A Sample Answer For the Assignment: BIOL 304 6380 The Biology of Cancer<\/strong><\/h2>\nTitle: <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>BIOL 304 6380 The Biology of Cancer<\/h2>\nDiscussion Topic 1:<\/strong><\/h2>\n1). Explain in your own words how errors in mitosis could lead to the formation of cancerous cells as an organism (humans in particular for our focus) ages, and why errors in meiosis would not.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Mitosis is a delicate process that requires high fidelity to ensure the stability of the genome. Recent studies have revealed how errors in mitosis shape cancer genomes by driving both structural and numerical alterations in chromosomes contributing to the initiation of tumor formation and progression as an individual ages (Levine & Holland, 2018). However, errors during meiosis only alter the number of chromosomes, with no structural alteration, and only occur in reproductive organs leading to infertility and human birth defects rather than cancer.<\/p>\n2) Explain in your own words why cancer is often referred to as a disease of the cell cycle.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Cancer is normally referred to as a disease of the cell cycle<\/a> because of the process of tumor formation from uncontrollable cell division and spread into neighboring tissues (Mercadante & Kasi, 2020). Cancer is usually caused by an alteration to the DNA.<\/p>\n3) Describe the relationship between hyperplasia and benign tumor growth.\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\nHyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells abnormally (Nandalur et al., 2021). Hyperplasia can result in a grossly enlarged organ which can lead to the formation of a benign tumor. Benign tumors are non-cancerous but considered an abnormal collection of cells.<\/p>\n
Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our Verified MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS: BIOL 304 6380 The Biology of Cancer<\/em> <\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\nDiscussion Topic 2:<\/strong><\/h2>\n1). What are the 5 most common cancers based on 2020 data?\u00a0 What gender, race\/ethnicity, and environmental\/behavioral disparities exist according to the 2020 data regarding cancer and mortality rates<\/a>?<\/strong><\/h3>\nAccording to the National Cancer Institute (2020), the most common cancers globally include breast cancer, lung cancer,<\/p>\n![\"BIOL](\"https:\/\/nursingassignmentcrackers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/BIOL-304-6380-The-Biology-of-Cancer-300x119.png\")
BIOL 304 6380 The Biology of Cancer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nprostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, and\u00a0skin melanoma respectively. Among women, breast, lung, and colorectal cancer are the top three most common while men have reported high cases of prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer. Mortality rates due to cancer are however high among men than women. Regarding race and ethnicity, African American men have recorded the highest number of deaths from cancer, while Asian\/Pacific Islander women have recorded the least. It is also reported that the rates of cancer are generally high in countries with high standards of living and educational levels. Additional disparities include financial burden and low screening rates.<\/p>\n
2). As a society, how do you think we could decrease some of these disparities?\u00a0 How would you approach doing so?\u00a0 Would you begin at the local, state, national, or international level, so bottom-up approach or a top-down approach?\u00a0 Why?\u00a0 Give a brief proposal of where you would start and what you would do.<\/strong><\/h2>\nEvidence demonstrates that the best way of reducing cancer disparities is by promoting equitable healthcare (National Cancer Institute, 2020). I will start at the local level, by ensuring that healthcare facilities do not discriminate against cancer patients before I advocate for policy change at the national level. The policy change will help overcome racial, systemic social, and institutional inequalities.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nBIOL 304 6380 The Biology of Cancer\u00a0 References<\/strong><\/h2>\nLevine, M. S., & Holland, A. J. (2018). The impact of mitotic errors on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.\u00a0Genes & Development<\/em>,\u00a032<\/em>(9-10), 620\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gad.314351.118<\/a><\/p>\nMercadante, A. A., & Kasi, A. (2020).\u00a0Genetics, Cancer Cell Cycle Phases<\/em>. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK563158\/<\/a><\/p>\nNandalur, K. R., Colvin, R., Walker, D., Nandalur, S. R., Seifman, B., Gangwish, D., & Hafron, J. (2021). Benign prostate hyperplasia as a potentially protective factor against prostate cancer: Insights from a magnetic resonance imaging study of compositional characteristics.\u00a0The Prostate<\/em>,\u00a081<\/em>(14), 1097\u20131104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.24207<\/a><\/p>\nNational Cancer Institute. (2020, September 25).\u00a0Cancer Statistics<\/em>. National Cancer Institute; Cancer.gov. https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/understanding\/statistics<\/a><\/p>\nCourse Description<\/h2>\n
(For students majoring in both science and nonscience disciplines.) An overview of the biological basis of cancer. The goal is to apply knowledge of cancer biology to adopt appropriate lifestyle strategies and evaluate current treatments. The causes, development, and progression of cancer are considered at the level of cell structure and function. The roles of genes and proteins are also examined. Students may receive credit for only one of the following courses: BIOL 304 or GNSC 398C.<\/p>\n
Course Introduction<\/h4>\n
Did you know that cancer is a leading cause of illness and death in the United States? Did you ever wonder how it develops and what you can do to reduce your risk of developing cancer? Understanding the difference between good and bad cellular growth is important, and knowing how to limit the growth of cancer cells is useful for maintaining good health.<\/p>\n
In this course, we will discuss the different types of cancers; what factors (genetic, environmental, and behavioral) contribute to cancer development; and what are the most appropriate and useful treatments available in the fight against cancer.<\/p>\n
Course Outcomes<\/h3>\n
After completing this course, you should be able to<\/p>\n
\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2 identify properties involved in maintaining homeostasis in order to recognize how certain factors contribute to cancer<\/p>\n
\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2 recognize the complexity of cancer and assess current approaches for screening, diagnosis, and treatment in order to adopt appropriate lifestyle strategies<\/p>\n
\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2 apply knowledge of causes, development, and progression of cancer to ask questions and make informed decisions about personal and public health<\/p>\n
Course Materials<\/h3>\n
Click to access your course materials information<\/p>\n
Class Guidelines<\/h3>\n
Contacting your Faculty Member<\/p>\n
You can use the Instant Messages feature within the classroom to send a message to your faculty member, or you can use email. See the Overview section under Content to find the contact information for your faculty member.<\/p>\n
Classroom Navigation<\/h3>\n
Are you new to UMGC and need help navigating the LEO classroom? Check out the Online Classroom Overview: For Undergraduate and Graduate Courses video on the Learning Experience Online website.<\/p>\n
Helpful Resources<\/h2>\nA. Orientation to Science Courses<\/h3>\n
Science Learning Center (SLC). You can enter this site from under Course Content. The SLC houses a set of instructional and support materials of use across the science curriculum. Currently, the SLC houses two items:<\/p>\n
1. The Scientific Method Tutorial – This module provides an excellent description of the Scientific Method. This method is integral to all science, and is important for our course.<\/p>\n
2. The Science Studies Tutorial – This piece is designed to provide students with some tips and strategies for taking a science course. Some of the strategies in this unit are generic and apply to students’ general study habits for all courses. Other segments of the unit are specific to taking a science course. This unit is short and should not take more than 30-40 minutes to complete. I recommend that you read the unit during the first couple of weeks of the semester. If you have difficulty with science, then the Science Study Skills Unit is a MUST READ.<\/p>\n
B. Orientation to College Writing<\/h3>\n
i. College Writing Essentials<\/p>\n
The majority of content is written in the student\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s own words, and directly quoted content is limited to less than 10% of total content
\nIntroduction previews the main points, and conclusion summarizes main points
\nIdeas are presented clearly, follow sound logic, and flow coherently and cohesively
\nContent is expressed using standard grammar, punctuation and spelling conventions
\nParagraph content reflects reasonable transitions
\nContent reflects synthesis and critical analysis of referenced sources
\nIdeas are supported by referenced evidence, and full citations are provided for all reference sources
\nii. Citing and Writing Page (https:\/\/sites.umgc.edu\/library\/libhow\/gethelp-citing.cfm<\/a>) On this page you will find links to tutorials and resources to help you become a better researcher and writer, through proper attribution and citation of your sources, and the avoidance of academic dishonesty.<\/p>\niii. Effective Writing Center (EWC). You can access helpful writing resources through UMGC\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s Effective Writing Center (EWC). The EWC provides excellent information for improving your writing skills, writing a paper, incorporating citation formats, and many other writing skills. https:\/\/www.umgc.edu\/current-students\/learning-resources\/writing-center\/index.cfm<\/a><\/p>\niv. The Research Assignment Calculator for Time management of your research papers. https:\/\/libapps.umgc.edu\/calculator\/calculator.shtml<\/a><\/p>\nC. Library Guide for the Sciences<\/h3>\n
The UMGC library has developed resources to aid in the research of science-related databases, Websites, books, and e-books. The Library Services site also provides information on how to find articles, and 24-hour access to UMGC librarians. The link to the Library Guide can be found at http:\/\/libguides.umgc.edu\/science.<\/a><\/p>\nii. Tips for Success<\/h3>\n
