Topic 7 DQ 2: What are some of the major ethical issues in conducting research that impacts the advanced registered nurse?

Topic 7 DQ 2 What are some of the major ethical issues in conducting research that impacts the advanced registered nurse

What are some of the major ethical issues in conducting research that impacts the advanced registered nurse? Discuss the role of the advanced registered nurse in advocating for patient safety and rights in conducting research.

REPLY TO DISCUSSION

Class,

Here are a few APA tips based on some common mistakes I often see:

When referencing a book, the place of publication is not included in the reference, just the publisher’s name, per 7th edition APA.
When citing and referencing a source with three or more authors: on the reference list, all of the authors should be listed and, in the citation, use the first author’s name followed by et al. all of the time, per 7th edition APA.
When referencing a journal article, the title of the journal should be italicized, not the title of the article.
When formatting an in-text citation for a direct quote, the information should be in quotation marks, and the page number included as part of the citation.
Remember when creating a reference list, only materials that were cited in the paper should be listed.
When there are two articles written by the same author in the same year, both the in-text citation and the reference list should have a letter after the year to tell them apart.

As you have now completed the quiz and two APA formatted papers and in preparation for the final assignment, what unanswered questions do you have regarding APA format? When you have APA questions, what is your go-to resource?

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I have used the APA format in the past, but it was several years ago. It has been easier than expected to learn to use it again. Many things have helped me so far in this course including one of the first assignments pertaining to learning to navigate the online environment, instructor feedback, and the quiz. I learned how to find many different resources early in the course, and I bookmark them for easier access when I need them. I do not have any unanswered questions at the moment related to APA format. As I utilize different kinds of resources and references in my assignments, I learn more about how to cite them including how to cite quotes, citing sources with more than three authors, and citing two articles with the same author. My go-to is the research guide in the Grand Canyon University Library. I always have it pulled up on my computer for easy access.

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APA ensures proper paper formatting and organization of assignments. APA ensures that ideas and research information is presented invariably. The presented guides have helped me write the assignments. Creating accurate references and citations in APA is quite a task. One question that is a bit confusing is the APA referencing for websites. In some cases, we use sources from reputable websites such as ANA, AACN, and WHO. The confusion is on whether to italicize the website’s title or not. Also, can the header be omitted in APA 7? Another question that I would like clarification on is on block citations on quoted content. Besides, citing quoted text often requires the indication of page numbers. What happens when the content has no page numbers, for instance, in the case of e-books and websites?

Topic 7 DQ 2 What are some of the major ethical issues in conducting research that impacts the advanced registered nurse

When I have APA questions, my go-to resource includes GCU APA resource guides, in the students’ resource center. I also use the internet to clarify some of the questions. Some helpful resources on the internet include Purdue OWL. With all these resources, I anticipate demonstrating excellent referencing and citation skills for my last assignment since I will have all my pending questions answered. As a professional, accurately and communicating research findings and ideas is crucial. I also look forward to applying the APA knowledge outside my class assignments to facilitate research organization and clear communication. APA style provides clarity on complex topics by ensuring a good flow. APA encourages a direct exposition of our research and ensures and emphasizes the original ideas being presented.

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APA formatting was one of the challenges that I faced in this course, even though I used APA format writing for my BSN program. I

am getting improved with each assignment and valuable feedback. I don’t have any questions at this time regarding the APA format. When I have to refer to the APA format, I will use the academic writer tutorial located APA website. It will provide tips and well-defined explanations of each part with examples. The quiz and two papers really help to understand the proper use of APA format in future assignments. Also, I use the APA template, which assists in writing papers in the required format more efficiently.

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APA (American Psychological Association) formatting in our papers is especially important, as a graduate student. This keeps our paper organized and helps to increase the clarity and it is easy to read. Learning APA format is a little challenging. I had a grim time when I started with APA format. I always go back to APA guide in GCU library resource or writing center in student success center. It is extremely useful to use GCU APA templates. I learn more about APA format after each assignment from my mistakes and feedback. So, I tried to correct and improve each time. I am still learning how to cite references, particularly between books, magazines, and Journals but I always go back to GCU library APA guide and refer.

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Hello,

I have worked with APA in the past and I am finally starting to get comfortable with it again. I no longer feel the need to double check my work for standard citations. However, the one thing I still struggle with is when to italicize or use quotations. For instance, if I am emphasizing a term in a paper, would that be italicized, or would I use quotations? I believe titles would be italicized, but I am uncertain with terms. The APA format sources that have been supplied to us throughout this class have been extremely beneficial. My personal favorite resource to utilize for APA formatting is Purdue Owl. This website goes into specific detail about basically every in-text citation that you could imagine. Additionally, this website provides you with an abundance of information regarding reference lists. Purdue Owl also lists examples for specific APA requirements. Basically, every question that I have ever had regarding APA formatting has been answered by searching Purdue Owl.

