To Prepare:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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• Review the Resources and identify a clinical issue of interest that can form the basis of a clinical inquiry.\u00a0Keep in mind that the clinical issue you identify for your research will stay the same for the entire course.<\/li>\n
• Based on the clinical issue of interest and using keywords related to the clinical issue of interest, search at least four different databases in the Walden Library to identify at least four relevant peer-reviewed articles related to your clinical issue of interest. You should not be using systematic reviews for this assignment, select original research articles.<\/li>\n
• Review the results of your peer-reviewed research and reflect on the process of using an unfiltered database to search for peer-reviewed research.<\/li>\n
• Reflect on the types of research methodologies contained in the four relevant peer-reviewed articles you selected.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

  Part 1: Identifying Research Methodologies<\/strong><\/h2>\n

  After reading each of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected, use the Matrix Worksheet template to analyze the methodologies applied in each of the four peer-reviewed articles. Your analysis should include the following:<\/p>\n

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  • The full citation of each peer-reviewed article in APA format.<\/li>\n
  • A brief (1-paragraph) statement explaining why you chose this peer-reviewed article and\/or how it relates to your clinical issue of interest, including a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest.<\/li>\n
  • A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article.<\/li>\n
  • A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the research methodology used. Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific.<\/li>\n
  • A brief (1- to 2-paragraph) description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 3<\/h2>\n

    Submit<\/strong>\u00a0your Evidence-Based Project.<\/p>\n

    SUBMISSION INFORMATION<\/h2>\n

    Before submitting your final assignment, you can check your draft for authenticity. To check your draft, access the\u00a0Turnitin Drafts<\/strong>\u00a0from the\u00a0Start Here<\/strong>\u00a0area.<\/p>\n

    \n
    1. To submit your completed assignment, save your Assignment as\u00a0MD2Assgn+last name+first initial<\/strong><\/li>\n
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    3. Next, click on\u00a0Upload File<\/strong>\u00a0and select\u00a0Submit Assignment<\/strong>\u00a0for review.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       A Sample Answer For the Assignment: Evidence-Based Project, Part 1: Identifying Research Methodologies<\/strong><\/h2>\n

       Title: <\/strong> Evidence-Based Project, Part 1: Identifying Research Methodologies<\/strong><\/h2>\n

       An Introduction to Clinical Inquiry and Research Methodologies<\/strong><\/h3>\n

       Clinical issues have profound impacts on health care providers and patients, given that they pose a significant risk to the quality of care, patient safety, and nursing staff\u2019s wellbeing. Workplace incivility, characterized by discourteous and disrespectful actions, is typical in the nursing practice. It is among the issues that adversely affect nurses\u2019 confidence and interprofessional collaboration. Anxiety is also high in workplaces where nursing incivility is not effectively controlled, fueling burnout and turnover (Shi et al., 2018). Effective control of nursing incivility is vital to optimizing care quality and patient safety. Since interventions should be evidence-based, it is crucial to search for evidence from credible research as summarized in the matrix worksheet.<\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