Get books and materials before the semester begins
\nLog in to online classroom before the semester begins
\nComplete orientation (if new online college student)
\nView and print the syllabus and mark calendar with important course dates
\nRead start-up\/orientation materials posted by faculty member<\/p>\n
Begin the course work on time and early (in the first 1-2 days of the semester)
\nStart weekly assignments early in the week (Do not wait until 1-2 days before they are due) Check the online classroom, classroom messages and announcements, and your email every 1-2 days for new information
\niii. Student Participation Expectations<\/p>\n
a. Time Commitment:<\/h3>\n
Now that you have read the Syllabus, you should recognize that this course requires active student participation. An online course requires you to put in at least the same amount of time as an in-classroom course. During this 8-week semester, you will be expected to work 15 -18 hours per week in order to keep up with the fast pace of the course. Some students will manage with less, while some may need more time. Active participation is required in all online courses, and you should expect to log in to your online course several times a week.<\/p>\n
b. Study and Work Habits:<\/h3>\n
Summing Up a Successful Online Student. An online course places more responsibility on the student (and subsequently more independence) than a face-to-face course. Therefore, a successful online student must exercise more self-discipline than a face-to-face student. A successful online student is one who:<\/p>\n
reads the Course Schedule’s assigned reading material thoroughly before responding in a conference
\nprepares personal study notes (like classroom notes) each week from the reading assignment addressing key points, key figures, and defines any bold-faced terms
\nconsiders outlining the course material for personal study
\nparticipates two-to-three times per week in discussions and avoids late-week discussion comments
\nengages the material and others with enthusiasm and courtesy
\nschedules adequate time to do the work
\nasks for help when needed
\ninteracts with others in the class
\nis self-motivated
\nturns in well-drafted, proofed, and properly cited and referenced assignments prior to their due dates
\nkeeps copies of all work and instructor responses in case of an emergency
\nUse of Turnitin in this Course<\/p>\n
This course uses Turnitin, a software tool embedded in the online classroom to support the development and assessment of academic writing, including ensuring the authenticity of student work through a Similarity Report that highlights any matching areas in your paper found in another submitted paper in the Turnitin repository using a range from 0% to 100%. The use of Turnitin in this class is different than how it may have been used in your other classes in that there is no need to create a separate account. You only need to submit your assignment within the classroom. Shortly after you submit your assignment you will receive helpful feedback to improve your writing from within the Turnitin software tool.<\/p>\n
You can submit your assignments to Turnitin multiple times before the assignment due date. Once you submit an assignment to the Assignment folder, your assignment will be submitted automatically to Turnitin generating a Similarity Report. When a Similarity Report is available for viewing, a similarity score percentage will be made available that can be accessed from the Assignment folder by selecting the Submitted link located under “Completion Status” or by clicking the View History button. Here are additional instructions for how to view the Turnitin report within the assignment folders if needed: https:\/\/libguides.umgc.edu\/turnitin-students<\/a><\/p>\n
Discussion Topic 1:<\/strong><\/h2>\n1). Explain in your own words how errors in mitosis could lead to the formation of cancerous cells as an organism (humans in particular for our focus) ages, and why errors in meiosis would not.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Mitosis is a delicate process that requires high fidelity to ensure the stability of the genome. Recent studies have revealed how errors in mitosis shape cancer genomes by driving both structural and numerical alterations in chromosomes contributing to the initiation of tumor formation and progression as an individual ages (Levine & Holland, 2018). However, errors during meiosis only alter the number of chromosomes, with no structural alteration, and only occur in reproductive organs leading to infertility and human birth defects rather than cancer.<\/p>\n2) Explain in your own words why cancer is often referred to as a disease of the cell cycle.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Cancer is normally referred to as a disease of the cell cycle<\/a> because of the process of tumor formation from uncontrollable cell division and spread into neighboring tissues (Mercadante & Kasi, 2020). Cancer is usually caused by an alteration to the DNA.<\/p>\n3) Describe the relationship between hyperplasia and benign tumor growth.\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\nHyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells abnormally (Nandalur et al., 2021). Hyperplasia can result in a grossly enlarged organ which can lead to the formation of a benign tumor. Benign tumors are non-cancerous but considered an abnormal collection of cells.<\/p>\n
Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our Verified MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS: BIOL 304 6380 The Biology of Cancer<\/em> <\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\nDiscussion Topic 2:<\/strong><\/h2>\n1). What are the 5 most common cancers based on 2020 data?\u00a0 What gender, race\/ethnicity, and environmental\/behavioral disparities exist according to the 2020 data regarding cancer and mortality rates<\/a>?<\/strong><\/h3>\nAccording to the National Cancer Institute (2020), the most common cancers globally include breast cancer, lung cancer,<\/p>\nBIOL 304 6380 The Biology of Cancer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nprostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, and\u00a0skin melanoma respectively. Among women, breast, lung, and colorectal cancer are the top three most common while men have reported high cases of prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer. Mortality rates due to cancer are however high among men than women. Regarding race and ethnicity, African American men have recorded the highest number of deaths from cancer, while Asian\/Pacific Islander women have recorded the least. It is also reported that the rates of cancer are generally high in countries with high standards of living and educational levels. Additional disparities include financial burden and low screening rates.<\/p>\n
2). As a society, how do you think we could decrease some of these disparities?\u00a0 How would you approach doing so?\u00a0 Would you begin at the local, state, national, or international level, so bottom-up approach or a top-down approach?\u00a0 Why?\u00a0 Give a brief proposal of where you would start and what you would do.<\/strong><\/h2>\nEvidence demonstrates that the best way of reducing cancer disparities is by promoting equitable healthcare (National Cancer Institute, 2020). I will start at the local level, by ensuring that healthcare facilities do not discriminate against cancer patients before I advocate for policy change at the national level. The policy change will help overcome racial, systemic social, and institutional inequalities.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nBIOL 304 6380 The Biology of Cancer\u00a0 References<\/strong><\/h2>\nLevine, M. S., & Holland, A. J. (2018). The impact of mitotic errors on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.\u00a0Genes & Development<\/em>,\u00a032<\/em>(9-10), 620\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gad.314351.118<\/a><\/p>\nMercadante, A. A., & Kasi, A. (2020).\u00a0Genetics, Cancer Cell Cycle Phases<\/em>. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK563158\/<\/a><\/p>\nNandalur, K. R., Colvin, R., Walker, D., Nandalur, S. R., Seifman, B., Gangwish, D., & Hafron, J. (2021). Benign prostate hyperplasia as a potentially protective factor against prostate cancer: Insights from a magnetic resonance imaging study of compositional characteristics.\u00a0The Prostate<\/em>,\u00a081<\/em>(14), 1097\u20131104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.24207<\/a><\/p>\nNational Cancer Institute. (2020, September 25).\u00a0Cancer Statistics<\/em>. National Cancer Institute; Cancer.gov. https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/understanding\/statistics<\/a><\/p>\nCourse Description<\/h2>\n
(For students majoring in both science and nonscience disciplines.) An overview of the biological basis of cancer. The goal is to apply knowledge of cancer biology to adopt appropriate lifestyle strategies and evaluate current treatments. The causes, development, and progression of cancer are considered at the level of cell structure and function. The roles of genes and proteins are also examined. Students may receive credit for only one of the following courses: BIOL 304 or GNSC 398C.<\/p>\n
Course Introduction<\/h4>\n
Did you know that cancer is a leading cause of illness and death in the United States? Did you ever wonder how it develops and what you can do to reduce your risk of developing cancer? Understanding the difference between good and bad cellular growth is important, and knowing how to limit the growth of cancer cells is useful for maintaining good health.<\/p>\n
In this course, we will discuss the different types of cancers; what factors (genetic, environmental, and behavioral) contribute to cancer development; and what are the most appropriate and useful treatments available in the fight against cancer.<\/p>\n
Course Outcomes<\/h3>\n
After completing this course, you should be able to<\/p>\n
\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2 identify properties involved in maintaining homeostasis in order to recognize how certain factors contribute to cancer<\/p>\n
\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2 recognize the complexity of cancer and assess current approaches for screening, diagnosis, and treatment in order to adopt appropriate lifestyle strategies<\/p>\n
\u00e2\u20ac\u00a2 apply knowledge of causes, development, and progression of cancer to ask questions and make informed decisions about personal and public health<\/p>\n
