\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\nPost<\/span><\/b>\u202fin your small group thread a cohesive response that addresses the following:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Briefly summarize the policy proposal you selected from the IOM\u202f<\/span>Future of Nursing Practice Report Brief<\/span><\/i>\u202f(Application 2). Based on your analysis of the policy proposal, did the IOM get it right?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Identify any professional organizations dealing with the issue\/recommendation and provide at least two specific ways in which the professional organizations have supported or could support the policy proposal\/recommendation.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Read<\/span><\/b>\u202fa selection of your colleagues\u2019 postings.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nBy Day 6<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\nRespond<\/span><\/b>\u202fto at least\u202f<\/span>two<\/span><\/b>\u202fof your colleagues in one or more of the following ways:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence or research.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Share an insight from having read your colleagues\u2019 postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
- Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n- Expand on your colleagues\u2019 postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Note:\u202fPlease see the Syllabus and Discussion Rubric for formal Discussion question posting and response evaluation criteria.<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nReturn<\/span><\/b>\u202fto this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note what you learned and\/or any insights you gained as a result of the comments made by your colleagues.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nBe sure to support your work with specific citations from this week\u2019s Learning Resources and any additional sources.<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nSubmission and Grading Information<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nGrading Criteria\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nTo access your rubric:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nWeek 7 Discussion Rubric<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nPost by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nTo participate in this Discussion:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nWeek 7 Discussion<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nA Sample Answer For the Assignment: NURS 8100 Health Policy Proposal Analysis
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\nTitle: NURS 8100 Health Policy Proposal Analysis
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\nAssignment 2: Health Policy Proposal Analysis (Policy Brief)<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\nA policy brief is a vital tool used to present research findings and recommendations to an audience with no specialization in the policy matter. Policy briefs offer evidence-based policy recommendations to help legislators make informed decisions (Arnautu & Dagenais, 2021). A strong policy brief incorporates research findings supporting the recommended policy and draws clear connections to policy initiatives. Therefore, it should be clear and concise to ensure the target audience adequately understands the recommendations. This paper presents a policy brief on the recommendation from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nSelected Recommendation<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\nThe selected IOM recommendation is: \u201cNurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nBackground<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\nThe IOM recommendation emphasizes the need to transform nursing practice. The report encourages lawmakers to be guided by the Nursing Practice Act and Administrative Rules to amend state nurses\u2019 scope-of-practice laws. Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) are highly trained and competent to provide a wide range of healthcare services. However, they are limited by barriers, such as federal policies, state laws, obsolete insurance reimbursement models, and organizational practices and culture (Sullivan, 2018). State and federal initiatives are needed to update and standardize APRNs\u2019 scope-of-practice regulations to capitalize on their specialized education and full capacity. Furthermore, the IOM report states that APRNs need to be allowed to practice to the full scope of practice. This will ensure that all citizens can access essential healthcare services and that organizations make the best use of the APRNs\u2019 unique contributions to the healthcare team.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nInsurance providers and States should create specific policy, regulatory, and financial changes that offer patients the freedom to choose from a range of health providers, including APRNs, to best, meet their healthcare needs (Sullivan, 2018). Eradicating regulatory, policy, and financial barriers to increase patient choices and patient-centered care is critical in creating a reformed health care system.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nCurrent Characteristics<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\nThe scope of APRN practice varies with the state. The American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) defines three types of practice authority for APRNs: Full, Reduced, and Restricted practice. APRNs practicing in states with Full practice authority are authorized to practice to their full scope of training, including evaluating, diagnosing, ordering and interpreting diagnostic tests, and prescribing treatments (AANP, n.d.). The state board of nursing gives them exclusive authority to practice to their full scope. Currently, 24 states in the U.S and its territories have adopted Full practice licensure laws. NPs practicing in states with a reduced practice are allowed to participate in at least one element of the NP practice. However, they are regulated by a collaborative agreement with a physician (AANP, n.d.). Physician oversight is needed for the NP to prescribe treatment. Sixteen states currently have the reduced practice.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nThere are 11 states with a restricted practice whereby the state board of nursing mandates APRN supervision or delegation of duties such as diagnosing and prescribing by a physician. Texas lies at the lower end of the spectrum with regards to the freedom it offers APRNs. One of the barriers to expanding APRNs’ scope of practice has been opposed by some physicians and physician organizations. Some physicians argue that APRNs are less competent to provide the services outlined in their scope of practice since they do not undergo rigorous training like physicians (Sofer, 2018).