for symptom improvement.<\/li>\n<li>Seroquel has been found to reduce alcohol consumption in heavy drinkers and has the potential for treatment for alcohol dependence, particularly among heavy drinkers (Vatsalya et al., 2020).<\/li>\n<li>Low doses of quetiapine are usually prescribed for insomnia, although this is a non-FDA use due to potential adverse effects like weight gain and akathisia (Boafo et al., 2020).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Drug classification<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Seroquel is an <a href=\"https:\/\/nursingassignmentcrackers.com\/nu-670-portfolio-antipsychotic-chart\/\">antipsychotic<\/a> under second-generation antipsychotics.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"203\"><strong>MOA<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"203\"><strong>Pharmacokinetics<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"203\"><strong>Pharmacodynamics<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"203\">An antagonist for D2 receptors and serotonin receptors.<\/td>\n<td width=\"203\"><strong>Absorption<\/strong>: Bioavailability: 100%<\/p>\n<p>Peak plasma time: Immediate release-1.5 hr; extended release-6 hrs<\/td>\n<td width=\"203\">Reduces the hallucinations and delusions associated with schizophrenia by blocking dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic system of the brain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"203\">Acts on dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors.<\/td>\n<td width=\"203\"><strong>Metabolism<\/strong>: Metabolized in the liver by CYP3A4<\/td>\n<td width=\"203\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"203\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"203\"><strong>Elimination<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Excretion: Urine (73%), feces (20%).<\/td>\n<td width=\"203\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Appropriate dosing: <\/strong>150-750 mg\/day (Immediate release); 400-800 mg\/day (extended release).<\/p>\n<p>Children &lt;12 years: safety not established.<\/p>\n<p>Children &gt;12 years: Dose range 400-800 mg\/day (de Miranda et al., 2020).<\/p>\n<p>Geriatrics: 50-200 mg\/day (Immediate); 50 mg\/day (Extended)<\/p>\n<p>Pregnant and breastfeeding women: Not recommended.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/nursingassignmentcrackers.com\/place-order\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our Verified MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS: NURS 6630 Study Guide for Medication Treatment Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychosis Disorders<\/span> <\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/h3>\n<h2><strong>Route of Administration:\u00a0 <\/strong>Orally.<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Considerations for dosing alterations: <\/strong>Elderly and patients predisposed to hypotensive reactions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Half-life: <\/strong>\u00a0The time it takes for the concentration of a drug to decrease to half of its initial dose in the body.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Understanding half-life is important because it determines a drug&#8217;s excretion rates and steady-state concentrations. After one half-life has passed, half of the starting drug amount is eliminated from the body (Smith et al., 2018).<\/li>\n<li>Seroquel has a half-life of 6 hours for immediate release formulation and 7 hours for extended-release formulation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Side effects\/adverse reaction potentials<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Seroquel is associated with various adverse effects, including somnolence fatigue, dry mouth, constipation, increased appetite, weight gain, orthostatic hypertension, and dizziness (de Miranda et al., 2020). Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a possible adverse effect due to the drug\u2019s D2 receptor blockage.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Contraindications for use including significant drug-to-drug interactions<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Currently, no identified FDA contraindications of quetiapine.<\/li>\n<li>It is contraindicated in patients with documented hypersensitivity.<\/li>\n<li>However, quetiapine is associated with an increased risk of death in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis (Osborne et al., 2020).<\/li>\n<li>Precaution is needed with drugs that prolong QT intervals and patients with prolonged QT intervals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Contraindications due to drug-to-drug interactions<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Amisulpride<\/li>\n<li>Goserelin<\/li>\n<li>Lefamulin<\/li>\n<li>Leuprolide<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Overdose Considerations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Seroquel can be life-threatening if taken in an overdose. Toxicity occurs with levels &gt; 1500 ng\/mL.<\/p>\n<p>Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment in an overdose.<\/p>\n<p>Measures for acute toxicity include: Maintaining the airway; Ensuring adequate oxygenation; Ventilation (Osborne et al., 2020).