Course Materials<\/h3>\n
Click to access your course materials information<\/p>\n
Class Guidelines<\/h3>\n
Contacting your Faculty Member<\/p>\n
You can use the Instant Messages feature within the classroom to send a message to your faculty member, or you can use email. See the Overview section under Content to find the contact information for your faculty member.<\/p>\n
Classroom Navigation<\/h3>\n
Are you new to UMGC and need help navigating the LEO classroom? Check out the Online Classroom Overview: For Undergraduate and Graduate Courses video on the Learning Experience Online website.<\/p>\n
Helpful Resources<\/h2>\nA. Orientation to Science Courses<\/h3>\n
Science Learning Center (SLC). You can enter this site from under Course Content. The SLC houses a set of instructional and support materials of use across the science curriculum. Currently, the SLC houses two items:<\/p>\n
1. The Scientific Method Tutorial – This module provides an excellent description of the Scientific Method. This method is integral to all science, and is important for our course.<\/p>\n
2. The Science Studies Tutorial – This piece is designed to provide students with some tips and strategies for taking a science course. Some of the strategies in this unit are generic and apply to students’ general study habits for all courses. Other segments of the unit are specific to taking a science course. This unit is short and should not take more than 30-40 minutes to complete. I recommend that you read the unit during the first couple of weeks of the semester. If you have difficulty with science, then the Science Study Skills Unit is a MUST READ.<\/p>\n
B. Orientation to College Writing<\/h3>\n
i. College Writing Essentials<\/p>\n
The majority of content is written in the student\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s own words, and directly quoted content is limited to less than 10% of total content
\nIntroduction previews the main points, and conclusion summarizes main points
\nIdeas are presented clearly, follow sound logic, and flow coherently and cohesively
\nContent is expressed using standard grammar, punctuation and spelling conventions
\nParagraph content reflects reasonable transitions
\nContent reflects synthesis and critical analysis of referenced sources
\nIdeas are supported by referenced evidence, and full citations are provided for all reference sources
\nii. Citing and Writing Page (https:\/\/sites.umgc.edu\/library\/libhow\/gethelp-citing.cfm<\/a>) On this page you will find links to tutorials and resources to help you become a better researcher and writer, through proper attribution and citation of your sources, and the avoidance of academic dishonesty.<\/p>\niii. Effective Writing Center (EWC). You can access helpful writing resources through UMGC\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s Effective Writing Center (EWC). The EWC provides excellent information for improving your writing skills, writing a paper, incorporating citation formats, and many other writing skills. https:\/\/www.umgc.edu\/current-students\/learning-resources\/writing-center\/index.cfm<\/a><\/p>\niv. The Research Assignment Calculator for Time management of your research papers. https:\/\/libapps.umgc.edu\/calculator\/calculator.shtml<\/a><\/p>\nC. Library Guide for the Sciences<\/h3>\n
The UMGC library has developed resources to aid in the research of science-related databases, Websites, books, and e-books. The Library Services site also provides information on how to find articles, and 24-hour access to UMGC librarians. The link to the Library Guide can be found at http:\/\/libguides.umgc.edu\/science.<\/a><\/p>\nii. Tips for Success<\/h3>\n
Get books and materials before the semester begins
\nLog in to online classroom before the semester begins
\nComplete orientation (if new online college student)
\nView and print the syllabus and mark calendar with important course dates
\nRead start-up\/orientation materials posted by faculty member<\/p>\n
Begin the course work on time and early (in the first 1-2 days of the semester)
\nStart weekly assignments early in the week (Do not wait until 1-2 days before they are due) Check the online classroom, classroom messages and announcements, and your email every 1-2 days for new information
\niii. Student Participation Expectations<\/p>\n
a. Time Commitment:<\/h3>\n
Now that you have read the Syllabus, you should recognize that this course requires active student participation. An online course requires you to put in at least the same amount of time as an in-classroom course. During this 8-week semester, you will be expected to work 15 -18 hours per week in order to keep up with the fast pace of the course. Some students will manage with less, while some may need more time. Active participation is required in all online courses, and you should expect to log in to your online course several times a week.<\/p>\n
b. Study and Work Habits:<\/h3>\n
Summing Up a Successful Online Student. An online course places more responsibility on the student (and subsequently more independence) than a face-to-face course. Therefore, a successful online student must exercise more self-discipline than a face-to-face student. A successful online student is one who:<\/p>\n
reads the Course Schedule’s assigned reading material thoroughly before responding in a conference
