At its core, pathology is the study of disease. Diseases occur for many reasons. But some, such as cystic fibrosis and Parkinson\u2019s Disease, occur because of alterations that prevent cells from functioning normally.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Understanding of signals and symptoms of alterations in cellular processes is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n For this Discussion, you examine a case study and explain the disease that is suggested. You examine the symptoms reported and explain the cells that are involved and potential alterations and impacts.\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Read<\/span><\/b> a selection of your colleagues\u2019 responses.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Respond<\/span><\/b> to <\/span>at least two<\/span><\/b> of your colleagues on <\/span>2 different days <\/span><\/b>and respectfully agree or disagree with your colleague\u2019s assessment and explain your reasoning. In your explanation, include why their explanations make physiological sense or why they do not<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Note:<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u202fFor this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues\u2019 postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on\u202f<\/span><\/i>Submit!<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n My scenario is:\u00a0A 27-year-old patient with a history of substance abuse is found unresponsive by emergency medical services (EMS) after being called by the patient\u2019s roommate. The roommate states that he does not know how long the patient had been lying there. Patient received naloxone in the field and has become responsive. He complains of burning pain over his left hip and forearm. Evaluation in the ED revealed a large amount of necrotic tissue over the greater trochanter as well as the forearm. EKG demonstrated prolonged PR interval and peaked T waves. Serum potassium level 6.9 mEq\/L.<\/p>\n Fuentes, & Venkatram, 2014). Simply put, It is a condition that causes the breakdown of muscles; however, for this post, your definition is more detailed.<\/p>\n In your assigned scenario, the patient with the following: had a large amount of necrotic tissue over the greater trochanter and the forearm, Prolonged PR interval and peaked T waves on his EKG, and an elevated serum potassium level of 6.9. In your post, you wrote that the patient’s necrosis could have occurred due to prolonged immobilization and compartment syndrome. Since the event wasn’t witnessed, I would suggest that the patient’s reaction drug of choice caused the Rhabdomyolysis. He Rhabdomyolysis typically manifests in one to three days after a muscle injury but has been known to be very “severe when precipitated by drug overdoses compared to other etiologies” (Adrish, Duncalf, Diaz-Fuentes, & Venkatram, 2014) (Cleveland Clinic, 2023). I agree that the potassium is elevated due to the Rhabdomyolysis, and the prolonged PR interval and peaked T waves were caused by the elevated potassium. The patient’s loss of consciousness could result from a drug overdose or symptom of Rhabdomyolysis.<\/p>\n Lastly, I agree that an older patient is at a higher risk for accidental overdose and falls. Other risk factors for Rhabdomyolysis in a more aging population include extended periods of inactivity; certain medical conditions; severe dehydration, and certain medications (antipsychotic, antidepressant, antiviral diabetic, and statins) (Cleveland Clinic, 2023). Thank you for your post.<\/p>\n Adrish, M., Duncalf, R., Diaz-Fuentes, G., & Venkatram, S. (2014).\u00a0Opioid Overdose with Gluteal Compartment Syndrome and Acute Peripheral Neuropathy<\/em>. Retrieved June 1, 2023, from National Library of Medicine. National Center for Biotechnology Information: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3899172\/.<\/a><\/p>\n Cleveland Clinic (2023).\u00a0Rhabdomyolysis<\/em>. Retrieved June 1, 2023, from Cleveland Clinic: https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/21184-rhabdomyolysis#:~:text=Rhabdomyolysis%20symptoms%20can%20range%20from,not%20even%20notice%20muscle%20soreness.<\/a><\/p>\n National Institute on Drug Abuse (n.d.).\u00a0Drug Facts. Genetics: The Blueprint of Health and Disease<\/em>. Retrieved June 1, 2023, from National Institute of Health: https:\/\/nida.nih.gov\/publications\/drugfacts\/genetics-epigenetics-addiction.<\/a><\/p>\n I like how you connected Rhabdomyolysis and hyperkalemia as a result of this patient being down for an extensive amount of time. Studies have shown that prolonged limb compression (if the patient was lying on their side the entire time they were down) can cause massive Rhabdomylysis that can also cause the patient to have hyperkalemia (Madhusoodanan et al., 2004). This case study has also stated that Creatinine Kinase levels should be checked in all suspected intoxicated patients due to the high chances of their levels being high and could initiate earlier treatment for Rhabdomyolysis. I also agree that age could play a different factor in this case due to the elderly population being at a more increased risk for dehydration and the fact that their risk for Rhabodomyolosis is higher in most cases after falling (Wongrakpanich et al., 2018).<\/p>\n Madhusoodanan, S., Gupta, S., Calleja, G., Bogunovic, O., & Brenner, R. (2004). A Case of Rhabdomyolysis After Intravenous Heroin Use.