       Full citation<\/em><\/strong> of selected article<\/td>\n	Article #1<\/strong><\/td>\n	Article #2<\/strong><\/td>\n	Article #3<\/strong><\/td>\n	Article #4<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
       Kile, D., Eaton, M., deValpine, M., & Gilbert, R. (2019). The effectiveness of education and cognitive rehearsal in managing nurse\u2010to\u2010nurse incivility: A pilot study.\u00a0Journal of Nursing Management<\/em>,\u00a027<\/em>(3), 543-552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jonm.12709<\/a><\/p>\n  <\/p>\n  <\/td>\n	Abdollahzadeh, F., Asghari, E., Ebrahimi, H., Rahmani, A., & Vahidi, M. (2017). How to prevent workplace incivility?: Nurses’ perspective.\u00a0Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research<\/em>,\u00a022<\/em>(2), 157-163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1735-9066.205966<\/a><\/td>\n	Armstrong, N. (2018). Management of nursing workplace incivility in the health care settings: A systematic review.\u00a0Workplace Health & Safety<\/em>,\u00a066<\/em>(8), 403-410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F2165079918771106<\/a><\/td>\n	Shi, Y., Guo, H., Zhang, S., Xie, F., Wang, J., Sun, Z., … & Fan, L. (2018). Impact of workplace incivility against new nurses on job burn-out: A cross-sectional study in China.\u00a0BMJ Open<\/em>,\u00a08<\/em>(4), e020461. doi:10.1136\/ bmjopen-2017-020461<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
       Why<\/em><\/strong> you chose this article and\/or how it relates<\/em><\/strong> to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics<\/em><\/strong> of research related to your clinical issue of interest)<\/td>\n	It is a comprehensive article exploring the importance of enhanced awareness through educational programs in reducing nurse-to-nurse incivility. The article explains how cognitive rehearsal techniques can help nurses to cope with incivility. Al-Ghabeesh and Qattom (2018) also supported the role of cognitive rehearsal in helping nurses to cope with workplace problems since it prepares them mentally to cope with stressing situations. Regarding ethics, participation was voluntary and participants\u2019 information treated anonymously.<\/p>\n  <\/p>\n  <\/p>\n  <\/td>\n	The article depicts workplace incivility as a disturbing phenomenon, detrimental to clinicians\u2019 health and care delivered. Due to incivility\u2019s psychological and somatic effects, the article investigates how it can be managed from a nurse\u2019s perspective. Concerning research ethics, informed consent was observed to ensure that nurses participated willingly. Nurses were also allowed to withdraw willingly without getting penalized in any way.<\/td>\n	The article was chosen since it shows the severity of workplace incivility among nurses and proposes evidence-based interventions. According to Armstrong (2018), incivility has a destructive effect as a cause of emotional upset among nurses, to the extent of risking patient care. This observation coincides with Alshehry et al. (2021) finding that workplace incivility increases the occurrence of unsafe medication administration practices. On ethics, Armstrong (2018) avoided search biases by summarizing data from different databases.<\/td>\n	The article is an in-depth exploration of the implications of workplace incivility in health practice. It describes how workplace incivility is correlated with anxiety and job burn-out among nurses, necessitating evidence-based interventions. Regarding ethics of research, consent and anonymity are critical. Participants consented to participate in the survey and information provided was treated anonymously.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
       Brief description of the aims<\/em><\/strong> of the research of each peer-reviewed article<\/td>\n	The aim of the research was to help nurses to recognize incivility and reduce its impacts by confronting it through cognitive rehearsal techniques. The ability to confront incivility would improve job satisfaction.<\/td>\n	Abdollahzadeh et al. (2017) suggested that many articles have investigated the effects of workplace incivility without proposing practical interventions. In response, the article\u2019s primary aim is to determine how workplace incivility can be prevented in health care settings from a nurses\u2019 perspective.<\/td>\n	Guided by the premise that workplace incivility should be effectively controlled, the study critiques and summarized evidence that can help nursing staff to manage workplace incivility. It focused on the practical interventions that can be applied universally as nurses overcome this chronic problem.<\/td>\n	The article\u2019s primary aim was to investigate the impacts of workplace incivility on new nursing staff. It further examined the role that resilience plays in moderating incivility-job burn-out connection.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