\nprepares personal study notes (like classroom notes) each week from the reading assignment addressing key points, key figures, and defines any bold-faced terms
\nconsiders outlining the course material for personal study
\nparticipates two-to-three times per week in discussions and avoids late-week discussion comments
\nengages the material and others with enthusiasm and courtesy
\nschedules adequate time to do the work
\nasks for help when needed
\ninteracts with others in the class
\nis self-motivated
\nturns in well-drafted, proofed, and properly cited and referenced assignments prior to their due dates
\nkeeps copies of all work and instructor responses in case of an emergency
\nUse of Turnitin in this Course<\/p>\n
This course uses Turnitin, a software tool embedded in the online classroom to support the development and assessment of academic writing, including ensuring the authenticity of student work through a Similarity Report that highlights any matching areas in your paper found in another submitted paper in the Turnitin repository using a range from 0% to 100%. The use of Turnitin in this class is different than how it may have been used in your other classes in that there is no need to create a separate account. You only need to submit your assignment within the classroom. Shortly after you submit your assignment you will receive helpful feedback to improve your writing from within the Turnitin software tool.<\/p>\n
You can submit your assignments to Turnitin multiple times before the assignment due date. Once you submit an assignment to the Assignment folder, your assignment will be submitted automatically to Turnitin generating a Similarity Report. When a Similarity Report is available for viewing, a similarity score percentage will be made available that can be accessed from the Assignment folder by selecting the Submitted link located under “Completion Status” or by clicking the View History button. Here are additional instructions for how to view the Turnitin report within the assignment folders if needed: https:\/\/libguides.umgc.edu\/turnitin-students<\/a><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Mitosis is a delicate process that requires high fidelity to ensure the stability of the genome. Recent studies have revealed how errors in mitosis shape cancer genomes by driving both structural and numerical alterations in chromosomes contributing to the initiation of tumor formation and progression as an individual ages (Levine & Holland, 2018). However, errors during meiosis only alter the number of chromosomes, with no structural alteration, and only occur in reproductive organs leading to infertility and human birth defects rather than cancer.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Cancer is normally referred to as a disease of the cell cycle<\/a> because of the process of tumor formation from uncontrollable cell division and spread into neighboring tissues (Mercadante & Kasi, 2020). Cancer is usually caused by an alteration to the DNA.<\/p>\n Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells abnormally (Nandalur et al., 2021). Hyperplasia can result in a grossly enlarged organ which can lead to the formation of a benign tumor. Benign tumors are non-cancerous but considered an abnormal collection of cells.<\/p>\n According to the National Cancer Institute (2020), the most common cancers globally include breast cancer, lung cancer,<\/p>\n prostate cancer, Colorectal cancer, and\u00a0skin melanoma respectively. Among women, breast, lung, and colorectal cancer are the top three most common while men have reported high cases of prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer. Mortality rates due to cancer are however high among men than women. Regarding race and ethnicity, African American men have recorded the highest number of deaths from cancer, while Asian\/Pacific Islander women have recorded the least. It is also reported that the rates of cancer are generally high in countries with high standards of living and educational levels. Additional disparities include financial burden and low screening rates.<\/p>\n Evidence demonstrates that the best way of reducing cancer disparities is by promoting equitable healthcare (National Cancer Institute, 2020). I will start at the local level, by ensuring that healthcare facilities do not discriminate against cancer patients before I advocate for policy change at the national level. The policy change will help overcome racial, systemic social, and institutional inequalities.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Levine, M. S., & Holland, A. J. (2018). The impact of mitotic errors on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.\u00a0Genes & Development<\/em>,\u00a032<\/em>(9-10), 620\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gad.314351.118<\/a><\/p>\n Mercadante, A. A., & Kasi, A. (2020).\u00a0Genetics, Cancer Cell Cycle Phases<\/em>. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK563158\/<\/a><\/p>\n Nandalur, K. R., Colvin, R., Walker, D., Nandalur, S. R., Seifman, B., Gangwish, D., & Hafron, J. (2021). Benign prostate hyperplasia as a potentially protective factor against prostate cancer: Insights from a magnetic resonance imaging study of compositional characteristics.