\u00a0Primary care companion to the Journal of clinical psychiatry<\/em>,\u00a06<\/em>(5), 221\u2013222.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/pcc.v06n0509Links to an external site.<\/a><\/p>\n Wongrakpanich, S., Kallis, C., Prasad, P., Rangaswami, J., & Rosenzweig, A. (2018). The Study of Rhabdomyolysis in the Elderly: An Epidemiological Study and Single Center Experience.\u00a0Aging and disease<\/em>,\u00a09<\/em>(1), 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14336\/AD.2017.0304<\/a><\/p>\n I\u00a0agree that the unconscious state is directly related to opioid overdose. In the given scenario, the patient was likely lethargic and lying on his left side for a prolonged period. Opioids impact patients’ perception of discomfort, even when awake, which may lead to tissue ischemia and\u00a0necrosis. Opiate-related\u00a0ER cases\u00a0related\u00a0to crush injuries are on the rise, resulting in muscle necrosis, rhabdomyolysis, and compartment syndrome\u00a0((McCance\u00a0& Huether,\u00a02018),<\/p>\n You stated that the hyperkalemia is due to the AKI caused by rhabdomyolysis from the patient having been down for an extended period. As a result of prolonged immobility, rhabdomyolysis occurs when damaged skeletal muscle cells disintegrate rapidly, releasing toxins such as creatinine kinase (CK) and myoglobin, which are common in opiate users. A contributing factor may be dehydration, vascular constriction, or muscle injury, including compression of the postural muscles in a comatose state (Gupeme et al., 2015). Due to drug action, potassium may shift between the tissue and plasma compartments, thereby altering serum potassium concentrations. The potassium and EKG results suggest that the patient had an overdose related to opiates. Thanks for\u00a0sharing,<\/p>\n G\u00fclpembe, M., Acar, D., Ak\u0131ll\u0131, N., \u00c7al\u0131k, S., G\u00fcnayd\u0131n, Y., K\u00f6yl\u00fc, R., & Ba\u015far, C. (2015). Rhabdomyolysis Associated with Opiate Abuse: A Case Report.\u00a0Journal of Academic Emergency Medicine Case Reports \/ Akademik Acil Tip Olgu Sunumlari Dergisi<\/em>,\u00a06<\/em>(1), 13\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/jaemcr.2015.746<\/a><\/p>\n McCance, K.L & Huether, S.E. (2019).\u00a0Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for\u00a0disease in\u00a0adults and children<\/em>\u00a0(8th ed.).<\/p>\n Answers all parts of the Discussion question(s) with reflective critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources. <\/span><\/p>\n Supported by at least three current, credible sources. <\/span><\/p>\n Written clearly and concisely with no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Responds to the Discussion question(s) and is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. <\/span><\/p>\n At least 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth. <\/span><\/p>\n Supported by at least three credible sources. <\/span><\/p>\n Written clearly and concisely with one or no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Responds to some of the Discussion question(s). <\/span><\/p>\n One or two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed. <\/span><\/p>\n Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. <\/span><\/p>\n Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. <\/span><\/p>\n Post is cited with two credible sources. <\/span><\/p>\n Written somewhat concisely; may contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors. <\/span><\/p>\n Contains some APA formatting errors.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Does not respond to the Discussion question(s) adequately. <\/span><\/p>\n Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria. <\/span><\/p>\n Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. <\/span><\/p>\n Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. <\/span><\/p>\n Contains only one or no credible sources. <\/span><\/p>\n Not written clearly or concisely. <\/span><\/p>\n Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors. <\/span><\/p>\n Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Posts main post by Day 3.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n N\/A<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n N\/A<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Does not post main post by Day 3.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings. <\/span><\/p>\n Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources. <\/span><\/p>\n Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of Learning Objectives. <\/span><\/p>\n Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. <\/span><\/p>\n Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. <\/span><\/p>\n Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings. <\/span><\/p>\n Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. <\/span><\/p>\n Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed. <\/span><\/p>\n Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources. <\/span><\/p>\n Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Response is on topic and may have some depth. <\/span><\/p>\n Responses posted in the Discussion may lack effective professional communication. <\/span><\/p>\n Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. <\/span><\/p>\n Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Response may not be on topic and lacks depth. <\/span><\/p>\n Responses posted in the Discussion lack effective professional communication. <\/span><\/p>\n Responses to faculty questions are missing. <\/span><\/p>\n No credible sources are cited.