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nThe Impact of the Recommendation\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\nPatients perceive that the recommendation on the full scope for APRNs will increase their access to essential health services, especially in rural areas where there are few physicians and APRNs are usually the primary care providers. Currently, the country faces a shortage of primary care physicians, especially in rural and underserved areas (Ortiz et al., 2018). However, there is also an ample supply of specialists, which increase health care expenditures since specialist charge more expensively than primary care physicians. In addition, healthcare consumers perceive that the recommendation will lower the cost of healthcare. This is because full practice authority lowers duplication of services and billing costs caused by the outdated physician oversight (Ortiz et al., 2018). Besides, full practice decreases the unnecessary office visits, repetition of orders, and treatment services.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nNurses and professional nursing organizations argue that if all states allowed APRNs to practice to the full scope of their education and training, it could increase the workforce needed to meet the country’s primary care needs. APRNs would also contribute their specialized knowledge and skills to delivering person-centered, community-based health care (DePriest et al., 2020). Physicians believe that granting APRNs full practice will reduce their workload and increase access to care for patients living in underserved urban and rural areas. This is because states with full practice authority have many NPs working in the rural and underserved areas, which increases access to healthcare. Nevertheless, some physicians perceive that the recommendation will negatively impact patient care due to the lack of rigorous medical training for APRNs (Sofer, 2018). Various organizations, such as the Kaiser Family Foundation, argue that APRNs could help meet the demand for primary care. They argue that APRNs’ full practice can help meet the demand for primary health care, which is increasing due to a growing aging population (DePriest et al., 2020). Besides, increased access to health care through the Affordable Care Act increases the population in demand for care, and APRNs can help bridge the gap.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nCurrent Solutions<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\nThe current solution to having nurses to their full extent is advocacy. Many professional organizations are lobbying to remove barriers that limit APRNs from working to the full extent of their education and training (Peterson, 2018). NP organizations in various states have engaged lobbyists to help bring the advocacy efforts to the front line of policymakers. The lobbyists are educating policymakers on what APRN full practice entails. They clarify that it is not a policy against physicians but rather one that seeks to provide patients with access to quality care (Peterson, 2018). The Campaign by the Future of Nursing is one approach taken to lobby for APRNs to practice to their full scope in states with reduced and restricted practice. Furthermore, the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) monitors the practice roles and bills related to APRN practice to keep APRNs informed of their lobbying efforts.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nCurrent Status in the Health Policy Arena<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\nA report from The Campaign shows that APRN practice authority has expanded significantly since the release of the IOM recommendation report. After the release of the IOM report, 44 state Action Coalitions worked on the recommendation to get rid of barriers in the APRN scope of practice. Besides, 13 states have passed laws granting APRNs full practice authority (Sullivan, 2018). Since the Campaign’s commencement, eight states amended their laws to grant APRNs full practice and prescriptive authority. Furthermore, some states with reduced and restrictive practices have improved their laws to be less restrictive (Sullivan, 2018). For instance, Florida (reduced practice) passed a bill that requires PMHNPs to practice for the first two years with supervision and then practice to the full scope of their licensure.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nConclusion<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\nThe IOM recommendation on allowing APRNs to practice to the full scope of their education and training will increase accessibility to healthcare and lower costs. The health care environment is continuously evolving with an increasing demand for healthcare services from the aging population. Thus APRNs\u2019 full contribution to the health care team is essential. Tremendous progress has been made toward decreasing restrictions on the APRN scope of practice across the U.S. States. The states with restrictive and reduced APRN practice are increasing APRNs\u2019 potential to contribute fully to health care. However, more efforts are needed to hasten the amendments of the obsolete policies. We need more states to grant full practice authority to APRNs as primary care providers.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nReferences<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\nAANP. (n.d.).\u202f<\/span>Issues at a glance: Full practice authority<\/span><\/i>. American Association of Nurse Practitioners.\u202fhttps:\/\/www.aanp.org\/advocacy\/advocacy-resource\/policy-briefs\/issues-full-practice-brief<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nArnautu, D., & Dagenais, C. (2021). Use and effectiveness of policy briefs as a knowledge transfer tool: a scoping review.\u202f<\/span>Humanities and Social Sciences Communications<\/span><\/i>,\u202f<\/span>8<\/span><\/i>(1), 1-14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41599-021-00885-9<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nDePriest, K., D’Aoust, R., Samuel, L., Commodore-Mensah, Y., Hanson, G., & Slade, E. P. (2020). Nurse practitioners’ workforce outcomes under the implementation of full practice authority. <\/span>Nursing Outlook<\/span><\/i>,\u202f<\/span>68<\/span><\/i>(4), 459\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.outlook.2020.05.008<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nOrtiz, J., Hofler, R., Bushy, A., Lin, Y. L., Khanijahani, A., & Bitney, A. (2018). Impact of nurse practitioner practice regulations on rural population health outcomes. In\u202f<\/span>Healthcare<\/span><\/i>\u202f(Vol. 6, No. 2, p. 65). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare6020065<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nPeterson, M. E. (2018). Barriers to Practice and the Impact on Health Care: A Nurse Practitioner Focus.\u202f<\/span>Journal of the advanced practitioner in oncology<\/span><\/i>,\u202f<\/span>8<\/span><\/i>(1), 74\u201381.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nSofer, D. (2018). AMA Resolution Opposes Independent Practice by APRNs.\u202f<\/span>AJN The American Journal of Nursing<\/span><\/i>,\u202f<\/span>118<\/span><\/i>(3), 12. doi: 10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000530922.33715.46<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
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