\u00a0The Prostate<\/em>,\u00a081<\/em>(14), 1097\u20131104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.24207<\/a><\/p>\n National Cancer Institute. (2020, September 25).\u00a0Cancer Statistics<\/em>. National Cancer Institute; Cancer.gov. https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/understanding\/statistics<\/a><\/p>\n (For students majoring in both science and nonscience disciplines.) An overview of the biological basis of cancer. The goal is to apply knowledge of cancer biology to adopt appropriate lifestyle strategies and evaluate current treatments. The causes, development, and progression of cancer are considered at the level of cell structure and function. The roles of genes and proteins are also examined. Students may receive credit for only one of the following courses: BIOL 304 or GNSC 398C.<\/p>\n Did you know that cancer is a leading cause of illness and death in the United States? Did you ever wonder how it develops and what you can do to reduce your risk of developing cancer? Understanding the difference between good and bad cellular growth is important, and knowing how to limit the growth of cancer cells is useful for maintaining good health.<\/p>\n In this course, we will discuss the different types of cancers; what factors (genetic, environmental, and behavioral) contribute to cancer development; and what are the most appropriate and useful treatments available in the fight against cancer.<\/p>\n After completing this course, you should be able to<\/p>\n \u00e2\u20ac\u00a2 identify properties involved in maintaining homeostasis in order to recognize how certain factors contribute to cancer<\/p>\n \u00e2\u20ac\u00a2 recognize the complexity of cancer and assess current approaches for screening, diagnosis, and treatment in order to adopt appropriate lifestyle strategies<\/p>\n \u00e2\u20ac\u00a2 apply knowledge of causes, development, and progression of cancer to ask questions and make informed decisions about personal and public health<\/p>\n Click to access your course materials information<\/p>\n Contacting your Faculty Member<\/p>\n You can use the Instant Messages feature within the classroom to send a message to your faculty member, or you can use email. See the Overview section under Content to find the contact information for your faculty member.<\/p>\n Are you new to UMGC and need help navigating the LEO classroom? Check out the Online Classroom Overview: For Undergraduate and Graduate Courses video on the Learning Experience Online website.<\/p>\n Science Learning Center (SLC). You can enter this site from under Course Content. The SLC houses a set of instructional and support materials of use across the science curriculum. Currently, the SLC houses two items:<\/p>\n 1. The Scientific Method Tutorial – This module provides an excellent description of the Scientific Method. This method is integral to all science, and is important for our course.<\/p>\n 2. The Science Studies Tutorial – This piece is designed to provide students with some tips and strategies for taking a science course. Some of the strategies in this unit are generic and apply to students’ general study habits for all courses. Other segments of the unit are specific to taking a science course. This unit is short and should not take more than 30-40 minutes to complete. I recommend that you read the unit during the first couple of weeks of the semester. If you have difficulty with science, then the Science Study Skills Unit is a MUST READ.<\/p>\n i. College Writing Essentials<\/p>\n The majority of content is written in the student\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s own words, and directly quoted content is limited to less than 10% of total content iii. Effective Writing Center (EWC). You can access helpful writing resources through UMGC\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s Effective Writing Center (EWC). The EWC provides excellent information for improving your writing skills, writing a paper, incorporating citation formats, and many other writing skills. https:\/\/www.umgc.edu\/current-students\/learning-resources\/writing-center\/index.cfm<\/a><\/p>\n iv. The Research Assignment Calculator for Time management of your research papers. https:\/\/libapps.umgc.edu\/calculator\/calculator.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n The UMGC library has developed resources to aid in the research of science-related databases, Websites, books, and e-books. The Library Services site also provides information on how to find articles, and 24-hour access to UMGC librarians. The link to the Library Guide can be found at http:\/\/libguides.umgc.edu\/science.<\/a><\/p>\n Get books and materials before the semester begins Begin the course work on time and early (in the first 1-2 days of the semester) Now that you have read the Syllabus, you should recognize that this course requires active student participation. An online course requires you to put in at least the same amount of time as an in-classroom course. During this 8-week semester, you will be expected to work 15 -18 hours per week in order to keep up with the fast pace of the course. Some students will manage with less, while some may need more time. Active participation is required in all online courses, and you should expect to log in to your online course several times a week.<\/p>\n Summing Up a Successful Online Student. An online course places more responsibility on the student (and subsequently more independence) than a face-to-face course. Therefore, a successful online student must exercise more self-discipline than a face-to-face student. A successful online student is one who:<\/p>\n reads the Course Schedule’s assigned reading material thoroughly before responding in a conference This course uses Turnitin, a software tool embedded in the online classroom to support the development and assessment of academic writing, including ensuring the authenticity of student work through a Similarity Report that highlights any matching areas in your paper found in another submitted paper in the Turnitin repository using a range from 0% to 100%. The use of Turnitin in this class is different than how it may have been used in your other classes in that there is no need to create a separate account. You only need to submit your assignment within the classroom. Shortly after you submit your assignment you will receive helpful feedback to improve your writing from within the Turnitin software tool.<\/p>\n You can submit your assignments to Turnitin multiple times before the assignment due date. Once you submit an assignment to the Assignment folder, your assignment will be submitted automatically to Turnitin generating a Similarity Report. When a Similarity Report is available for viewing, a similarity score percentage will be made available that can be accessed from the Assignment folder by selecting the Submitted link located under “Completion Status” or by clicking the View History button. Here are additional instructions for how to view the Turnitin report within the assignment folders if needed: https:\/\/libguides.umgc.edu\/turnitin-students<\/a><\/p>\n2) Explain in your own words why cancer is often referred to as a disease of the cell cycle.<\/strong><\/h2>\n
3) Describe the relationship between hyperplasia and benign tumor growth.\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our Verified MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS: BIOL 304 6380 The Biology of Cancer<\/em> <\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n
Discussion Topic 2:<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1). What are the 5 most common cancers based on 2020 data?\u00a0 What gender, race\/ethnicity, and environmental\/behavioral disparities exist according to the 2020 data regarding cancer and mortality rates<\/a>?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
2). As a society, how do you think we could decrease some of these disparities?\u00a0 How would you approach doing so?\u00a0 Would you begin at the local, state, national, or international level, so bottom-up approach or a top-down approach?\u00a0 Why?\u00a0 Give a brief proposal of where you would start and what you would do.<\/strong><\/h2>\n
BIOL 304 6380 The Biology of Cancer\u00a0 References<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Course Description<\/h2>\n
Course Introduction<\/h4>\n
Course Outcomes<\/h3>\n
Course Materials<\/h3>\n
Class Guidelines<\/h3>\n
Classroom Navigation<\/h3>\n
Helpful Resources<\/h2>\n
A. Orientation to Science Courses<\/h3>\n
B. Orientation to College Writing<\/h3>\n
\nIntroduction previews the main points, and conclusion summarizes main points
\nIdeas are presented clearly, follow sound logic, and flow coherently and cohesively
\nContent is expressed using standard grammar, punctuation and spelling conventions
\nParagraph content reflects reasonable transitions
\nContent reflects synthesis and critical analysis of referenced sources
\nIdeas are supported by referenced evidence, and full citations are provided for all reference sources
\nii. Citing and Writing Page (https:\/\/sites.umgc.edu\/library\/libhow\/gethelp-citing.cfm<\/a>) On this page you will find links to tutorials and resources to help you become a better researcher and writer, through proper attribution and citation of your sources, and the avoidance of academic dishonesty.<\/p>\nC. Library Guide for the Sciences<\/h3>\n
ii. Tips for Success<\/h3>\n
\nLog in to online classroom before the semester begins
\nComplete orientation (if new online college student)
\nView and print the syllabus and mark calendar with important course dates
\nRead start-up\/orientation materials posted by faculty member<\/p>\n
\nStart weekly assignments early in the week (Do not wait until 1-2 days before they are due) Check the online classroom, classroom messages and announcements, and your email every 1-2 days for new information
\niii. Student Participation Expectations<\/p>\na. Time Commitment:<\/h3>\n
b. Study and Work Habits:<\/h3>\n
\nprepares personal study notes (like classroom notes) each week from the reading assignment addressing key points, key figures, and defines any bold-faced terms
\nconsiders outlining the course material for personal study
\nparticipates two-to-three times per week in discussions and avoids late-week discussion comments
\nengages the material and others with enthusiasm and courtesy
\nschedules adequate time to do the work
\nasks for help when needed
\ninteracts with others in the class
\nis self-motivated
\nturns in well-drafted, proofed, and properly cited and referenced assignments prior to their due dates
\nkeeps copies of all work and instructor responses in case of an emergency
\nUse of Turnitin in this Course<\/p>\n