https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.033.<\/a><\/p>\nHe, X. (Ed.). (2020).\u00a0Immunosuppression<\/em>. BoD\u2013Books on Demand.<\/p>\nA Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: WEEK 2 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS NURS 6501<\/strong><\/h2>\nTitle: <\/strong> WEEK 2 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS NURS 6501<\/strong><\/h2>\nThe Role Genetics Plays in the Disease<\/strong><\/h3>\nGenetics plays a significant role in the development of allergic reactions. Individuals with a family history of allergies are more likely to develop allergies themselves. Genetics play a role in determining how the immune system responds to environmental stimuli. The immune system may overreact and produce an allergic response to substances that are harmless to most individuals. Inherited genes contribute to the body’s immune system’s ability to recognize and react to allergens. In this case, the boy may have inherited a genetic predisposition to allergic reactions. It is also possible that he had previous exposure to amoxicillin or other penicillin-based antibiotics that led to the development of sensitization and an allergic response (McCance & Huether, 2019, p 1-41).<\/p>\n
Presenting Specific Symptoms<\/strong><\/h2>\nThe boy presented with a sore throat, which is a common symptom of streptococcal pharyngitis. However, upon physical examination, the boy also had enlarged tonsils with white exudate and positive cervical adenopathy, which suggested a diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis. The rapid strep test performed in the office confirmed the diagnosis. After taking the first dose of amoxicillin, the boy experienced swelling of his tongue and lips, difficulty breathing, and wheezing, which are symptoms of an anaphylactic allergic reaction (McCance & Huether, 2019, 191-226).<\/p>\n
The Physiologic Response to the Stimulus and why the Response Occurred<\/strong><\/h2>\nWhen the boy took the amoxicillin, his immune system recognized the drug as a foreign substance and mounted an immune response. Specifically, the drug binds to serum proteins, forming a hapten, which is recognized by T cells, leading to the activation of immune cells and the release of inflammatory mediators, including histamine. The histamine release caused vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and smooth muscle contraction, leading to the symptoms the boy experienced, such as swelling of his tongue and lips, difficulty breathing, and wheezing (McCance & Huether, 2019, p 1-41).<\/p>\n
The Cells Involved in this Process<\/strong><\/h2>\nIn response to the streptococcal infection, the immune system activated T cells, B cells, and macrophages. T cells and macrophages help to phagocytize the bacteria. B cells produce antibodies, specifically IgM and IgG, to help fight the infection. In response to the amoxicillin medication, mast cells and basophils were activated. Mast cells and basophils release histamine and other mediators, which cause the symptoms of anaphylaxis (McCance & Huether, 2019, 191-226).<\/p>\n
How Another Characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) Would Change the Response<\/strong><\/h2>\nGender can play a role in allergic reactions due to differences in the immune system between males and females. Research suggests that females may have a stronger immune response than males, leading to a higher incidence of autoimmune diseases and allergies. One theory is that estrogen may enhance immune responses while testosterone may suppress them. This may result in more severe allergic reactions in females. Additionally, females tend to have higher levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), an antibody that plays a crucial role in allergic reactions (Klein & Flanagan, 2016). High levels of IgE can increase the likelihood of developing an allergic reaction to a substance (Khan & Kumar, 2017). However, further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between gender and allergic reactions. If the boy had a family history of severe allergies or anaphylaxis, he may have been more predisposed to a severe reaction to amoxicillin.<\/p>\n
References:<\/strong><\/h2>\nKhan, A. M., & Kumar, V. (2017). Gender differences in environmental allergies: a review. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 119(3), 246-250. doi: 10.1016\/j.anai.2017.06.035<\/p>\n
Klein, S. L., & Flanagan, K. L. (2016). Sex differences in immune responses. Nature Reviews Immunology, 16(10), 626-638. doi: 10.1038\/nri.2016.90<\/p>\n
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby\/Elsevier.<\/p>\n
Grading Rubric<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPerformance Category<\/strong><\/td>\n100% or highest level of performance<\/strong><\/p>\n 100%<\/strong><\/p>\n16 points<\/strong><\/td>\nVery good or high level of performance<\/strong><\/p>\n 88%<\/strong><\/p>\n14 points<\/strong><\/td>\nAcceptable level of performance<\/strong><\/p>\n 81%<\/strong><\/p>\n13 points<\/strong><\/td>\nInadequate demonstration of expectations<\/strong><\/p>\n 68%<\/strong><\/p>\n11 points<\/strong><\/td>\nDeficient level of performance<\/strong><\/p>\n 56%<\/strong><\/p>\n9 points<\/strong><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nFailing level<\/strong><\/p>\n of performance<\/strong><\/p>\n55% or less<\/strong><\/p>\n0 points<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n\n\n\u00a0Total Points Possible= 50 <\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 16 Points<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0\u00a0 14 Points<\/strong><\/td>\n13 Points<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 11 Points<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 9 Points<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 0 Points<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nScholarliness<\/strong><\/p>\n Demonstrates achievement of scholarly inquiry for professional and academic topics.<\/td>\n Presentation of information was exceptional and included all<\/strong> of the following elements:<\/p>\n\n- Provides evidence of scholarly inquiry relevant to required TD topic(s).<\/li>\n
- Presents specific information from scholarly sources to develop a comprehensive presentation of facts.<\/li>\n
- Uses at least one outside scholarly reference that is relevant, less than 5 years old (use of older references requires instructor permission) and reliable for the required topic.*<\/li>\n
- Uses in-text citation and full reference at end of posting when presenting another person’s thoughts as quotes or paraphrase of information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements:<\/p>\n\n- Provides evidence of scholarly inquiry relevant to required TD topic(s).<\/li>\n
