Title: NR 506 Week 2: Policy-Priority Selection<\/strong><\/h2>\n

I have been having a difficult time choosing my healthcare policy priority, mainly because I am worried that it is one that is being talked about by everyone lately. However, with that being said, I have chosen the Opioid Epidemic or the Opioid Overdose Crisis. I have chosen this\u202f topic because it specifically has been a problem I have witnessed with patients, and people within surrounding communities.\u202f It also is something that could be reduced if laws were different.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2018),\u202f Each day 115 Americans die from opioid overdoses, which means nearly 42,000 people die annually from a preventable cause.\u202f I grew up in a town of 1,000 people, so for me to see this amount of people die annually is baffling.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The estimated total \u201ceconomic burden\u201d for the US each year is $78.5 billion a year, as per The Center for Disease Control and Prevention, (2017). This is said to include the misuse of opioid prescriptions, cost of healthcare, loss of productivity, addiction alone, and the involvement of criminal justice (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2018).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

I think that as far as sources of healthcare policy, this policy would be at the Organizational level, because it would be required to meet FDA requirements, and have multiple organizations involved in decision making as\u202f well as including \u202fmultiple organizations\u2019 data. This would be a public policy.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This topic is important to me, because as nurses we all have a few patients that we say we will never forget. One of these patients for me was a 21 year old. He was admitted for altered mental status and was on a Narcan drip.\u202f Once he began to wake up he told us that he had just tried a pill and this is what happened to him.\u202f He stated it was his first time, and he had no previous history of drug abuse.\u202f The doctor then decided to discharge him this day, and everyone chalked it up to a young college kid making a stupid choice and trying a pill that was given to him.\u201d\u202f Not 12 hours later the same young 21 year old ended up in the ER. <\/span><\/p>\n

He was being coded en route to the hospital, and after a long attempt at resuscitation, he did not make it.\u202f This patient had access to Fentanyl patches and was apparently cutting them open and eating them.\u202f This was a definite eye opening experience for me.\u202f There are also been newspaper reports in a surrounding community about five to 10 Narcan kits being used each weekend.\u202f It just amazes me that this situation has gotten so out of control over the last several years.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>References:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018). Opioid overdose crisis. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/drugs-abuse\/opioids\/opioid-overdose-crisis<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). National Vitals Statistics System, Mortality. Retrieved from: https:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

You have identified some very good reasons for choosing the opioid crisis as a topic.\u202f However, could you clarify what specifically you would want a policy maker to do – you have topic, but the policy is not clear.\u202f You said it could be addressed if the laws were different – how? Also, which legislature would you approach and why?<\/span><\/p>\n

I think that there should be required follow up between the provider and patient once opiods are prescribed. \u202fAll too often a patient is discharged from the hospital with narcotics and the provider does not do any type of follow up other than refer them to follow up with their primary care provider. I think all providers whether it be inpatient\/hospital setting or primary care providers, should be required to follow up with all of their patients who are on prescribed opioids. I\u202f also think there should be documented non-opioid treatment attempts on all chronic opioid users as well.\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

With this being said, I do not think that opioids should not be used for acute patients. For example, if I came into the my physician\u2019s office with a kidney stone or after I threw my back out, I would not expect them to attempt non-pharmacological treatment. \u202fIn instances like these, a small amount of narcotics should be able to be prescribed, but then the physician should be required to follow up within a given time frame, whether it be 24 hours or a week.\u202f I think because the FDA is a federal agency, this should be done by everyone and not just by certain states. <\/span><\/p>\n

Of course, to make a change it’s not easily done at that level, so I think it would have to start slowly. I think I would first propose it to all hospital employed providers at my hospital. After that change was implemented and there was time for adequate data to be obtained, i would branch out to other facilities, and then eventually to the state level.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Many physicians will prescribe a patient a narcotic for an acute pain, but then continue to refill the medication for years \u201cjust because.\u201d This contributes to the problem. I worked with a nurse years ago who had back pain and went to her PCP and was prescribed Norco. She became dependent on the Norco, and eventually \u202fstole Dilaudid, Morphine, Norco, and many other drugs from the hospital. Of course she was caught and her license was disciplined, but the point is, this prescription started innocent, but due to a lack of follow up from her physician, the medication was continued to feed a habit, which could have been avoided had there been stricter follow up.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u202fIf the physicians were required to follow up and have documentation that was supportive of their reason for continuing the prescription, the numbers may decrease.\u202f At a certain point, the physician could then potentially refer the patient to a pain specialist for some sort of treatment that was not an opioid.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

If you start with the hospital, this would become a hospital based policy. This takes some research to see what is being done but how about limiting how many opioids can be prescribed at a time so that the patient needs to be seen again before more can be prescribed?<\/span><\/p>\n

Thank you for your input. Instead of a policy on following up after prescribing the medications, you think I should write on limiting the number of pills the provider prescribes, which would require the patient to follow up if they wanted\/needed more?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

I will begin to research whether or not there are current laws\/policies in place.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Yes that is what I was thinking.\u202f It would also be interesting to know if there is any research that looks into average time it takes to become addicted – I know that is difficult because there are many other factors involved.\u202f I have never looked into this research but it should be interesting.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

I could not agree more with you that opiate overdose has become a major crisis in America. I work in a pediatric Emergency room setting where we have on any given day at least one \u2013two adults dropped off at our door and have overdosed.\u202f \u202fThe majority of individuals who become addicted to drugs stems from one receiving prescriptions for say an injury or after having surgery and these medications although are a potential for addition are needed to help heal (Click et al, 2018).\u202f <\/span><\/p>\n