<\/p>\n<p>Gastric lavage and administration of activated charcoal with a laxative can prevent more drug absorption if promptly given.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Diagnostics and labs monitoring<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The prescribing clinician should monitor the patient\u2019s metabolic panel focusing on fasting glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels,<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_111739\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-111739\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-111739\" src=\"https:\/\/nursingassignmentcrackers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NURS-6630-Study-Guide-for-Medication-Treatment-Schizophrenia-Spectrum-and-Other-Psychosis-Disorders-300x124.png\" alt=\"NURS 6630 Study Guide for Medication Treatment Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychosis Disorders\" width=\"300\" height=\"124\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nursingassignmentcrackers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NURS-6630-Study-Guide-for-Medication-Treatment-Schizophrenia-Spectrum-and-Other-Psychosis-Disorders-300x124.png 300w, https:\/\/nursingassignmentcrackers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NURS-6630-Study-Guide-for-Medication-Treatment-Schizophrenia-Spectrum-and-Other-Psychosis-Disorders-768x317.png 768w, https:\/\/nursingassignmentcrackers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NURS-6630-Study-Guide-for-Medication-Treatment-Schizophrenia-Spectrum-and-Other-Psychosis-Disorders.png 973w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-111739\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">NURS 6630 Study Guide for Medication Treatment Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychosis Disorders<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>weight, and blood pressure (before and during treatment). Besides, patients on long-term treatment should have a lens exam every six months for cataract monitoring (Osborne et al., 2020). Leukopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis can occur with Seroquel treatment, and thus a complete blood count (CBC) should be performed during the first few months of treatment (Osborne et al., 2020). In addition, orthostatic vital signs should be monitored in patients vulnerable to hypotension like geriatrics, patients with dehydration, hypovolemia, and those on antihypertensives.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Comorbidities considerations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Precautions should be taken in patients with hypokalemia, cardiac arrhythmia, and hypomagnesemia. Metabolic panels should be obtained before initiating the drug (Osborne et al., 2020).<\/li>\n<li>Patients with diabetes mellitus should have their glucose monitored to avoid hyperosmolar coma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Legal and ethical considerations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The clinician prescribing Seroquel should uphold beneficence by ensuring that the drug will have the maximum benefit in treating a patient\u2019s psychotic, bipolar, or MDD symptoms. Nonmaleficence should be upheld by considering the drug\u2019s side effects and ensuring that the benefits outweigh the risks.<\/li>\n<li>The clinician should obtain consent from the patient before initiating treatment with Seroquel and explain the potential benefits and side effects for the patient to make an informed decision.<\/li>\n<li>Confidentiality of the patient\u2019s health information should be maintained to prevent legal consequences.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Pertinent patient education considerations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The patient should be educated about the drug\u2019s indications, benefits, and side effects. Patients should be informed that the drug can be discontinued if they experience severe side effects and if they have a decrease in WBCs (de Miranda et al., 2020). Besides, they should be educated that abrupt drug discontinuation poses a risk for withdrawal symptoms.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Seroquel is a second-generation antipsychotic, FDA-approved for treating schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, and MDD. It is also used off-label in treating insomnia, treatment-resistant GAD, and alcohol dependence. Seroquel is an antagonist for D2 receptors and serotonin receptors, which results in reduced psychotic symptoms. Patients on Seroquel should be monitored for cholesterol and triglyceride levels, weight, blood pressure, fasting glucose, cataracts, complete blood count, and orthostatic vital signs. Ethical principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, confidentiality, and consent should be upheld when prescribing patient Seroquel.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong>NURS 6630 Study Guide for Medication Treatment Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychosis Disorders References<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Ansara, E. D. (2020). Management of treatment-resistant generalized anxiety disorder.\u00a0<em>The mental health clinician<\/em>,\u00a0<em>10<\/em>(6), 326\u2013334. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9740\/mhc.2020.11.326\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9740\/mhc.2020.11.326<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Boafo, A., Greenham, S., Sullivan, M., Bazaid, K., Suntharalingam, S., Silbernagel, L., Magner, K., &amp; Robillard, R. (2020). Medications for sleep disturbance in children and adolescents with depression: a survey of Canadian child and adolescent psychiatrists.\u00a0<em>Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health<\/em>,\u00a0<em>14<\/em>, 10. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13034-020-00316-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13034-020-00316-8<\/a><\/p>\n<p>de Miranda, A. S., Ferreira, R. N., Teixeira, A. L., &amp; de Miranda, A. S. (2020). Mood Stabilizers: Quetiapine.\u00a0<em>NeuroPsychopharmacotherapy<\/em>, 1-23.<\/p>\n<p>Osborne, V., Davies, M., Evans, A., &amp; Shakir, S. (2020). Observational assessment of safety in Seroquel (OASIS): a specialist cohort event monitoring (SCEM) study in England. <em>Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology<\/em>,\u00a0<em>10<\/em>, 2045125320954616. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2045125320954616\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2045125320954616<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Smith, D. A., Beaumont, K., Maurer, T. S., &amp; Di, L. (2018). Relevance of Half-Life in Drug Design.\u00a0<em>Journal of medicinal chemistry<\/em>,\u00a0<em>61<\/em>(10), 4273\u20134282. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b00969\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b00969<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Vatsalya, V., Kong, M., Marsano, L. M., Kurlawala, Z., Chandras, K. V., Schwandt, M. L., Ramchandani, V. A., &amp; McClain, C. J. (2020). Interaction of Heavy Drinking Patterns and Depression Severity Predicts Efficacy of Quetiapine Fumarate XR in Lowering Alcohol Intake in Alcohol Use Disorder Patients.\u00a0<em>Substance abuse: research and treatment<\/em>,\u00a0<em>14<\/em>, 1178221820955185. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1178221820955185\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1178221820955185<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><strong>A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: NURS 6630 Study Guide for Medication Treatment Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychosis Disorders<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Title: NURS 6630 Study Guide for Medication Treatment Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychosis Disorders<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Schizophrenia is characterized mainly by a clear sensory but a marked thinking disturbance. The psychotic disorder is highly linked with abnormalities of amine neurotransmitter function, especially dopamine. Antipsychotic medications, also called neuroleptic or major tranquilizers, are the first-line drug therapy for schizophrenia. They target the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, like hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized behavior. Antipsychotics act by controlling neurotransmitter dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain. They are classified into two major groups: Typical and Atypical. The antipsychotic effects of Typical antipsychotics owe their competitive blockage to dopamine receptors. Atypicals have fewer extrapyramidal adverse effects than the typical and block both serotonin and dopamine receptors. The purpose of this assignment is to develop a study guide for Risperidone.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Drug Description<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Risperidone is also called Risperdal.<\/li>\n<li>It is an Atypical neuroleptic medication.<\/li>\n<li>The FDA approves it for use in the USA in the treatment of:<\/li>\n<li>Schizophrenia in adults and children aged above 13 years.<\/li>\n<li>Bipolar I acute manic or mixed episodes as monotherapy in adults and children above 10 years (\u00c1lamo, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>Bipolar I acute manic or mixed episodes adjunctive with lithium or valproate in adults.<\/li>\n<li>Autism-associated irritability in children above five years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Off-label uses include:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Borderline personality disorder<\/li>\n<li>Delusional disorder<\/li>\n<li>Delirium<\/li>\n<li>Depression<\/li>\n<li>Brain injury<\/li>\n<li>Pedophilia<\/li>\n<li>PTSD<\/li>\n<li>Bipolar disorder<\/li>\n<li>Conduct disorder<\/li>\n<li>Lesch-Nyhan<\/li>\n<li>Tourette Syndrome<\/li>\n<li>Stuttering, movement disorders<\/li>\n<li>Developmental disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>\u00a0The medication mechanism of action<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Risperidone has a high affinity for serotonin type 2 (5-HT2) receptors.<\/li>\n<li>It binds to dopamine D2 receptors with 20 times lower affinity than that for 5-HT2 receptors (Zhao et al., 2022).<\/li>\n<li>It antagonizes alpha1-adrenergic, alpha2-adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors.<\/li>\n<li>Risperidone has a moderate affinity for serotonin type 1 receptors.