       Brief description of the research methodology<\/em><\/strong> used Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative<\/em><\/strong>, quantitative<\/em><\/strong>, or a mixed-methods<\/em><\/strong> approach. Be specific.<\/td>\n	Kile et al. (2019) conducted a mixed method, pilot study. Data before and after nurses received cognitive rehearsal training were obtained via surveys for comparative analysis.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n	Data was collected via interviews. Researchers used the qualitative descriptive study design. Thus, the article is qualitative research.<\/td>\n	The study is a systematic review of current and relevant evidence on workplace incivility. Ten studies were reviewed, implying that it is a quantitative study.<\/td>\n	The study was a cross-sectional online survey. Participants (903 registered nurses) completed online questionnaires in May of 2016 in China. Hence, it was a quantitative research.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
       A brief description of the strengths<\/em><\/strong> of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability<\/em><\/strong> and validity<\/em><\/strong> of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.<\/td>\n	The key strength of a mixed method approach to research is enhancing the understanding of quantitative and qualitative results\u2019 contradictions. Regarding validity and reliability, researchers use various methods to gather information in mixed methods studies (Schoonenboom & Johnson, 2017). These methods supplement each other making the data more valid and reliable.<\/td>\n	Generally, qualitative research allows issues to be examined in-depth. Interviews also allow researchers to ask specific questions that can be redirected as situations oblige (Thorsteinson, 2018). Regarding reliability and validity, interviews allowed one-on-one correspondence and the interview questions were designed in a way that all the participants answered the same questions despite difference locations.<\/td>\n	A key strength of systematic reviews is getting a quick answer about a particular clinical issue from previous studies. In this case, information is readily available. Systematic reviews are highly reliable and valid too. Their conclusion about a clinical issue is derived from multiple studies that the researcher(s) assess for relevance and quality.<\/td>\n	As a common data collection method, questionnaires have various strengths. It is possible to test many people quickly. Data (quantitative) can be generated and analyzed easily. On reliability, questionnaires facilitate the collection of large volume of data (Oden, 2019). It was the same case in the article. The results were also consistent by showing a positive correlation between workplace incivility, anxiety, and burnout.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
       General Notes\/Comments<\/td>\n	The article expands the PICOT by explaining how an educational intervention (cognitive rehearsal) can advance workplace civility. It illustrates how a positive workplace can be promoted to ensure that patients receive safe and efficient care.<\/p>\n  <\/p>\n  <\/p>\n  <\/p>\n  <\/p>\n  <\/p>\n  <\/td>\n	The article is a reliable resource that expands knowledge on workplace incivility prevention from a nurses\u2019 perspective. It explains how improving nurses\u2019 skills and communication ability and supporting nurses can be integral in reducing workplace incivility in health care organizations.<\/td>\n	The article is highly informative on the implications of workplace incivility in health care settings. It further proposes interventions necessary to manage incivility including educational training on incivility to enhance awareness and communication skills. Overall, it is a useful resource to develop the PICOT.<\/td>\n	As nurses continue solving clinical issues, application of evidence-based research is vital. The article expands research on the effects of workplace incivility, which shows the need for policy interventions and other practical solutions.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n  <\/p>\n Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n The research articles in the worksheet evaluate workplace incivility among nurses from multiple dimensions. Causes of nursing incivility have been studied besides impacts of the clinical problem and possible prevention measures. Interventions such as resilience training and cognitive rehearsal techniques have been proposed. The articles will be further critiqued to get the best evidence to be used as the basis for change implementation in nursing practice to reduce incivility.<\/p>\n <\/h2>\n References<\/strong><\/h2>\n Abdollahzadeh, F., Asghari, E., Ebrahimi, H., Rahmani, A., & Vahidi, M. (2017). How to prevent workplace incivility?: Nurses’ perspective.