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Learning to use APA formatting has been the most challenging part of this course. Having not been in school for many years, I was unfamiliar with the practice. Through the assignments and feedback, I have become more comfortable using the writing style. I find the GCU library’s style guide and templates to be helpful when both formatting papers and creating citations. I especially like the examples of citations of different source types provided. With repetition, this practice is getting easier to incorporate into my writing.

One question that I still have is in regard to citing a website. When I try to copy and paste a URL into my reference list, it gets turned into a hyperlink. I don’t know how to prevent this, so I’ve been manually typing the web address into my reference list. Do you have any tips on this?

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Going through this course, I learned a lot about the APA format from reviewing the APA format checklist and the Citing Sources from the GCU library research guides. The most challenging for me related to APA formatting is citing sources so I saved this page to my favorites. I always leave it open and no matter how many times I cite sources, I still go back and check this page to ensure that I am citing it correctly. Despite that, however, I still make small random mistakes and I appreciate the feedback provided through the grade book because then I become more vigilant in ensuring that I don’t make those mistakes again.

I also attended the webinar that was offered regarding APA format in the GCU library and picked up a few tips from the session. It was very helpful, especially for somebody who has never used this type of format before. The webinar focused on citing sources, margins, indents, fonts, and font size. In my first class, we were also given a sample template that we can use as a guide in writing the paper and that has helped a lot as well. Overall, although there is still a lot to learn, especially in citing sources using the APA format, I feel a little more confident than I was at the beginning of this course.

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Ethics in nursing focused on the overall well-being of the patient but in research ethics, the principal idea is respect for persons. In clinical research, the nurse-patient relationship becomes the nurse-research participant relationship. Two major ethical issues that came with clinical research are the inability to provide a known or probable good/do no harm and conflicted allegiances and/or dual professional obligations.

The inability to provide a known or probable good/do no harm has many core components. Feelings of powerlessness when the situation arises patient needs therapeutic treatments such as drugs or equipment, the research nurse is not able to provide and cannot continue the same drugs or equipment after the research ended because insurance was not covering those drugs. So, they feel they are in the middle and cannot help their patients in this situation. Clinical research nurses also expressed concern over internal conflicts they experienced in terms of worrying about whether enrolling a subject in a study could potentially be harmful (Larkin et al 2019). Also, situations like participants having difficulty understanding the purpose of the research and the uncertainty of the outcome make nurses uncomfortable and challenging. The second major issue centered around personal identity (being a nurse first) with the professional obligations inherent to that role (patient advocacy) and conflicted allegiance with certain elements of conducting the research. There can be a conflict between research responsibility and nursing responsibility.

Unresolved ethical challenges can lead to moral distress, distancing, and other negative consequences. This can negatively impact the research participants. So, it is especially important to resolve the challenges research nurses experience (Larkin et al 2019).

References

Larkin, M. E., Beardslee, B., Cagliero, E., Griffith, C. A., Milaszewski, K., Mugford, M. T., … & Witte, E. R. (2019). Ethical challenges experienced by clinical research nurses: A qualitative study. Nursing Ethics, 26(1), 172-184. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733017693441.

Nursing is a guided profession with ethics. Ethics govern healthcare professional actions, decisions, and their relationships with external and internal stakeholders. Ethics in nursing focused on the overall well-being of the patient but in research ethics, the principal idea is respect for persons. Therefore, healthcare professionals are expected to uphold ethics when attending to patients. Healthcare providers with ethics forms nurse-patient relationship (Stokes & Palmer, 2020). The connection is important in treatment and recovery processes. Besides, in clinical research, the nurse-patient relationship becomes the nurse-research participant relationship. However, maintaining a perfect nurse-patient relationship may be challenging due to ethical issues. Clinic research nurses understand the value of their relationship with patients. Unfortunately, internal conflicts may interfere with nurse-patient relationship. Personal differences may trigger tension and internal conflict that may hinder suitable rapport between patients and nurses (Kim & Park, 2019). Unresolved ethical challenges can lead to moral distress, distancing, and other negative consequences. Therefore, addressing these ethical issues in the infancy stages is important.

References

Kim, W. J., & Park, J. H. (2019). The effects of debate-based ethics education on the moral sensitivity and judgment of nursing students: A quasi-experimental study. Nurse Education Today, 83, 104200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.08.018

Stokes, F., & Palmer, A. (2020). Artificial intelligence and robotics in nursing: ethics of caring as a guide to dividing tasks between AI and humans. Nursing Philosophy, 21(4), e12306. https://doi.org/10.1111/nup.12306

Topic 7 DQ 2: What are some of the major ethical issues in conducting research that impacts the advanced registered nurse? Grading Rubric Guidelines