<\/li>\n<li>Has a weak affinity for dopamine D1 receptors.<\/li>\n<li>No affinity for muscarinic, beta1-adrenergic, and beta2-adrenergic receptors (Zhao et al., 2022).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Pharmacokinetics<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Pharmacodynamics<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Risperidone decreases dopamine neurotransmission for the five classes of dopamine receptors (D<sub>1<\/sub> to D<sub>5<\/sub>).<\/li>\n<li>It reduces the hallucinations and delusions associated with schizophrenia by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain&#8217;s mesolimbic system (Zhao et al., 2022).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Appropriate dosing and administration route, <\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Oral<\/strong>: Initial dose at 2 mg\/day; Recommended target dosage of 2-8 mg\/day OD or BD.<\/li>\n<li>The oral dose may be increased by 1-2 mg\/day at intervals \u226524 hr.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Intramuscular<\/strong>: 12.5-50 mg into the deltoid or gluteal muscle every 2 weeks; The dose should not be adjusted more often than every 4 weeks.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Subcutaneous<\/strong>: 90 mg or 120 mg SC once monthly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Considerations For Dosing Alterations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Renal Impairment: If Creatine clearance is below 30, PO Risperidone should be initiated at 0.5 mg BD.<\/li>\n<li>It can be increased by up to 0.5 mg BD to a max of 1.5 mg BD.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Considerations of use and dosing in specific specialty populations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Geriatrics<\/strong>: Lower initial doses are recommended and should be adjusted more gradually.<\/p>\n<p>PO initial dose at 0.5 mg q12hr; IM: 12.5-25 mg (\u00c1lamo, 2022).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pediatrics &gt;13 years: <\/strong>Initiated at lower doses of 0.5 mg\/day PO in the morning or evening.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Half-life: <\/strong>This is the time taken for the plasma or blood level of a drug to fall by half.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Half-life is determined by drug distribution, metabolism, and excretion.<\/li>\n<li>Half-life is important because drugs that have a short half-life stay in the body for a shorter period and thus have a shorter duration of action (Andrade, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>Drugs with a short half-life thus need to be administered more frequently.<\/li>\n<li>Drugs with a long half-life stay longer in the body and thus have a longer duration of action (Andrade, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>These drugs can conveniently be dosed once a day or less frequently.<\/li>\n<li>Extensive Risperidone metabolizers have a half-life of 3 hrs (parent and metabolite combined).<\/li>\n<li>Poor metabolizers have a half-life of 20 hrs (parent and metabolite combined).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Side effects\/adverse reaction potentials<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The most significant side effects are Weight gain, metabolic changes, and sedation.<\/li>\n<li>It is associated with extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS): Acute dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, and parkinsonian features (Hodkinson et al., 2021).<\/li>\n<li>Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a serious side effect of Risperidone.<\/li>\n<li>Other side effects: Somnolence, Insomnia, Agitation, Anxiety, Headache, Rhinitis, Fatigue, Increased appetite, Vomiting, Drooling, and Urinary incontinence (Hodkinson et al., 2021).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Contraindications for use and drug-to-drug interactions<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Risperidone is contraindicated in patients with known allergy\/hypersensitivity to Risperidone or paliperidone (Hodkinson et al., 2021).<\/li>\n<li>Contraindicated in dementia-related psychosis due to increased risk of death.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Overdose Considerations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Risperidone overdose is life-threatening.<\/li>\n<li>Patients with risperidone overdose should be monitored for hypotension, sedation, and respiratory depression.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Diagnostics and labs monitoring<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Monitoring plasma concentrations for Risperidone is strongly recommended.<\/li>\n<li>Monitor for leukopenia\/neutropenia and agranulocytosis.<\/li>\n<li>Monitor complete blood count frequently in the first few months of therapy in patients with a history of low WBC count (\u00c1lamo, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>Specific parameters to be monitored: Serum prolactin level, hepatic functioning, metabolic functioning, thyroid functioning, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, fasting lipid profile, and QTc (\u00c1lamo, 2022).