\u00a0Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research<\/em>,\u00a022<\/em>(2), 157-163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1735-9066.205966<\/a><\/p>\n Al-Ghabeesh, S. H., & Qattom, H. (2019). Workplace bullying and its preventive measures and productivity among emergency department nurses.\u00a0Israel Journal of Health Policy research<\/em>,\u00a08<\/em>(1), 1-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-019-4268-x<\/a><\/p>\n Alshehry, A. S., Alquwez, N., Almazan, J., Namis, I. M., & Cruz, J. P. (2019). Influence of workplace incivility on the quality of nursing care.\u00a0Journal of Clinical Nursing<\/em>,\u00a028<\/em>(23-24), 4582-4594. DOI: 10.1111\/jocn.15051<\/p>\n Armstrong, N. (2018). Management of nursing workplace incivility in the health care settings: A systematic review.\u00a0Workplace Health & Safety<\/em>,\u00a066<\/em>(8), 403-410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F2165079918771106<\/a><\/p>\n Kile, D., Eaton, M., deValpine, M., & Gilbert, R. (2019). The effectiveness of education and cognitive rehearsal in managing nurse\u2010to\u2010nurse incivility: A pilot study.\u00a0Journal of Nursing Management<\/em>,\u00a027<\/em>(3), 543-552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jonm.12709<\/a><\/p>\n Oden, C. (2019). Validity and reliability of questionnaires: how to check<\/em>. ProjectTopics. https:\/\/www.projecttopics.org\/validity-and-reliability-of-questionnaires-how-to-check.html<\/a><\/p>\n Shi, Y., Guo, H., Zhang, S., Xie, F., Wang, J., Sun, Z., … & Fan, L. (2018). Impact of workplace incivility against new nurses on job burn-out: A cross-sectional study in China.\u00a0BMJ Open<\/em>,\u00a08<\/em>(4), e020461. doi:10.1136\/ bmjopen-2017-020461<\/p>\n Schoonenboom, J., & Johnson, R. B. (2017). How to construct a mixed methods research design.\u00a0KZfSS K\u00f6lner Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie<\/em>,\u00a069<\/em>(2), 107-131. doi: 10.1007\/s11577-017-0454-1<\/p>\n Thorsteinson, T. J. (2018). A meta\u2010analysis of interview length on reliability and validity.\u00a0Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology<\/em>,\u00a091<\/em>(1), 1-32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joop.12186<\/a><\/p>\n A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: Evidence-Based Project, Part 1: Identifying Research Methodologies<\/strong><\/h2>\n Title: <\/strong> Evidence-Based Project, Part 1: Identifying Research Methodologies<\/strong><\/h2>\n <\/h2>\n Matrix Worksheet<\/strong><\/h2>\n  <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Full citation<\/em><\/strong> of selected article<\/td>\n Article #1<\/strong><\/td>\n Article #2<\/strong><\/td>\n Article #3<\/strong><\/td>\n Article #4<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Tuna, R., & Kahraman, B. (2019). Workplace bullying: A qualitative study on experiences of Turkish nurse managers.\u00a0Journal of Nursing Management<\/em>,\u00a027<\/em>(6), 1159-1166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jonm.12787<\/a><\/p>\n  <\/p>\n  <\/td>\n Lee, E. M., & Kim, D. H. (2018). Moderating effects of professional self-concept in relationship between workplace bullying and nursing service quality among hospital nurses.\u00a0Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration<\/em>,\u00a024<\/em>(5), 375-386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11111\/jkana.2018.24.5.375<\/a><\/td>\n Kim, Y., Lee, E., & Lee, H. (2019). Association between workplace bullying and burnout, professional quality of life, and turnover intention among clinical nurses.\u00a0PLoS One<\/em>,\u00a014<\/em>(12), e0226506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0226506<\/a><\/td>\n Al-Ghabeesh, S. H., & Qattom, H. (2019). Workplace bullying and its preventive measures and productivity among emergency department nurses.\u00a0Israel Journal of Health Policy Research<\/em>,\u00a08<\/em>(1), 1-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-019-4268-x<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Why<\/em><\/strong> you chose this article and\/or how it relates<\/em><\/strong> to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics<\/em><\/strong> of research related to your clinical issue of interest)<\/td>\n The article examines workplace bullying in three dimensions- causes, effects, and prevention measures. It confirms how bullying hampers nurses\u2019 ability to provide safe and effective patient care, adversely affecting nurses\u2019 well-being and patient satisfaction. The study was approved appropriately and participants informed before participation.