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings. <\/span><\/p>\n Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources. <\/span><\/p>\n Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of Learning Objectives. <\/span><\/p>\n Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. <\/span><\/p>\n Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. <\/span><\/p>\n Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings. <\/span><\/p>\n Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. <\/span><\/p>\n Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed. <\/span><\/p>\n Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources. <\/span><\/p>\n Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Response is on topic and may have some depth. <\/span><\/p>\n Responses posted in the Discussion may lack effective professional communication. <\/span><\/p>\n Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. <\/span><\/p>\n Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Response may not be on topic and lacks depth. <\/span><\/p>\n Responses posted in the Discussion lack effective professional communication. <\/span><\/p>\n Responses to faculty questions are missing. <\/span><\/p>\n No credible sources are cited.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Meets requirements for participation by posting on 3 different days.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n N\/A<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n N\/A<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Does not meet requirements for participation by posting on 3 different days.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\nTo prepare:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
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By Day 3 of Week 1<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
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By Day 6 of Week 1<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NURS 6051 Discussion Alterations in Cellular Processes<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Title: <\/strong> NURS 6051 Discussion Alterations in Cellular Processes<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: NURS 6051 Discussion Alterations in Cellular Processes<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Title: <\/strong> NURS 6051 Discussion Alterations in Cellular Processes<\/strong><\/h2>\n
References<\/h2>\n
A Sample Answer 3 For the Assignment: NURS 6051 Discussion Alterations in Cellular Processes<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Title: <\/strong> NURS 6051 Discussion Alterations in Cellular Processes<\/strong><\/h2>\n
A Sample Answer 4 For the Assignment: NURS 6051 Discussion Alterations in Cellular Processes<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Title: <\/strong> NURS 6051 Discussion Alterations in Cellular Processes<\/strong><\/h2>\n
References<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Name:\u202fNURS_6501_Discussion_Rubric<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
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\n \u202f<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Excellent\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Good\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Fair\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Poor\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Main Posting\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Points Range: 45 (45%) – 50 (50%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Points Range: 40 (40%) – 44 (44%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Points Range: 35 (35%) – 39 (39%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Points Range: 0 (0%) – 34 (34%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \n Main Post: Timeliness\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Points Range: 10 (10%) – 10 (10%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Points Range: 0 (0%) – 0 (0%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Points Range: 0 (0%) – 0 (0%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Points Range: 0 (0%) – 0 (0%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \n First Response\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Points Range: 17 (17%) – 18 (18%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Points Range: 15 (15%) – 16 (16%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Points Range: 13 (13%) – 14 (14%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Points Range: 0 (0%) – 12 (12%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \n Second Response\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Points Range: 16 (16%) – 17 (17%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Points Range: 14 (14%) – 15 (15%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Points Range: 12 (12%) – 13 (13%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Points Range: 0 (0%) – 11 (11%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \n Participation\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n Points Range: 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Points Range: 0 (0%) – 0 (0%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Points Range: 0 (0%) – 0 (0%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Points Range: 0 (0%) – 0 (0%)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \n Total Points: 100\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n