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Comorbidities considerations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>It should be administered with caution in patients with a history of Parkinson&#8217;s disease, Lewy body dementia, seizures, cardiovascular disease, hypovolemia, and dehydration (\u00c1lamo, 2022).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Legal and ethical considerations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The prescribing clinician should consider legal and ethical factors of beneficence, nonmaleficence, informed consent, and confidentiality when prescribing Risperidone (Hodkinson et al., 2021).<\/li>\n<li>Beneficence is fostered by prescribing the drug when evidence supports its efficacy and benefits in treating schizophrenia in patients.<\/li>\n<li>Nonmaleficence is upheld by examining the associated side effects of Risperidone and ensuring the benefits outweigh the possible harm.<\/li>\n<li>The clinician should obtain consent from the patient by explaining the mechanism of action, benefits, and potential side effects of Risperidone before starting treatment (Hodkinson et al., 2021).<\/li>\n<li>The clinician should maintain the confidentiality of the patient&#8217;s diagnosis and treatment and seek consent before sharing the information with other providers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Pertinent patient education considerations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Patient education with regard to Risperidone includes informing the patient of the drug\u2019s benefits in alleviating schizophrenia symptoms and possible side effects.<\/li>\n<li>Patients should be educated on extrapyramidal symptoms and signs of NMS (Hodkinson et al., 2021).<\/li>\n<li>They should be instructed on the action to take when serious side effects occur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>NURS 6630 Study Guide for Medication Treatment Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychosis Disorders Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Risperidone is an Atypical neuroleptic used to treat schizophrenia in adults and children above 13 years. It is also FDA-indicated to treat Bipolar 1 acute manic or mixed episodes and Autism-associated irritability in children above 5 years. It exhibits its therapeutic effects by blocking serotonin and dopamine receptors. The most significant side effects of Risperidone are weight gain, metabolic changes, and sedation. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and Extrapyramidal symptoms are serious side effects of Risperidone.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>NURS 6630 Study Guide for Medication Treatment Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychosis Disorders References<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u00c1lamo, C. (2022). Risperidone ISM as a New Option in the Clinical Management of Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review. Advances in therapy, 39(11), 4875\u20134891. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-022-02299-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-022-02299-8<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Andrade, C. (2022). The practical importance of half-life in psychopharmacology.\u00a0<em>The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry<\/em>,\u00a0<em>83<\/em>(4), 41940. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.22f14584\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.22f14584<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Hodkinson, A., Heneghan, C., Mahtani, K. R., Kontopantelis, E., &amp; Panagioti, M. (2021). Benefits and harms of Risperidone and Paliperidone for treatment of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis involving individual participant data and clinical study reports.\u00a0<em>BMC medicine<\/em>,\u00a0<em>19<\/em>(1), 195. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-021-02062-w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-021-02062-w<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Zhao, M., Ma, J., Li, M., Zhu, W., Zhou, W., Shen, L., Wu, H., Zhang, N., Wu, S., Fu, C., Li, X., Yang, K., Tang, T., Shen, R., He, L., Huai, C., &amp; Qin, S. (2022). Different responses to risperidone treatment in schizophrenia: a multicenter genome-wide association and whole exome sequencing joint study. <em>Translational psychiatry<\/em>,\u00a0<em>12<\/em>(1), 173. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-022-01942-w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-022-01942-w<\/a><\/p>\n<p>As we begin this session, I would like to take this opportunity to clarify my expectations for this course:<\/p>\n<p>Please note that GCU Online weeks run from Thursday (Day 1) through Wednesday (Day 7).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Course Room Etiquette<\/strong>:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>It is my expectation that all learners will respect the thoughts and ideas presented in the discussions.<\/li>\n<li>All postings should be presented in a respectful, professional manner.\u00a0<em>Remember \u2013 different points of view add richness and depth to the course!<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><em>Office Hours:<\/em><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>My office hours vary so feel free to shoot me an email at\u00a0<u>Kelly.