<\/p>\n  <\/p>\n  <\/p>\n  <\/td>\n The article is an in-depth study of the implications of workplace bullying on the quality of nursing service. It coincides with Faghihi et al. (2021) observation that workplace bullying hampers nurses\u2019 ability to provide quality care. Informed consent and confidentiality were priority areas during data collection. It relates to the clinical issue of interest by describing the detrimental effects of workplace bullying, necessitating evidence-based interventions.<\/td>\n The article explores the devastating effects of workplace bullying and the need for its prevention. The primary argument is that preventing workplace bullying is the foundation of a professional and supportive work environment. On ethics, participants were briefed about the study particulars including objectives, confidentiality, and anonymity. Thus, they participated willingly.<\/td>\n The article explores workplace bullying in detail and proposes intervention measures. Like Karatuna et al. (2020), the article confirms that workplace bullying is prevalent among nurses and widespread in stressful work environments. Training on workplace bullying can help nurses to cope effectively.\u00a0 Ethics of research visible in the article include seeking approval to protect the rights of the participants.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Brief description of the aims<\/em><\/strong> of the research of each peer-reviewed article<\/td>\n The study\u2019s aim was to determine the presence of workplace bullying among junior and senior nursing staff, causes, impacts, and possible prevention measures.<\/td>\n Lee and Kim (2018) identified the effects of workplace bullying on the quality of nursing service.<\/td>\n Kim et al. (2019) examined the relationship between workplace bullying and turnover intention, burnout, and nurses\u2019 quality of life.<\/td>\n The primary aim was to examine the prevalence of workplace bullying in nursing and practical prevention measures. The study is based on the premise that workplace bullying is preventable by responding effectively to personal and workplace factors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Brief description of the research methodology<\/em><\/strong> used Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative<\/em><\/strong>, quantitative<\/em><\/strong>, or a mixed-methods<\/em><\/strong> approach. Be specific.<\/td>\n Tuna and Kahraman (2019) relied solely on interviews. 11 open-ended interview questions were administered to 25 ward managers. Hence, the study was qualitative.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n Lee and Kim (2018) collected data using questionnaires. Participants were 280 nurses working in J Province hospitals. Therefore, it was quantitative.<\/td>\n The study was a cross-sectional design where data was collected via structured questionnaires.Therefore, it was quantitative.<\/td>\n Al-Ghabeesh and Qattom (2019) surveyed nurses in five hospitals in Jordan. They involved a four-part questionnaire, implying that the study was quantitative.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n A brief description of the strengths<\/em><\/strong> of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability<\/em><\/strong> and validity<\/em><\/strong> of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.<\/td>\n Interviews enable researchers to collect detailed information about a study\u2019s phenomenon. Same questions can be asked. Through interviews, researchers could get a greater attention to participants\u2019 perspectives on bullying.<\/p>\n  <\/td>\n Questionnaires are a reliable method when it comes to data collection from a large population sample. It is easy and quick to collect data via questionnaires too. Participants answer the same questions, which makes questionnaires valid and reliable.<\/td>\n Besides data collection from large sample populations, cross-sectional studies are quick to conduct. Wang and Cheng (2020) also found them instrumental in determining the relationship between exposures and outcomes.<\/td>\n Surveys are highly reliable since they can collect data from a large sample. They have little observer subjectivity and a good statistical significance.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n General Notes\/Comments<\/td>\n The article is a useful resource for understanding workplace bullying and prevention measures. It will be used to explain how workplace bullying can be reduced in health care settings.<\/p>\n  <\/p>\n  <\/p>\n  <\/p>\n  <\/p>\n  <\/p>\n  <\/td>\n The article is highly informative on the effects of workplace bullying, showing the need for moderation via evidence-based interventions.<\/td>\n The article confirms the detrimental effect of workplace bullying, justifying the need for further exploration from a solution point of view.<\/td>\n The article will be pivotal in further exploration of bullying among nurses and practical interventions. It helps to understand the problem quantitatively.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n