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Psychotherapy is a broad term that defines the use of verbal and psychological techniques as interventions for mental disorders<\/a>. Psychotherapy facilitates behavior change, enhances happiness, and enables one to overcome problems. Psychotherapy is considered to have a biological basis. Mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder are thought to result from abnormalities in brain adaptation and incomplete processing of traumatic events. Psychotherapeutic techniques such as trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy tend to extricate and repair these maladaptive and incomplete memories by impacting neural circuits and substituting them with positive and new coping strategies (Javanbakht & Alberini, 2019). According to Javanbakht and Alberini (2019), psychotherapy has a complex biological foundation that does not target a single neuron, receptor, modulator, or neurotransmitter but is directed into the entire biological regulations that underlie complex brain responses. Finally, psychotherapy is associated with structural changes in the brain. For instance, a systematic review by Manthey et al. (2021) demonstrated an increase in the activation of the medial prefrontal cortex and rostral anterior cingulate cortex following successful trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with PTSD. The subsequent sections will explore the impact of culture, religion, and socioeconomic status on psychotherapy and the variations in legal and ethical considerations<\/a> in psychotherapy.<\/p>\n Culture, religion, and socioeconomic status impact an individual\u2019s perspective on the value of psychotherapy. Cultural beliefs impact both health-seeking behavior and perception of psychotherapy. For instance, in some cultures, mental illness is considered a curse and is associated with considerable stigmatization (Charzy\u0144ska & Heszen-Celi\u0144ska, 2020). In such communities, individuals may shun seeking appropriate psychotherapy and resolve to other complementary and alternative forms of treatment such as divine interventions. Similarly, religious beliefs influence health-seeking behavior and choice of treatment. For instance, Muslims, Christians, and Hindus who believe that God is the ultimate healer may opt for prayers rather than psychotherapy for their healing (Charzy\u0144ska & Heszen-Celi\u0144ska, 2020). Finally, socioeconomic status may impact access to psychotherapy. For instance, individuals from low socioeconomic status less often seek psychotherapy probably due to cost concerns as well as a lack of understanding of the benefits and efficacy of psychotherapy.<\/p>\n Ethical and legal considerations of psychotherapy vary significantly between the individual, group, and family therapy which impacts therapeutic approaches. For instance, informed consent is ordinarily by an individual and a group in individual and group therapy respectively. Similarly, privacy and confidentiality are more with the individual than group or family therapy (Avasthi et al., 2022). Likewise, documentation, competency, and responsibilities of a therapist and therapeutic contracts also differ (Avasthi et al., 2022). For instance, a therapist working with individual documents and uses skills and knowledge tailored towards the individual while a therapist working with a group must be skilled and use appropriate knowledge that upholds the interests of the group over individual interests. Similarly, working with a group is quite challenging as sharing of the information may be hindered. Legally, issues of false memories, expert opinion, and professional negligence become more difficult to handle in a court of law concerning group therapy than individual therapy (Avasthi et al., 2022). Consequently, a therapist must establish a therapeutic relationship, be competent and responsible, and identify these variations to deliver the appropriate level of care.<\/p>\n Psychotherapy has a biological basis. Psychotherapy is a complex biological process that repairs maladaptive brain alterations using multiple neurons, receptors, neurotransmitters, and modulators. Culture, religion, and socioeconomic status influence access to psychotherapy. A therapist must recognize ethical and legal considerations to deliver appropriate psychotherapy. Finally, the resources used to reference are scholarly as they are peer-reviewed journal articles from recommended sources and have been published within the last five years.<\/p>\n Avasthi, A., Grover, S., & Nischal, A. (2022). Ethical and legal issues in psychotherapy.\u00a0Indian Journal of Psychiatry<\/em>,\u00a064<\/em>(Suppl 1), S47\u2013S61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_50_21<\/a><\/p>\n Charzy\u0144ska, E., & Heszen-Celi\u0144ska, I. (2020). Spirituality and mental health care in a religiously homogeneous country: Definitions, opinions, and practices among Polish mental health professionals.\u00a0Journal of Religion and Health<\/em>,\u00a059<\/em>(1), 113\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10943-019-00911-w<\/a><\/p>\n Javanbakht, A., & Alberini, C. M. (2019). Editorial: Neurobiological models of psychotherapy.\u00a0Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience<\/em>,\u00a013<\/em>, 144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00144<\/a><\/p>\n Manthey, A., Sierk, A., Brakemeier, E.-L., Walter, H., & Daniels, J. K. (2021). Does trauma-focused psychotherapy change the brain? A systematic review of neural correlates of therapeutic gains in PTSD.\u00a0European Journal of Psychotraumatology<\/em>,\u00a012<\/em>(1), 1929025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20008198.2021.1929025<\/a><\/p>\n Many studies have found that psychotherapy is as effective as psychopharmacology<\/a> in terms of influencing changes in behaviors,<\/p>\nCulture, Religion, and Socioeconomic Impact on the Value of Psychotherapy<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Legal and Ethical Considerations of Psychotherapy<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n
BIOLOGICAL BASIS AND ETHICAL\/LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY NRNP 6645 References<\/strong><\/h3>\n