<\/u>Dellorusso1@my.gcu.edu or my office phone is 602.639.6517\u00a0and I will get back to you within one business day or as soon as possible.<\/li>\n<li>Phone appointments can be scheduled as well. Send me an email and the best time to call you, along with your phone number to make an appointment.<\/li>\n<li>I welcome all inquiries and questions as we spend this term together. My preference is that everyone utilizes the\u00a0<em>Questions to Instructor forum<\/em>. In the event your question is of a personal nature, please feel free to post in the\u00a0<em>Individual Questions for Instructor forum<\/em>\u00a0I will respond to all posts or emails within 24 or sooner.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><em>Late Policy and Grading Policy<\/em><\/h2>\n<p>Discussion questions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I do not mark off for late DQ\u2019s.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0I would rather you take the time to read the materials and respond to the DQ\u2019s in a scholarly way, demonstrating your understanding of the materials.<\/li>\n<li>I will not accept any DQ submissions after day 7, 11:59 PM (AZ Time) of the week.<\/li>\n<li>Individual written assignments &#8211; due by 11:59 PM AZ Time Zone on the due dates indicated for each class deliverable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><em>Assignments:<\/em><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Assignments turned in after their specified due dates are subject to a late penalty of -10%, each day late, of the available credit.\u00a0Please refer to the student academic handbook and GCU policy.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Any activity or assignment submitted after the due date will be subject to GCU\u2019s late policy<\/li>\n<li>Extenuating circumstances may justify exceptions, which are at my sole discretion. If an extenuating circumstance should arise, please contact me privately as soon as possible.<\/li>\n<li>No assignments can be accepted for grading after midnight on the final day of class.<\/li>\n<li>All assignments will be graded in accordance with the Assignment Grading Rubrics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><em>Participation<\/em><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Participation in each week\u2019s Discussion Board forum accounts for a large percentage of your final grade in this course.<\/li>\n<li>Please review the Course Syllabus for a comprehensive overview of course deliverables and the value associated with each.<\/li>\n<li>It is my expectation that each of you will substantially contribute to the course discussion forums and respond to the posts of at least three other learners.<\/li>\n<li>A\u00a0<strong>substantive post should be at least 200 words<\/strong>. Responses such as \u201cgreat posts\u201d or \u201cI agree\u201d\u00a0<u>do not<\/u>\u00a0meet the active engagement expectation.<\/li>\n<li>Please feel free to draw on personal examples as you develop your responses to the Discussion Questions but you do need to demonstrate your understanding of the materials.<\/li>\n<li>I do expect outside sources as well as class materials to formulate your post.<\/li>\n<li>APA format is not necessary for DQ responses, but I do expect a proper citation for references.<\/li>\n<li>Please use peer-related journals found through the GCU library and\/or class materials to formulate your answers. Do not try to &#8220;Google&#8221; DQ&#8217;s as I am looking for class materials and examples from the weekly materials.<\/li>\n<li><strong>I\u00a0<\/strong>will not accept responses that are from Wikipedia, Business\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/dictionary.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dictionary.com<\/a>, or other popular business websites. You will not receive credit for generic web searches \u2013 this does not demonstrate graduate-level research.<\/li>\n<li><u>Stay away from the use of personal pronouns when writing.<\/u>\u00a0As a graduate student, you are expected to write based on research and gathering of facts. Demonstrating your understanding of the materials is what you will be graded on. You will be marked down for lack of evidence to support your ideas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><em>Plagiarism<\/em><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Plagiarism is the act of claiming credit for another&#8217;s work, accomplishments, or ideas without appropriate acknowledgment of the source of the information by including in-text citations and references.<\/li>\n<li><strong>This course requires the utilization of APA format for all course deliverables as noted in the course syllabus.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Whether this happens deliberately or inadvertently, whenever plagiarism has occurred, you have committed a Code of Conduct violation.<\/li>\n<li>Please review your LopesWrite report prior to final submission.<\/li>\n<li><em>Every act of plagiarism, no matter the severity, must be reported to the GCU administration (this includes your DQ\u2019s, posts to your peers, and your papers).