There needs to be a balance between treating a patient\u2019s complaints and in causing harm to the patient can be troublesome (Click et al, 2018).\u202f Providers have a responsibility to their patient\u2019s and want to make sure one is not in pain but at the same time should consider potential complications from what and how they prescribe pain medications ( Click et al, 2018).\u202f I am unsure of how to fix this and agree it a policy would need to start on the organizational level, but agree that it would require more than that.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Click I., Bohannon, J.M., Anderson, H., & Tudiver, F (2018).\u202f Opioid prescribing in rural family<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f practices: A qualitative study.\u202f<\/span>Substance use and misuse.\u202f\u202f<\/span><\/i>55 (4), 533-540.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f\u202f doi: 10.1080\/10826084.2017.1342659<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Thank you for your post. It\u2019s funny that I did not read your post until after I posted my recent post, although we have similar thoughts. \u202fI have met too many people who are addicted to medications that were started on the medications due to an acute injury.\u202f I don\u2019t share my opinions on pain with many people because I do not want to sound heartless. I think pain medications are a great thing when used appropriately. I never want my patients to go without their pain medications and be in an unreasonable amount of pain. <\/span><\/p>\n

But, I think sometimes people have unreasonable expectations related to pain.\u202f I often have post-op patients who think that it is reasonable to think that their pain level will be a \u201c0\u201d after surgery.\u202f I often attempt to educate patients that we would like to get their pain level down to an acceptable level, but that completely taking away all of their pain may not be possible.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

I once had an acquaintance who had a history of drug abuse. He told me that his cousin (who was addicted to opioids) always told him to tell the nurse or doctor that his pain was a 10\/10 or higher.\u202f He said, “she said then you get the good stuff.” It is so sad to me that this is how people think.\u202f\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

I have had many painful experiences in my life, but rarely take pain medications. I passed 30 kidney stones while pregnant with my daughter, 26 with my son, and I have passed 11 during this pregnancy. I have not taken anything other than Tylenol during any of those pregnancies. I also did not fill my prescriptions for pain medications post-operatively. I know that this is not how everyone handles pain, but because of my experiences with pain, it makes me less understanding for people who abuse narcotics.\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

I definitely agree with you that the providers need to be caring and empathetic to their patients so they are not living in pain, however this does get abused all too often.\u202f Like you, I do not know what the best solution is, but I agree something needs to be changed. That is why I will propose within my policy change that providers are required to follow up with all patients who are discharged with opioids\/narcotics. I also think that only prescribing a limited supply (1 week\u2019s worth) is a good first step, because\u202f then a follow up will be required prior to the patient getting any more.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0I agree that the opioid addiction problem has escalated to a very concerning level.\u202f It’s frightening that an illegal substance is actually fairly easy to obtain.\u202f What makes me crazy is that if I want to buy sudaphed for nasal congestion I have to provide my license and there is a limit to the amount any one person can purchase per month.\u202f If I was prescribed a narcotic I can pick it up from the pharmacy without any identification and a family member or friend could also pick it up for me.\u202f <\/span><\/p>\n

Many people are addicted to pills but heroin users frequently start with a pill addiction and then move to heroin because in many cases it’s easier to obtain.\u202f You talk about changing laws to help and I agree.\u202f In Illinois we have something called the IL PMP which stands for the Illinois prescription monitoring program which collects information on controlled substance prescriptions dispensed in Illinois.\u202f Previously our doctors had to register to view the site and they would have to log in to look at the past 12 months of filled prescriptions.\u202f It was one more step when there was a concern for one of our patients who was in the ER asking for pain medications and a concern with seeking behaviors.\u202f<\/span><\/p>\n

Currently a link to the PMP is available in every patients chart so we can easily look up what they have had filled, when, quantity, and if they’ve been seeing multiple doctors to write scripts.\u202f Pharmacists can also use it and contact the prescribing doctor if they have a concern.\u202f I feel that this helps to decrease the amount of prescriptions written, but it’s dependent on many factors.\u202f The doctor has to review the record and personally decide if they think the patient is prescribed too much of the substance.\u202f <\/span><\/p>\n

The patient can register under any alias without an ID and obtain prescriptions from different ER’s without a license to verify who they are and the PMP will not reflect accurately what that person has filled.\u202f It’s a difficult situation because there are many chronic pain patients who need these drugs and the abuse has caused them to appear as “addicts”.\u202f Maybe requiring a photo ID (state issued) for anyone receiving and filling a controlled substance would be a good first step.\u202f<\/span><\/p>\n

Our hospital outpatient offices just started taking a photo that links to patient charts and when the patient comes in for a visit their picture will appear next to their name.\u202f It’s a great verification.\u202f Maybe the state issued ID could be accessed with a patient entering their ss# if they don’t have ID on them?\u202f Like they do at certain department stores when you don’t have your store credit card on you lol!\u202f It’s a huge problem that I feel requires small steps at many different levels.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sample Answer for NR 506 Week 2: Policy-Priority Selection\u00a0Included After Question NR 506 Week 2: Policy-Priority Selection NR 506 Week 2: Policy-Priority Selection Identify your selected healthcare policy priority and discuss the rationale for your selection. Describe the model of policy making that you feel would be best applied to your policy issue and the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-123245","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nursing-papers"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"\n