Address issues of your own cultural and linguistic competency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nWhat makes planning interventions for a different race\/ethnicity\/culture both rewarding and challenging at the same time? Feel free to be honest here and use your critical thinking skills.<\/p>\n
What is the one greatest insight you had after reviewing this chapter based on another racial, ethnic, or cultural group other than your own.<\/p>\n
List the textbook and any other sources you used as references at the end of the paper using APA 7th edition format.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Cultural Diversity in Health and Illness Ninth Edition Chapter 9 Health and Illness in the American Indian and Alaska Native Population Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 9-1 Beadwork \u2013 The Circle Is Divided into Four Quadrants That Represent the Directions North, South, East, and West Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 9-2 Sage \u2013 A Sacred Plant Commonly Used in Ceremonies to Purify a Setting (Such as Room, Entire Home, or Store) or a Person Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 9-3 “Burial Moon,” by Philip Young, Illustrates a Traditional Way of Burying People Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 9.1 Discuss the historical and demographic backgrounds of the American Indianand Alaska Native population. 9.2 Describe the traditional definitions of health and illness of the American Indian and Alaska Native population. 9.3 Explain the traditional methods of healing of the American Indian and Alaska Native population. 9.4 Discuss the practice of a traditional healer. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (2 of 2) 9.5 Describe current healthcare problems of the American Indian and Alaska Native populations. 9.6 Summarize the services rendered by the Indian Health Service Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Demographic Overview: Census 2014 Estimates (1 of 2) \u2022 5.4 million people \u2022 1.2% U.S. Population \u2022 566 Federally recognized tribes (1\/2015) Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Demographic Overview: Census 2014 Estimates (2 of 2) \u2022 American Indian or Alaska Native \u2013 Refers to a person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) and \u2013 Who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment. \u25aa This category includes people who indicated their race(s) as \u201cAmerican Indian or Alaska Native\u201d or reported their enrolled or principal tribe, such as Navajo, Blackfeet, Inupiat, Yup\u2019ik, or Central American Indian groups or South American Indian groups. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Background \u2022 Must be known as Nations within the United States \u2022 Land issues \u2022 Broken treaties \u2022 Citizenship \u2022 American Indian Movement Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Largest American Indian Nations \u2022 Cherokee \u2022 Navajo \u2022 Latin American Indian \u2022 Choctaw \u2022 Sioux \u2022 Chippewa \u2022 Largest Alaska Native group – Eskimo Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Health \u2022 Living in total harmony with nature \u2022 The ability to survive difficult situations \u2022 Relationship with the earth \u2013 Earth may be healthy or less healthy. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Illness \u2022 Reason for every Illness \u2022 Associated with evil spirits \u2022 Disharmony with nature Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Selected Causes of Illness \u2022 Displeasing holy people \u2022 Annoying the elements \u2022 Disturbing animal and plant life \u2022 Neglecting celestial bodies \u2022 Misuse of ceremony \u2022 Tampering with witches Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Types of Illness \u2022 Contagious diseases \u2013 Measles \u2013 Smallpox \u2013 Diphtheria \u2013 Syphilis, and gonorrhea \u2013 Generalized illnesses \u2022 Body fever \u2013 Body ache Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Diagnosis \u2022 Motion in the hand \u2022 Sand paintings \u2022 Chanting \u2022 Stargazing \u2022 Listening Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Traditional Remedies \u2022 Purification \u2013 Cleanse body and spirit \u2013 Total immersion \u2013 Controls consciousness \u2013 Prepare for meditation \u2022 Sweat lodges \u2022 Herbal remedies Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Selected Traditional Remedies Illness Remedy Colds Witch Hazel Sore Throat Comfrey Diarrhea Elderberry flowers Headache Tansy and sage Ear Infection Skunk oil Mouth sores Dried raspberry leaves Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Healers \u2022 Medicine man or woman \u2013 Power developed from solitary vision quests and fasts. \u2013 Acquisition of full shamantic powers takes many years. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Current Healthcare Problems \u2022 American Indian and Alaska Native people have long experienced lower health status when compared with other Americans. \u2013 Lower life expectancy \u2013 Disproportionate disease burden \u2022 Related to: \u2013 Inadequate education. \u2013 Disproportionate poverty. \u2013 Discrimination in the delivery of health services. \u2013 Cultural differences. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Morbidity \u2022 Life expectancy is 2.4 years less than the U.S. all races population. \u2022 Infant mortality rate of nearly 10 per every 1,000 live births \u2022 Higher incidence of diabetes, tuberculosis, homicide, and suicide Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Comparison of Selected Health Status Indicators: 2013 All Races and American Indians \/Alaska Natives All Races American Indians and Alaska Natives Crude birth rate per 1,000 population 12.4 10.3 Infant mortality per 1,000 live births, 2012 6.0 8.4 Respondent-reported prevalence percent of adults: Cancer\u2014all sites, 2012\u20132013, 18 years and over 5.9 4.3 Male death rates from suicide, all ages, age adjusted per 100,000 resident population, 2013 20.3 18.1 Male death rates from homicide, all ages, age adjusted per 100,000 resident population, 1999-2003 8.2 8.2 blank Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mental Illness \u2022 Ghost sickness \u2022 Preoccupation with death and a diseased person \u2022 Associated with witchcraft \u2022 Symptoms \u2013 Bad dreams \u2013 Weakness \u2013 Feelings of danger \u2013 Loss of appetite \u2013 Confusion Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Alcoholism \u2022 Consequences \u2013 Unintentional injuries \u2013 Chronic liver disease \u2013 Cirrhosis \u2013 Suicide \u2013 Homicide Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (1 of 2) \u2022 Abnormal browth \u2022 Central nervous system problems \u2013 Learning disabilities \u2013 Behavioral and\/or mental problems \u2013 Abnormal sleeping and eating patterns \u2022 Specific facial deformities \u2013 Smooth philtrum \u2013 Thin vermillion border \u2013 Small palpebral fissures Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (2 of 2) \u2022 70,000 babies born per year. \u2022 Many are American Indians. \u2022 Problem is increasing. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Domestic Violence \u2022 Physical assault by a husband, boyfriend, or some significant other \u2022 Subsequent episodes of abuse tend to get worse. \u2022 Traditionally, violence toward women was not practiced. \u2022 Presently, sanctions and protections against domestic violence have decreased. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Urban Problems \u2022 More than 70% of American Indians live in urban areas \u2022 High rates of: \u2013 Diphtheria \u2013 Tuberculosis \u2013 Otitis media with subsequent hearing defects \u2013 Alcohol abuse \u2013 Inadequate immunization \u2013 Mental health problems Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Indian Health Service (1 of 2) \u2022 Provides a comprehensive health service delivery service delivery system for American Indians and Alaska Natives \u2013 Members of the 566 federally recognized tribes \u2022 Divided into 12 physical areas of the United States \u2022 Eligibility Limitations \u2022 Interfaces with the Affordable Care Act Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Indian Health Service (2 of 2) Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Available Services \u2022 Tribal health \u2013 Direct services for physical and mental health \u2022 Law enforcement \u2013 Police protection may be necessary. \u2022 Legal assistance \u2013 Assistance for immediate shelter and emergency food and transportation Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The 10 Leading Causes of Death for American Indians and Alaska Natives and for All Persons, 2013 American Indians and Alaska Natives All Persons 1. Diseases of heart 2. Malignant neoplasms 3. Unintentional injuries 4. Diabetes mellitus 5. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 6. Chronic lower respiratory disease 7. Cerebrovascular diseases 8. Suicide 9. Influenza and pneumonia 10. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis 1. Diseases of heart 2. Malignant neoplasms 3. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 4. Unintentional injuries 5. Cerebrovascular diseases 6. Alzheimer\u2019s disease 7. Diabetes mellitus 8. Influenza and pneumonia 9. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis 10. Suicide Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cultural Problems \u2022 Indians \u2013 Suffer disease when they come into contact with the White health care provider. \u2013 Are victims of haphazard care and disrespectful treatment. \u2013 Have conflict between person\u2019s perception of illness and what physician diagnoses. \u2013 Dislike long appointment waits. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Communication Problems \u2022 Provider Must be aware of: \u2013 Importance of non-verbal communication. \u2013 Expectation to deduce the problem. \u2013 Avoiding extensive questioning. \u25aa Seen as invasive \u2013 Need for quiet conversation. \u2013 Notetaking taboo. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Copyright Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cultural Diversity in Health and Illness Ninth Edition Chapter 10 Health and Illness in the Asian Population Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 10-1 Amulet \u2013 Hung in the Home or Workplace to Maintain Balance in the Space and Bring Good Luck and Health to the People Living or Working There Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 10-2 Dragon \u2013 Appears on January 1, the Chinese New Year, and Other Festive Occasions; Brings Physical as Well as Spiritual Health and Strength, Luck, and Prosperity, and Happiness Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 10-3 Smiling Buddha \u2013 a Powerful Spiritual Symbol for a Shrine Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 10.1 Discuss the historical and demographic background of the Asian American population. 10.2 Describe the traditional definitions of health and illness of the Asian American population. 10.3 Explain the traditional methods of healing of the Asian American population. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (2 of 2) 10.4 Describe the practice of a traditional healer. 10.5 Summarize current healthcare problems of the Asian American population. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Demographic Overview: Census 2014 Estimates \u2022 18.9 million people \u2022 5.3% U. S. Population \u2022 Asian \u2013 A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent \u2013 Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam \u2013 Hawaii, 60.9% Asian Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Background \u2022 Chinese immigration began over 150 years ago \u2013 Laborers \u25aa Met the needs of the dominant society \u2013 Mainly men \u2022 Discrimination \u2013 Did not have the same culture, language, habits of whites \u2022 Close knit communities \u2013 Chinatown Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Asian Religions\u2019 Teachings (1 of 2) \u2022 Buddhism \u2013 Harmony\/nonconfrontation (silence as a virtue) \u2013 Respect for life \u2013 Individualism is devalued. \u2022 Confucianism \u2013 Achievement of harmony through observing the five basic hierarchical roles and relationships of society, and importance of family. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Asian Religions\u2019 Teachings (2 of 2) \u2022 Taoism \u2013 Harmony between humans and nature \u2013 Charity \u2013 Happiness \u2013 Long life Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Health \u2022 A state of spiritual and physical harmony with nature \u2013 In ancient China, the task of the physician was to prevent illness. \u2022 Foundation rests in the religion and philosophy of Taoism. \u2022 Harmonious balance \u2013 Balance of Yin and Yang Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Holistic Concepts 1. A human body is regarded as an integral organism, with special emphasis on the harmonic and integral interrelationship between the viscera and the superficial structures. 2. Special attention is paid to the integration of the human body with the external environment. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Yin and Yang (1 of 2) \u2022 Female \u2013 Negative energy \u2013 Forces of darkness, cold, and emptiness \u2022 Male \u2013 Positive energy \u2013 Produces light, warmth, and fullness Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Yin and Yang (2 of 2) \u2022 Inside of body \u2022 Front of body \u2022 Gallbladder, stomach, large and small intestines, bladder \u2022 Diseases of winter and spring \u2022 Surface of body \u2022 Back of body \u2022 Liver, heart, spleen, lungs and kidney \u2022 Diseases of summer and fall Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Illness \u2022 Disharmony of yin and yang \u2022 Disturbances of vital energy and blood \u2022 Malfunctioning of the visera Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Selected Causes of Illness \u2022 Upset in the balance of yin and yang \u2022 Weather \u2013 Heat \u2013 injures heart \u2013 Cold \u2013 injures lungs \u2022 Overexertion \u2022 Prolonged sitting \u2022 Prolonged lying in bed Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Types of Diagnosis (1 of 2) \u2022 Inspection \u2013 Glossoscopy \u25aa Examine tounge \u2013 Osphretics \u25aa Listen and smell \u2013 Anamnesis \u25aa Ask questions Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Types of Diagnosis (2 of 2) \u2022 Palpitation \u2013 Sphygmopalpitation \u25aa Feel the pulses \u2013 Pulse \u25aa \u201cStorehouse of the blood\u201d \u25aa Six different pulses in each hand Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Chinese Medicine (1 of 2) \u2022 Emperor Shen Nung \u2013 Died 2697 BC \u2013 \u201cRed Emperor\u201d \u2013 Studied herbs \u2013 poisons and antidotes Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Chinese Medicine (2 of 2) \u2022 Huang-ti \u2013 Ruled 2697 to 2595 BC \u2013 \u201cYellow Emperor\u201d \u2013 Studied medicine \u2013 Wrote the Nei Ching \u25aa Characteristics and realm of Chinese medicine Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Health Maintenance and Restoration \u2022 Diet \u2022 Amulets \u2022 Folk Diseases Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Traditional Health Restoration \u2022 Acupuncture \u2013 Puncture body\u2019s meridians with small needles to treat symptoms \u2022 Moxibustion \u2013 Heat pulverized wood and pass above the skin \u2022 Cupping \u2013 Remove cold and damp \u201cevils\u201d from the body \u2022 Herbals \u2013 Many remedies available Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Accupuncture \u2022 Ancient practice of puncturing the body to cure disease or relieve pain \u2022 Earliest use \u2013 106 BC to 200 AD \u2022 Needles inserted in specific meridians \u2022 Generally considered safe Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Other Modalities \u2022 Moxibustion \u2013 Heat is applied to the meridians using mugwart and holding over the skin. \u2022 Bleeding \u2013 Use of leeches to remove heat from the body \u2022 Massage, Tui Na \u2013 \u201cPushing and pulling\u201d complex system of massage used in orthopedics Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cupping (1 of 2) Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cupping (2 of 2) Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Traditional Herbal Remedies Remedy Illness Deer Antlers Weak bones Lime calcium Clear excessive mucus Quicksilver Venereal diseases Rhinoceros horns Antitoxin for snake bites Turtle shells Remove gallstones Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Ginseng (1 of 2) \u2022 Derived from the root of a plant that resembles a man \u2022 Uses: \u2013 To stimulate digestion \u25aa Rub ginseng to a powder, mix with the white of an egg, and take three times per day. \u2013 As a sedative \u25aa Prepare a light broth of ginseng and bamboo leaves. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Ginseng (2 of 2) \u2022 Uses: \u2013 For faintness after childbirth \u25aa Administer a strong brew of ginseng several times a day. \u2013 As a restorative for frail children \u25aa Give a dash of raw, minced ginseng several times per day. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Chinese Pharmacy (1 of 2) Figure 10-5A Interior of a Chinese pharmacy; herbal prescription on counter. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Chinese Pharmacy (2 of 2) Figure 10-5B Weighing herbs for a prescription. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Healers \u2022 Chinese Doctor \u2013 Highly educated in traditional diagnosis and therapy \u2022 Herbalist \u2013 Asian pharmacy \u25aa Over the counter medications \u25aa Prescription \u25aa Preparation Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Ayurvedic Medicine \u2022 The science of life \u2022 Originated in India 3,000+ years ago \u2022 Holistic \u2013 Integrates body, mind, and spirit \u2022 People, health, and the universe are related \u2022 Food and diet important components \u2022 Main system of health care in India \u2022 Variations in Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Tibet Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Comparison of Selected Health Status Indicators: 2013 All Races and Asian or Pacific Island Blank All Races Asian or Pacific Island Crude birth rate per 1,000 population 12.4 14.3 Infant mortality per 1,000 live births, 2012 6.0 4.1 Respondent-reported prevalence percent of adults: Cancer\u2014all sites, 2012\u20132013, 18 years and over 5.9 3.4 Male death rates from suicide, all ages, age adjusted per 100,000 resident population, 2013 20.3 9.1 Male death rates from homicide, all ages, age adjusted per 100,000 resident population, 1999-2003 8.2 2.3 Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cultural Problems \u2022 Language difficulties \u2022 Adherence to traditional practices \u2022 Upset by blood drawing \u2013 Believe blood is not replaced \u2022 Institutional food Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Communication Problems \u2022 Provider Must be aware of: \u2013 Importance of non-verbal communication \u2013 Use of interpreters who speak the native language and dialect of patient \u2013 Meaning of non-commital silence \u2013 Infrequent revelation of pain Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mortality: 2013 (1 of 4) Asian or Pacific Islander 1. Malignant neoplasms 2. Diseases of the heart 3. Cerebrovascular disease 4. Unintentional injuries 5. Diabetes mellitus Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mortality: 2013 (2 of 4) 6. Influenza and pneumonia 7. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 8. Alzheimer\u2019s disease 9. Nephritis, nephroitic syndrome, and nephrosis 10. Suicide Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mortality: 2013 (3 of 4) All persons 1. Diseases of the Heart 2. Malignant neoplasms 3. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 4. Unintentional injuries 5. Cerebrovascular disease Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mortality: 2013 (4 of 4) 6. Alzheimer\u2019s disease 7. Diabetes mellitus 8. Influenza and pneumonia 9. Nephritis, nephroitic syndrome and nephrosis 10.Suicide Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Copyright Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cultural Diversity in Health and Illness Ninth Edition Chapter 11 Health and Illness in the Black Population Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 11-1 African Amulet \u2013 May Be Worn for Health Protection Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 11-2 Islamic Amulet \u2013 May Be Worn in a Satchel as a Necklace or Carried in a Pocket or Purse for Health Protection Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 11-3 St. George Beth El Church in Flint, Michigan. The Sign over the Door Proclaims, “The Church Where Everybody Is Somebody.” Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 11.1 Discuss the historical and demographic backgrounds of the Black or African American population. 11.2 Describe the traditional definitions of Health and Illness of the Black or African American population. 11.3 Explain the traditional methods of Healing of the Black or African American population. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (2 of 2) 11.4 Describe the practice of a traditional Healer. 11.5 Analyze current healthcare problems of the Black or African American population. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Demographic Overview: Census 2014 Estimates (1 of 2) \u2022 44.5 million people \u2022 13.2% U.S. population Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Demographic Overview: Census 2014 Estimates (2 of 2) \u2022 Black or African American \u2013 Refers to a person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa \u2013 Includes people who indicated their race(s) as \u201cBlack, African American, or Negro\u201d or reported entries such as African American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Historical Overview \u2022 Black or African American people entered this country a year earlier than the Pilgrims, in 1619. \u2022 Majority descend from people who were brought here as slaves from the west coast of Africa during the 17th century. \u2022 Black or African American people have been living in the United States for many generations. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Highlights: Civil Rights Movement \u2022 1954 \u2013 Brown v. Board of Education \u2022 1957 \u2013 Little Rock, Arkansas integrated \u2013 Central High School \u2022 1962 \u2013 Civil Rights movement organized \u2022 1964 \u2013 Civil Rights Act passed \u2022 1968 \u2013 Dr. M.L. King assassinated \u2022 2007 \u2013 Efforts to strike down Brown v. Board of Education \u2022 2013 \u2013 Voting Rights Act (1965) under fire Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 11\u20134 Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Health and Illness \u2022 Health \u2013 All things influence one another \u2013 Harmony with nature \u2013 Do not separate body, mind, and spirit \u2022 Illness \u2013 State of disharmony Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Maintain Health \u2022 Proper diet \u2022 Hot breakfast \u2022 Rest \u2022 Clean environment \u2022 Laxatives \u2013 Keep bowels open Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Protect Health (1 of 2) \u2022 Asafetida \u2013 Worn around neck \u2013 Prevents contagious disease \u2022 Cod liver oil \u2013 Prevent colds Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Protect Health (2 of 2) \u2022 Sulfur and molasses \u2013 Prevent illness in the spring \u2022 Bangles \u2013 Bracelets (copper or silver) worn to protect from harm Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Restore Health (1 of 2) \u2022 Sugar and turpentine \u2013 Get rid of worms \u2022 Poultices \u2013 Fight infection \u2022 Herbs and Herbal Teas Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Restore Health (2 of 2) \u2022 Hot water and honey \u2013 Colds \u2022 Raw onions on feet \u2013 Treat a fever Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Traditional Herbal Remedies Remedy Illness Hot camphor oil Congestion Lemon water with honey Treat colds Poultices Fight inflammation Salt Pork Treat cuts and wounds Sugar and turpentine Get rid of worms Sour milk Cuts Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Traditional Methods of Health (1 of 2) \u2022 Voodoo \u2013 Arrived in North America in 1724 \u2013 1850 \u2013 Height in New Orleans \u2013 Practiced by some people today Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Traditional Methods of Health (2 of 2) \u2022 Gris-gris \u2013 Good gris-gris \u25aa Pleasantly scented powders and oils \u25aa Many colors and positive uses \u2013 Bad gris-gris \u25aa Vile odors \u25aa Used for negative reasons Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Candles (1 of 3) \u2022 White \u2013 Symbolizes peace \u2022 Red \u2013 Victory \u2022 Pink \u2013 Love Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Candles (2 of 3) \u2022 Yellow \u2013 Driving off enemies \u2022 Brown \u2013 Attracting