<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><em>Plagiarism includes<\/em>:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Representing the ideas, expressions, or materials of another without due credit.<\/li>\n<li>Paraphrasing or condensing ideas from another person\u2019s work without proper citation and referencing.<\/li>\n<li>Failing to document direct quotations without proper citation and referencing.<\/li>\n<li>Depending upon the amount, severity, and frequency of the plagiarism that is committed, students may receive in-class penalties that range from coaching (for a minor omission), -20% grade penalties for resubmission, or zero credit for a specific assignment. University-level penalties may also occur, including suspension or even expulsion from the University.<\/li>\n<li>If you are at all uncertain about what constitutes plagiarism, you should review the resources available in the Student Success Center. Also, please review the University\u2019s policies about plagiarism which are covered in more detail in the GCU Catalog and the Student Handbook.<\/li>\n<li>We will be utilizing the GCU APA Style Guide 7th edition located in the Student Success Center &gt; The Writing Center for all course deliverables.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><em>LopesWrite<\/em><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>All course assignments must be uploaded to the specific Module Assignment Drop Box, and also submitted to LopesWrite\u00a0every week.<\/li>\n<li>Please ensure that your assignment is uploaded to both locations under the Assignments DropBox. Detailed instructions for using LopesWrite\u00a0are located in the Student Success Center.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><em>Assignment Submissions<\/em><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Please note that Microsoft Office is the software requirement at GCU.<\/li>\n<li>I can open Word files or any file that is saved with a .rtf (Rich Text Format) extension. I am unable to open .wps files.<\/li>\n<li>If you are using a \u201c.wps\u201d word processor, please save your files using the .rtf extension that is available from the drop-down box before uploading your files to the Assignment Drop Box.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><em>Grade of Incomplete<\/em><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The final grade of Incomplete is granted at the discretion of the instructor; however, students must meet certain specific criteria before this grade accommodation is even possible to consider.<\/li>\n<li>The grade of Incomplete is reserved for times when students experience a serious extenuating circumstance or a crisis during the last week of class which prevents the completion of course requirements before the close of the grading period. Students also must pass the course at the time the request is made.<\/li>\n<li>Please contact me personally if you are having difficulties in meeting course requirements or class deadlines during our time together. In addition, if you are experiencing personal challenges or difficulties, it is best to contact the Academic Counselor so that you can discuss the options that might be available to you, as well as each option\u2019s academic and financial repercussions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><em>Grade Disputes<\/em><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>If you have any questions about a grade you have earned on an individual assignment or activity, please get in touch with me<u>\u00a0personally for further clarification<\/u>.<\/li>\n<li>While I have made every attempt to grade you fairly, on occasion a misunderstanding may occur, so please allow me the opportunity to learn your perspective if you believe this has occurred. Together, we should be able to resolve grading issues on individual assignments.<\/li>\n<li>However, after we have discussed individual assignments\u2019 point scores, if you still believe that the final grade you have earned at the end of the course is not commensurate with the quality of work you produced for this class, there is a\u00a0<u>formal Grade Grievance procedure<\/u>\u00a0which is outlined in the GCU Catalog and Student Handbook.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sample Answer for NURS 6630 Study Guide for Medication Treatment Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychosis Disorders Included After Question According to the Schizophrenia and Related Disorders Alliance of America, approximately 3.5 million people in the United States are diagnosed with schizophrenia (n.d.), and it is one of the leading causes of disability. In practice, patients [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-72192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nursing-papers"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>NURS 6630 Study Guide for Medication Treatment Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychosis Disorders - Nursing Assignment Crackers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"NURS 6630 Study Guide for Medication Treatment Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychosis Disorders-Antipsychotic agents, also called neuroleptic or major tranquilizers, are used primarily to treat schizophrenia.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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