Performance Category	10	9	8	4	0
Scholarliness Demonstrates achievement of scholarly inquiry for professional and academic decisions.	Provides relevant evidence of scholarly inquiry clearly stating how the evidence informed or changed professional or academic decisions Evaluates literature resources to develop a comprehensive analysis or synthesis. Uses valid, relevant, and reliable outside sources to contribute to the threaded discussion	Provides relevant evidence of scholarly inquiry but does not clearly state how the evidence informed or changed professional or academic decisions. Evaluates information from source(s) to develop a coherent analysis or synthesis. Uses some valid, relevant, reliable outside sources to contribute to the threaded discussion.	Discusses using scholarly inquiry but does not state how scholarly inquiry informed or changed professional or academic decisions. Information is taken from source(s) with some interpretation/evaluation, but not enough to develop a coherent analysis or synthesis. Little valid, relevant, or reliable outside sources are used to contribute to the threaded discussion. Demonstrates little or no understanding of the topic.	Discusses using scholarly inquiry but does not state how scholarly inquiry informed or changed professional or academic decisions. Information is taken from source(s) without any interpretation/evaluation. The posting uses information that is not valid, relevant, or reliable	No evidence of the use of scholarly inquiry to inform or change professional or academic decisions. Information is not valid, relevant, or reliable
Performance Category	10	9	8	4	0
Application of Course Knowledge – Demonstrate the ability to analyze, synthesize, and/or apply principles and concepts learned in the course lesson and outside readings and relate them to real-life professional situations	Posts make direct reference to concepts discussed in the lesson or drawn from relevant outside sources; Applies concepts to personal experience in the professional setting and or relevant application to real life.	Posts make direct reference to concepts discussed in the lesson or drawn from relevant outside sources. Applies concepts to personal experience in their professional setting and or relevant application to real life Interactions with classmates are relevant to the discussion topic but do not make direct reference to lesson content	Posts are generally on topic but do not build knowledge by incorporating concepts and principles from the lesson. Does not attempt to apply lesson concepts to personal experience in their professional setting and or relevant application to real life Does not demonstrate a solid understanding of the principles and concepts presented in the lesson	Posts do not adequately address the question posed either by the discussion prompt or the instructor’s launch post. Posts are superficial and do not reflect an understanding of the lesson content Does not attempt to apply lesson concepts to personal experience in their professional setting and or relevant application to real life	Posts are not related to the topics provided by the discussion prompt or by the instructor; attempts by the instructor to redirect the student are ignored No discussion of lesson concepts to personal experience in the professional setting and or relevant application to real life
Performance Category	5	4	3	2	0
Interactive Dialogue Replies to each graded thread topic posted by the course instructor, by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT, of each week, and posts a minimum of two times in each graded thread, on separate days. *(5 points possible per graded thread)*	Exceeds minimum post requirements Replies to each graded thread topic posted by the course instructor, by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT, of each week, and posts three or more times in each graded thread, over three separate days. Replies to a post posed by faculty and to a peer Summarizes what was learned from the lesson, readings, and other student posts for the week.	Replies to each graded thread topic posted by the course instructor, by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT, of each week, and posts a minimum of two times in each graded thread, on separate days Replies to a question posed by a peer Summarizes what was learned from the lesson, readings, and other student posts for the week.	Meets expectations of 2 posts on 2 different days. The main post is not made by the Wednesday deadline Does not reply to a question posed by a peer or faculty	Has only one post for the week Discussion posts contain few, if any, new ideas or applications; often are a rehashing or summary of other students’ comments	Does not post to the thread No connections are made to the topic
	Minus 1 Point	Minus 2 Point	Minus 3 Point	Minus 4 Point	Minus 5 Point
Grammar, Syntax, APA Note: if there are only a few errors in these criteria, please note this for the student in as an area for improvement. If the student does not make the needed corrections in upcoming weeks, then points should be deducted. Points deducted for improper grammar, syntax and APA style of writing. The source of information is the APA Manual 6th Edition	2-3 errors in APA format. Written responses have 2-3 grammatical, spelling, and punctuation errors. Writing style is generally clear, focused, and facilitates communication.	4-5 errors in APA format. Writing responses have 4-5 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Writing style is somewhat focused.	6-7 errors in APA format. Writing responses have 6-7 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Writing style is slightly focused making discussion difficult to understand.	8-10 errors in APA format. Writing responses have 8-10 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Writing style is not focused, making discussion difficult to understand.	Post contains greater than 10 errors in APA format. Written responses have more than 10 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Writing style does not facilitate communication. The student continues to make repeated mistakes in any of the above areas after written correction by the instructor
	0 points lost				-5 points lost
Total Participation Requirements *per discussion thread*	The student answers the threaded discussion question or topic on one day and posts a second response on another day.				The student does not meet the minimum requirement of two postings on two different days
Early Participation Requirement *per discussion thread*	The student must provide a substantive answer to the graded discussion question(s) or topic(s), posted by the course instructor (not a response to a peer), by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT of each week.				The student does not meet the requirement of a substantive response to the stated question or topic by Wednesday at 11:59 pm MT.