money \u2022 Black \u2013 Bring bad luck Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Candles (3 of 3) Figure 11-5 Voodoo candles Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Saints with Powers Saint Michael Conquest of enemies Saint Anthony de Padua Brings luck Saint Mary Magdalene Popular with women in love Virgin Mary Presence in the home prevents illness Sacred Heart of Jesus Cures organic illness Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Healers \u2022 Many believe in the power of some people to heal \u2022 Religious practices \u2013 Pentecostal Movement \u2022 Voodoo \u2013 Root Worker Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Black Muslims \u2022 About 5.5 million adherents \u2013 Person is \u201cwhat he or she eats\u201d. \u25aa Follow Islamic dietary restrictions. \u2013 No pork products \u2013 Pray 5 times per day. \u2013 Fast of Ramadan \u2013 Modesty \u2013 Self-help and assist in uplifting each other Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mental Health (1 of 2) \u2022 Bouf\u00e9e delirante \u2013 The sudden outburst of agitated and aggressive behavior, confusion, or occasional hallucinations \u2013 Africa and Haiti \u2022 Falling-Out \u2013 Sudden collapse without warning \u2013 Southern U.S. and Caribbean Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mental Health (2 of 2) \u2022 Zar \u2013 Person is possessed by a spirit and may shout, weep, laugh, hit his or her head against the wall, or sing. \u2013 North African countries \u2022 Brain Fog \u2013 Physical and mental exhaustion, difficulty concentrating, memory loss, irritability, and sleeping and appetite problems \u2013 West Africa Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Physiological Assessment Pallor Absence of underlying red tones Erythema Assess skin with fingertips Cyanosis Inspect lips, tongue, palms of hands Ecchymosis Swelling of skin surface Jaundice Sclera – yellow discoloration Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Comparison of Selected Health Status Indicators: 2013 All Races and Black or African American Blank All Races Black or African American Crude birth rate per 1,000 population by race of mother, 2013 12.4 14.5 Infant mortality per 1,000 live births, 2012 6.0 10.9 Respondent \u2013reported prevalence of cancer\u2014 all sites, 2010-2013, 18 years and over 5.9 4.8 Male death rates from suicide, all ages, age adjusted per 100,000 resident population, 2013 20.3 9.3 Male death rates from homicide, all ages, age 8.2 adjusted per 100,000 resident population, 19992003 31.6 Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Sickle-Cell Anemia (1 of 3) \u2022 Red blood cells sickle \u2013 Genetically inherited trait \u2013 Hypothesis of African adaptation to fight malaria \u2022 Results \u2013 Hemolysis and thrombosis of red blood cells Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Sickle-Cell Anemia (2 of 3) \u2022 Comprises the following blood characteristics: 1. Presence of two hemoglobin-S genes (Hb SS) 2. Presence of the hemoglobin-S gene with another abnormal hemoglobin gene (Hb SC, Hb SD, etc.) 3. Presence of the hemoglobin-S gene with a differentabnormality in hemoglobin synthesis Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Sickle-Cell Anemia (3 of 3) \u2022 Manifestations \u2013 Hemolysis \u2013 Anemia \u2013 States of sickle-cell crises \u2013 Severe pain in the areas of body where the thrombosed red cells are located \u2013 The cells also tend to clump in abdominal organs, such as the liver and the spleen. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Culture-Bound Mental Illness \u2022 Rootwork \u2013 Generalized anxiety related to hexing \u2022 Falling-out \u2013 Sudden collapse \u2022 Bouf\u00e9e delirante \u2013 Sudden agitated and aggressive behavior \u2022 Spell \u2013 Trance state Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mortality: 2014 (1 of 4) Black or African American 1. Diseases of the heart 2. Malignant neoplasms 3. Cerebrovascular disease 4. Unintentional injuries 5. Diabetes mellitus Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mortality: 2014 (2 of 4) 6. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 7. Nephritis, nephroitic syndrome, and nephrosis 8. Homicide 9. Septicemia 10.Alzheimer\u2019s disease Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mortality: 2014 (3 of 4) All persons 1. Diseases of the Heart 2. Malignant neoplasms 3. Cerebrovascular disease 4. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 5. Unintentional injuries Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mortality: 2014 (4 of 4) 6. Alzheimer\u2019s disease 7. Diabetes mellitus 8. Influenza and pneumonia 9. Nephritis, nephroitic syndrome and nephrosis 10.Septicemia Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Copyright Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cultural Diversity in Health and Illness Ninth Edition Chapter 12 Health and Illness in the Hispanic Populations Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 12-1 Jet Stones \u2013 Worn as a Necklace for Protection from the Evil Eye or Envy Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 12-2 Small Packet of Seeds, Amulets, and a Mano Milagroso \u2013 Carried in a Purse or Pocket for Protection Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 12-3 Santo Nino \u2013 the Holy Child, Dressed in a Healthcare Provider’s White Uniform and Wearing a Stethoscope Placed in Home or Work Place for Protection Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 12.1 Discuss the historical and demographic backgrounds of the Hispanic American population. 12.2 Describe the traditional definitions of health and illness of the Hispanic American population. 12.3 Explain the traditional methods of healing of the Hispanic American population. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives (2 of 2) 12.4 Describe the practice of a traditional healer. 12.5 Summarize current healthcare problems of the Hispanic American population. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Demographic Overview: Census 2014 Estimates (1 of 2) \u2022 Largest emerging majority population \u2022 17.3% of U. S. Population Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Demographic Overview: Census 2014 Estimates (2 of 2) \u2022 Hispanic or Latino \u2013 Refers to a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Demographic Profile 2013 \u2022 More than 50% growth in U.S. population between 20002013 was due to Hispanic population \u2022 Largest populations \u2013 California \u2013 New Mexico \u2013 Texas along the Mexican border \u2022 Mexican origin \u2013 63% of the Hispanic population Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The \u201cFence\u201d along the US\/Mexico Border \u2022 The \u201cfence\u201d built to \u201cprotect\u201d the United States from people who cross the border seeking work. \u2022 Structure 16 feet high and topped with barbed wire. \u2022 People are able to \u201cjump\u201d the fence. \u2022 It abuts yards of homes in Mexico. \u2022 Planned to cover the 2,000 miles of the U.S.\/Mexico border. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved U.S.\/Mexico Border Figure 12.4 The fence along the U.S.-Mexico border; Mexico is on the right side. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Health (1 of 2) \u2022 Result of good luck \u2022 Reward for good behavior \u2022 Gift from God Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Health (2 of 2) \u2022 Balance of the four humors \u2013 Blood \u25aa Hot and wet \u2013 Yellow bile \u25aa Hot and dry \u2013 Phlegm \u25aa Cold and wet \u2013 Black bile \u25aa Cold and dry Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Illness \u2022 Imbalance in a person\u2019s body \u2013 Imbalance between \u201chot\u201d and \u201ccold\u201d or \u201cwet\u201d and \u201cdry\u201d \u2022 Punishment meted out for wrongdoing. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Illness Causes \u2022 Body\u2019s imbalance in the four humors \u2022 Dislocation of parts of the body \u2022 Magic or supernatural causes outside the body \u2022 Strong emotional states \u2022 Envidia \u2013 Envy Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Imbalance in the Four Humors (1 of 2) 1. Blood, hot and wet 2. Yellow bile, hot and dry 3. Phlegm, cold and wet 4. Black bile, cold and dry Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Imbalance in the Four Humors (2 of 2) \u2022 Hot illness treated with a “cold” substance. \u2022 Cold illness with a “hot” substance. \u2013 Not physical measurable temperature Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Dislocation of Body Parts \u2022 Empacho \u2013 Believed to be caused by a ball of food clinging to the wall of the stomach. \u2022 Caida de la mollera (fallen fontanel) \u2013 A more serious illness \u2013 Occurs in dehydrated infants and young children younger than 1 year old \u2013 Anterior fontanel is depressed below the contour of the skull. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Magic or Supernatural Causes \u2022 Outside the body \u2022 Witchcraft or possession \u2013 Brujas (witches) \u25aa Use malevolent forces \u25aa Cast spells \u2013 Mal Ojo \u25aa \u201cBad eye\u201d \u25aa May result from excessive admiration by another person Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Strong Emotional States \u2022 Susto \u2013 Illness arising from fright \u2013 Involves soul loss \u2013 Soul is able to leave the body and wander. \u25aa While dreaming \u25aa After a traumatic event Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Envidia \u2022 \u201cTo succeed is to fail\u201d \u2022 Envy of friends or neighbors leads to misfortune. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Religious Rituals \u2022 Making promises \u2013 A promesa may be made to God or to a saint for recovery from an illness. \u2022 Visiting shrines \u2013 Pilgrimages to shrines \u2022 Offering medals and lighting candles \u2013 Pinning small medals on saints \u2022 Offering prayers \u2013 At home, in churches, in shrines Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Yerberia (1 of 3) Figure 12-5 A traditional community resource Yerberia in Mission, Texas. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Yerberia (2 of 3) Figure 12-6 Samples of amulets sold in Sr. Garcia\u2019s Yerberia. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved An Yerberia (3 of 3) Figure 12-7 Samples of candles sold in Sr. Garcia\u2019s Yerberia. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Protect Health \u2022 Eat proper foods. \u2022 Work the proper amount of time. \u2022 Prayer \u2022 Wear religious medals and amulets. \u2022 Keep relics in the home. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Restore Health \u2022 Herbal remedies \u2022 Limpias \u2022 Religious rituals Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Retalbo Figure 12-8 A retalbo that depicts a person praying to the Virgin of San Juan de la Valle for the healing of a loved one. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Alter in El Santuario de Chimayo Figure 12-9 An altar in El Santuario de Chinmayo, in Chinmayo, New Mexico. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Traditional Healers \u2022 Curandero\/a \u2022 Materia \u2022 Partera \u2022 Herbalista Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Milagros (1 of 2) Figure 12-10 Milagros. This photograph is an example of the assortment of various miniature articles that may be purchased for the nominal cost of $1.00 in botanicas or in a marketplace from traditional people. In this image are crutches, a head, a woman, children and a baby, an arm, a leg, eyes, breasts, a torso, a heart, a car, a horse, a key, a whisky bottle, and others. When a person is experiencing a problem with one of these anatomical areas or objects, he or she may pray for recovery; make a promesa to a saint; and when the person\u2019s prayer is answered, take the milagro to a church and place it near the saint the person prayed to. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Milagros (2 of 2) Figure 12-11 Milagros placed at the Shrine of Saint Anthony in the Church of the Sacred Heart of Mary in San Antonio, Texas. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Curandero\/a 1. \u201cBorn\u201d to heal \u2022 Known from the moment of cuandero\u2019s birth that something is unique about this person and destined to be a healer. 2. Learn by apprenticeship \u2022 Person is taught the ways of healing, especially the use of herbs. 3. \u201cCalling\u201d through a dream, trance, or vision \u2022 Contact is made with the supernatural. 4. The \u201ccall\u201d comes either during adolescence or during the midlife crises. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Partera (1 of 2) \u2022 Lay midwife \u2013 Giving advice to the pregnant woman \u2013 Giving physical aid, such as treating any illness the woman may experience during pregnancy \u2013 Guiding the woman through her pregnancy in terms of nutrition or activities she can and cannot do \u2013 Being in attendance during labor and delivery Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Partera (2 of 2) Figure 12-12 Sign for a partera Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Comparison: Traditional\u2013Modern Caregiver (1 of 2) \u2022 Traditional \u2013 Informal \u2013 Home visits \u2013 Consults family \u2013 Less expensive \u2013 Attentive to spiritual needs \u2013 Shares patients world-view Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Comparison: Traditional\u2013Modern Caregiver (2 of 2) \u2022 Modern \u2013 Businesslike \u2013 Patient visits setting \u2013 May ignore family \u2013 Costly \u2013 Secular care \u25aa Little regard for patient\u2019s religion \u2013 Does not share patient\u2019s world Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mental Health \u2022 Mental Illness \u2013 Epilepsy \u2013 Mal Ojo (evil eye) \u2022 Moral Illness \u2013 Vice \u2013 Emotions Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Traditional Herbal Remedies Remedy Illness Manzanilla \u2013 Chamomile Fright \u2013 Susto Yerba Buena spearmint Nervousness Te de narranjo \u2013 Orange leaves Albacor \u2013 Sweet basil Nervousness Fright \u2013 Susto Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Santeria (1 of 2) \u2022 Afro-Caribbean magic and Health practices \u2022 Traditional Healer is a santero. \u2022 Catholic saints, who have African names and are known as protectors, protecciones Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Santeria (2 of 2) \u2022 Several folk ailments \u2013 Mal ojo \u25aa Prevent with amulets \u2013 Empacho \u25aa Treated by massage \u2013 Fatigue \u25aa Asthma-like symptoms Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Orishas, Saints and Health Orisha Saint Health Problem Chango Saint Barbara Violent death Ifa Saint Anthony Fertility Obatala Crucified Christ Heals bronchitis Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Comparison Of Selected Health Status Indicators: 2013 All Races And Hispanic Americans (1 of 2) blank All Races Hispanic Americans Crude birth rate per 1,000 population by race of mother, 2013 12.4 16.7 Infant mortality per 1,000 live births, 2012 6.0 5.1 Respondent \u2013reported prevalence of cancer\u2014all sites, 2010-2013, 18 years and over 5.9 3.6 Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Comparison Of Selected Health Status Indicators: 2013 All Races And Hispanic Americans (2 of 2) blank All Races Hispanic Americans Male death rates from suicide, all ages, age adjusted per 100,000 resident population, 2013 20.3 9.3 Male death rates from homicide, all ages, age adjusted per 100,000 resident population, 1999-2003 8.2 7.3 Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mortality: 2014 (1 of 4) Hispanic or Latino 1. Malignant neoplasms 2. Diseases of the heart 3. Unintentional injuries 4. Cerebrovascular disease 5. Diabetes mellitus Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mortality: 2014 (2 of 4) 6. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 7. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 8. Alzheimer\u2019s disease 9. Influenza and pneumonia 10.Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mortality: 2014 (3 of 4) All persons 1. Diseases of the Heart 2. Malignant neoplasms 3. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 4. Unintentional injuries 5. Cerebrovascular disease Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mortality: 2014 (4 of 4) 6. Alzheimer\u2019s disease 7. Diabetes mellitus 8. Influenza and pneumonia 9. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis 10.Suicide Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Barriers to Health Care \u2022 Language \u2022 Poverty \u2013 High incidences \u25aa Tuberculosis, malnutrition, cancer, lead poisoning \u2013 Migrant farmworkers \u25aa Occupational hazards \u2022 Time orientation Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Copyright Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cultural Diversity in Health and Illness Ninth Edition Chapter 13 Health and Illness in the White Population Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Labour to keep alive in your Breast that Little Spark of Celestial Fire Called Conscience. \u2014George Washington, in J. Needleman (2003) Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 13-1 Magentropfen \u2013 a Common German Herbal Preparation to Treat Nausea Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 13-2 Mosaic Icon \u2013 The Virgin of Czestochowa, Poland, Believed to Bring Healing and Other Miracles Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 13-3 Saint Anthony of Padua \u2013 The Patron Saint of Finding Lost Things or People Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives 13.1 Discuss the historical and demographic backgrounds of selected populations within the White non-Hispanic population. 13.2 Compare and contrast the traditional definitions of Health and Illness of selected populations within the White non-Hispanic population. 13.3 Discuss the traditional methods of Healing of selected populations within the White non-Hispanic population. 13.4 Describe current health status and problems of the White non-Hispanic population. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Demographic Overview: Census 2013 Estimates (1 of 2) \u2022 318.9 million people \u2022 77.4% White \u2013 62.1% White alone Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Demographic Overview: Census 2013 Estimates (2 of 2) \u2022 White \u2013 Refers to a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. It includes people who indicated their race(s) as \u201cWhite\u201d or reported entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Arab, Moroccan, or Caucasian. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved European Ancestry: 2013 Ancestry German Irish English Italian Polish French (except Basque) Scottish Number in millions 47.7 34.6 25.8 17.4 9.6 8.7 5.5 Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved German Americans \u2022 Since 1830, more than 7 million Germans have immigrated to the United States. \u2022 Largest ancestry population in the United States. \u2022 California, Texas, and Pennsylvania have the largest German populations. \u2022 Introduced first kindergartens Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Health: German Americans \u2022 A state of well being physically and emotionally \u2022 Ability to do your duty \u2022 Positive energy to do things \u2022 Ability to do, think, and act the way you would like \u2022 Enjoy life Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Illness: German Americans \u2022 The absence of well-being \u2022 Pain \u2022 Malfunction of body organs \u2022 Not being able to do what you want \u2022 Disorder of body \u2022 Imbalance Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Selected Causes of Illness: German American \u2022 Most people \u2013 \u201cGerm Theory\u201d \u2022 Stress \u2022 Drafts \u2022 Environmental changes \u2022 Belief in the \u201cevil eye\u201d \u2022 God\u2019s punishment Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Symptoms and Traditional Remedies: German American Constipation Castor oil, Black draught Cold Olbas oil from Germany Congestion Goose fat rub on chest Earache Warm oil in ear Sore throat Chicken soup Puncture wound Soak in kerosene Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Polish Americans \u2022 First arrived in 1608 in Jamestown, Virginia. \u2022 Over 9.5 million people claim Polish ancestry. \u2022 Polish people shared problems as a community. \u2022 Major influx 1870 to 1913 Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Health: Polish Americans \u2022 Feeling ok as a whole \u2013 Body, spirit \u2022 Happy \u2022 Active \u2022 Able to work \u2022 Good to everybody \u2022 Never cross Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Illness: Polish Americans \u2022 Nothing wrong with body, mind, or spirit \u2022 Not able to work \u2022 Not active \u2022 Feeling bad Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Maintain Health: Polish American \u2022 Maintain a happy home \u2022 Being kind \u2022 Walking \u2022 Exercise Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Symptoms and Traditional Remedies: Polish American Cold Flaxseed poultice Colic and cramps Peppermint tea Constipation Senna-leaf tea Cough \u201cGugel Mugel\u201d concoction with whisky, milk, and butter Indigestion Spearmint tea Kidney problems Swamp Root Puncture wounds Salt pork Scratches Spider webs Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Swamp Root Figure 13-4 Swamp root. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Italian Americans \u2022 Over 17.4% of the population claims Italian ancestry. \u2022 Country named for an Italian \u2013 Amerigo Vespucci. \u2022 Between 1820-1990, over 5 million people immigrated from Italy. \u2022 The family is the main tie. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Health: Italian Americans \u2022 Old Beliefs \u2022 Congenital abnormalities can be attributed to the unsatisfied desire for food during pregnancy. \u2022 If a woman is not given food that she smells, the fetus will move inside, and a miscarriage will result. \u2022 If a pregnant woman bends or turns or moves in a certain way, the fetus may not develop normally. \u2022 A woman must not reach during pregnancy because reaching can harm the fetus. Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Illness: Italian Americans \u2022 Traditional Causes 1. Winds and currents that bear diseases 2. Contagion or contamination 3. Heredity 4. Supernatural or human causes 5. Psychosomatic interactions Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Health-Related Problems: Italian Americans \u2022 Two genetic diseases commonly seen among Italians \u2013 Favism \u25aa A severe hemolytic anemia caused by deficiency of the X-linked enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and triggered by the eating of fava beans \u2013 Thalassemia syndromes \u25aa Hemolytic anemias \u2013 Alpha-thalassemia \u2013 Beta-thalassemia (Cooley\u2019s Anemia) Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Comparison of Selected Health Status Indicators: 2013 All Races and White Health Indicator All Races White only Crude birth rate per 1,000 population by race of mother, 2013 12.4 12.0 Infant mortality per 1,000 live births, 2012 6.0 5.1 Respondent\u2013reported prevalence of cancer\u2014 all sites, 2010-2013, 18 years and over 5.9 6.2 Male death rates from suicide, all ages, age adjusted per 100,000 resident population, 2013 20.3 22.6 Male death rates from homicide, all ages, age adjusted per 100,000 resident population, 1999-2003 8.2 4.4 Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mortality: 2014 (1 of 4) White alone 1. Diseases of the heart 2. Malignant neoplasms 3. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 4. Unintentional injuries 5. Cerebrovascular disease Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mortality: 2014 (2 of 4) 6. Alzheimer\u2019s disease 7. Diabetes mellitus 8. Influenza and pneumonia 9. Nephritis, nephroitic syndrome and nephrosis 10. Suicide Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mortality: 2014 (3 of 4) All persons 1. Diseases of the heart 2. Malignant neoplasms 3. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 4. Unintentional injuries 5. Cerebrovascular disease Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mortality: 2014 (4 of 4) 6. Alzheimer\u2019s disease 7. Diabetes mellitus 8. Influenza and pneumonia 9. Nephritis, nephroitic syndrome and nephrosis 10. Suicide Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Copyright Copyright \u00a9 2017, 2013, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Imagine you are planning a health intervention for a certain group. Imagine you are planning a health intervention for a certain group. Description Imagine you are planning a health intervention for a certain group. The first step is to know your intended audience.\u00a0 Skim through Spector (2017) chapters 9-13, and select ONE racial\/ethnic group, which […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nursing-papers"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"yoast_head":"\n
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