What are social determinants of health? NRS 428

What are social determinants of health? NRS 428

What are social determinants of health? Explain how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease. Describe the fundamental idea that the communicable disease chain model is designed to represent. Give an example of the steps a nurse can take to break the link within the communicable disease chain.

Resources within your text covering international/global health, and the websites in the topic materials, will assist you in answering this discussion question.

Shana

Replies

Social determinants of health include biological, environmental, social, and economic factors that influence the access and maintenance of health (Green, 2018). For example, those living in low socioeconomic areas may not have the resources to obtain fresh food and will oftentimes rely on fast food chains. According to a study posted by the American Journal of Public Health (2012), low-income areas had 2.5 times more fast-food chains than those living in more affluent areas. As a result of this many minorities living in low-income areas have a great risk of obesity and comorbidities such as type II diabetes and hypertension. While the study done by the American Journal of Public Health was more than five years ago, the results of their study continue to be prevalent as the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) states children and adolescents are more likely to be obese than their higher-income counterparts. This is an example of how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease. The child who has grown up with a poor diet is less likely to change their diet habits as adults resulting in fatal health conditions.

Social determinants also contribute to the spread of communicable diseases due to crowding, sanitization, uncontaminated water, and access to health care (Green,2018). The infectious disease process of communicable diseases is represented by the chain model also known as the chain of infection. The chain of infection begins with the infectious organism and describes how the organism reproduces and spreads through contact, droplets, or surfaces (Green,2018). As the nurse taking care of an individual with a communicable disease the simplest and most effective form of breaking the chain is by proper hand-washing. The nurse can also contribute to the stop of the chain by wiping down surfaces with the proper cleaning agents, placing the appropriate PPE outside of the patient’s room, and clustering care to avoid excessive time inside of the patient’s room. All of these interventions contribute to the stop of the transmission phase of the chain model.

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Reference:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). About Social Determinants of Health (SDOH). https://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/about.html

Green, S. Z. (2018). Community & Public Health: The Future of Health Care. Retrieved from

https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs427vn/community-and-public-health-the-future-of-health-

care/v1.1/#/chapter/2

Hilmers, A., Hilmers, D. C., & Dave, J. (2012). Neighborhood disparities in access to healthy

foods and their effects on environmental justice. American journal of public

health, 102(9), 1644–1654. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300865

Brandie Beck

replied toShana Fogelman

Jan 6, 2022, 3:46 PM

Replies to Shana Fogelman

Hi Shana, great post this week! ” The core components to health require quality and quantity health care information, services, programs, and facilities for every person despite age, sex, location, and socioeconomic status (WHO, 2017b).” (Green, 2018) SDOH is important because it determines the over health of an individual or population. Because of this we need to be sure health care information is provided, services, programs and facilities are available for all locations and no matter the socioeconomic status as well. Another way a nurse can break the chain of infection could be to wear the proper PPE and knowing how to put on and off the equipment when coming out of a room.

Resources

Grand Canyon University (Ed). (2018). Community & public health: The future of health care. Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs427vn/community-and-public-health-the-future-of-health-care/v1.1/

Anita Muric

replied toShana Fogelman

Jan 8, 2022, 2:22 PM

Replies to Shana Fogelman

Hi Shana, I agree with you on keeping the environment clean by wiping down surfaces, washing hands, and clustering care in order to break the chain of within the communicable disease. According to Infection prevention and you, approximately 1 in 31 people die each year with infections. Many of those infection could have been prevented by proper infection practices such as, cleaning hands and making sure that everyone that takes care of the patient cleans their hands, if patient sis scheduled for surgery ask if they should shower with a germ killing soap ahead of time, instruct patients to take their medications as directed, especially when it comes to antibiotics, cover sneezes and coughs, implementing safe injection practices ( Infection Prevention and You, n.d.).

Infection Prevention and You (n.d.). Infection Prevention Basics. Infection Prevention Basics | infectionpreventionandyou.org

Judy Han

Posted Date

Jan 6, 2022, 12:58 AM

Replies to Shana Fogelman

Social determinants of health are “conditions contributing or hindering a person’s well-being” such as “where people are born, grow, live, play, learn, worship, work, and age” and “affect a person’s ability to have and maintain good health” (Grand Canyon University, 2018). These can include health disparities which impair good health, such as poverty and lack of resources, poor nutrition, lack of housing. One example of a disparity, poor sanitation can contribute to the development of disease by promoting environments that contain more contact with pathogens.

The chain of infection represents that communicable diseases are cyclical and go through different phases of their lifespan. A nurse’s role within the communicable disease chain is to prevent pathogens from exiting their hosts and transmitting to other susceptible hosts in the hospital environment. Breaking the chain of infection by interrupting the method of transmission or portal of entry are conceptually among a nurse’s responsibilities. Transmission can include direct contact between two hosts, or indirect contact where the pathogen is in the air first or lands on medical equipment or ends up in another person’s surgical wound (Grand Canyon University, n.d.); the nurse can prevent this from happening by adhering to hospital policies, keeping wounds covered to prevent infection, cleaning ports on IVs with alcohol, and educating patients. They can also prevent communicable diseases from entering the environment by encouraging hygiene and following policies.

References

Grand Canyon University. (n.d.). Chain of Infection. Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nsg403c/chain-of-infection/chain-of-infection-v1.1.html