- Presents specific information from scholarly sources to develop a comprehensive presentation of facts.<\/li>\n
- Uses at least one outside scholarly reference that is relevant, less than 5 years old (use of older references requires instructor permission) and reliable for the required topic.*<\/li>\n
- Uses in-text citation and full reference at end of posting when presenting another person’s thoughts as quotes or paraphrase of information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in all of the following elements:<\/p>\n\n- Provides evidence of scholarly inquiry relevant to required TD topic(s).<\/li>\n
- Presents specific information from scholarly sources to develop a comprehensive presentation of facts.<\/li>\n
- Uses at least one outside scholarly reference that is relevant, less than 5 years old (use of older references requires instructor permission) and reliable for the required topic.*<\/li>\n
- Uses in-text citation and full reference at end of posting when presenting another person’s thoughts as quotes or paraphrase of information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
<\/p>\n Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in one<\/strong> of the following elements:<\/p>\n\n- Provides evidence of scholarly inquiry relevant to required TD topic(s).<\/li>\n
- Presents specific information from scholarly sources to develop a comprehensive presentation of facts.<\/li>\n
- Uses at least one outside scholarly reference that is relevant, less than 5 years old (use of older references requires instructor permission) and reliable for the required topic.*<\/li>\n
- Uses in-text citation and full reference at end of posting when presenting another person’s thoughts as quotes or paraphrase of information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
<\/p>\n Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in two<\/strong> of the following elements:<\/p>\n\n- Provides evidence of scholarly inquiry relevant to required TD topic(s).<\/li>\n
- Presents specific information from scholarly sources to develop a comprehensive presentation of facts.<\/li>\n
- Uses at least one outside scholarly reference that is relevant, less than 5 years old (use of older references requires instructor permission) and reliable for the required topic.*<\/li>\n
- Uses in-text citation and full reference at end of posting when presenting another person’s thoughts as quotes or paraphrase of information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in three<\/strong> or more<\/strong> of the following elements<\/p>\n\n- Provides evidence of scholarly inquiry relevant to required TD topic(s).<\/li>\n
- Presents specific information from scholarly sources to develop a comprehensive presentation of facts.<\/li>\n
- Uses at least one outside scholarly reference that is relevant, less than 5 years old (use of older references requires instructor permission) and reliable for the required topic.*<\/li>\n
- Uses in-text citation and full reference at end of posting when presenting another person’s thoughts as quotes or paraphrase of information<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n<\/td>\n | \u00a016 Points<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a014 Points<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a013 Points<\/strong><\/td>\n11 Points<\/strong><\/td>\n9 Points<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a00 Points<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nApplication of Course Knowledge<\/strong><\/p>\n Demonstrate the ability to analyze and apply principles, knowledge and information learned in the outside readings and relate them to real-life professional situations<\/strong><\/td>\nPresentation of information was exceptional and included all<\/strong> of the following elements:<\/p>\n\n- Applies principles, knowledge and information from scholarly resources to the required topic.<\/li>\n
- Applies facts, principles or concepts learned from scholarly resources to a professional experience.<\/li>\n
- Application of information is comprehensive and specific to the required topic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all<\/strong> of the following elements:<\/p>\n\n- Applies principles, knowledge and information from scholarly resources to the required topic.<\/li>\n
- Applies facts, principles or concepts learned from scholarly resources to a professional experience.<\/li>\n
- Application of information is comprehensive and specific to the required topic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all<\/strong> of the following elements:<\/p>\n\n- Applies principles, knowledge and information from scholarly resources to the required topic.<\/li>\n
- Applies facts, principles or concepts learned from scholarly resources to a professional experience.<\/li>\n
- Application of information is comprehensive and specific to the required topic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in one <\/strong>of the following elements:<\/p>\n\n- Applies principles, knowledge and information from scholarly resources to the required topic.<\/li>\n
- Applies facts, principles or concepts learned from and scholarly resources to a professional experience.<\/li>\n
- Application of information is comprehensive and specific to the required topic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in two<\/strong> of the following elements:<\/p>\n\n- Applies principles, knowledge and information from scholarly resources to the required topic.<\/li>\n
- Applies facts, principles or concepts learned from scholarly resources to a professional experience.<\/li>\n
- Application of information is comprehensive and specific to the required topic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in three<\/strong> of the following elements<\/p>\n\n- Applies principles, knowledge and information and scholarly resources to the required topic.<\/li>\n
- Applies facts, principles or concepts learned scholarly resources to a professional experience.<\/li>\n
- Application of information is comprehensive and specific to the required topic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a010 Points<\/strong><\/td>\n9 Points <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \u00a06 Points<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a00 Points<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nInteractive Dialogue <\/strong><\/p>\n Initial post should be a minimum of 300 words (references do not count toward word count)<\/strong><\/p>\nThe peer and instructor responses must be a minimum of 150 words each (references do not count toward word count)<\/strong><\/p>\nResponses are substantive and relate to the topic.<\/strong><\/td>\nDemonstrated all <\/strong>of the following:<\/p>\n | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |