Sample Answer for SEARCHING DATABASES NURS 6052 Included After Question
When you decide to purchase a new car, you first decide what is important to you. If mileage and dependability are the important factors, you will search for data focused more on these factors and less on color options and sound systems.
The same holds true when searching for research evidence to guide your clinical inquiry and professional decisions. Developing a formula for an answerable, researchable question that addresses your need will make the search process much more effective. One such formula is the PICO(T) format.
In this Discussion, you will transform a clinical inquiry into a searchable question in PICO(T) format, so you can search the electronic databases more effectively and efficiently. You will share this PICO(T) question and examine strategies you might use to increase the rigor and effectiveness of a database search on your PICO(T) question.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEKLY RESOURCES
To Prepare:
- Review the Resources and identify a clinical issue of interest that can form the basis of a clinical inquiry.
- Review the materials offering guidance on using databases, performing keyword searches, and developing PICO(T) questions provided in the Resources.
- Based on the clinical issue of interest and using keywords related to the clinical issue of interest, search at least two different databases in the Walden Library to identify at least four relevant peer-reviewed articles related to your clinical issue of interest. You should not be using systematic reviews for this assignment, select original research articles.
- Review the Resources for guidance and develop a PICO(T) question of interest to you for further study. It is suggested that an Intervention-type PICOT question be developed as these seem to work best for this course.
*Library tip:
Walden Library recommends starting your search broadly with one concept or search word and adding more elements one at a time. Depending on your topic, the evidence will not necessarily address all the aspects of your PICO(T) question in one article. Select the most important concepts to search and find the best evidence available, even if that means assembling evidence from multiple articles.
- Nursing Research PageLinks to an external site.– databases and resources specifically for Nursing
- Evidence-Based Practice guide: Evidence TypesLinks to an external site.
- Nursing and Health research videosLinks to an external site., including a 15-minute introduction
- Get HelpLinks to an external site.page, including Ask a LibrarianLinks to an external site. service
Quick Answers:
- How do I find an article that reports on research that uses a specific methodology?Links to an external site.
- How do I find original or primary research that analyzes empirical data?Links to an external site.
- What is the Find at Walden button?Links to an external site.
BY DAY 3 OF WEEK 4
Post a brief description of your clinical issue of interest. This clinical issue will remain the same for the entire course and will be the basis for the development of your PICOT question. Describe your search results in terms of the number of articles returned on original research and how this changed as you added search terms using your Boolean operators. Finally, explain strategies you might make to increase the rigor and effectiveness of a database search on your PICO(T) question. Be specific and provide examples.
BY DAY 6 OF WEEK 4
Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days and provide further suggestions on how their database search might be improved.
A Sample Answer For the Assignment: SEARCHING DATABASES NURS 6052
Title: SEARCHING DATABASES NURS 6052
When nerve signals between the bladder and the brain do not work effectively, it results in Overactive bladder (OAB). About 30% of men and 40% of women in the U.S. live with OAB (Urology Care Foundation,2020). A well-constructed PICOT question helps find the best evidence available to influence practice. The question should be formulated before starting a literature search (Melnyk, et al. 2009).
PICO(T) Question: Does the InterStim neuromodulator implant for the treatment of Overactive bladder really work by decreasing or even stopping urinary urgency and frequency?
To formulate questions in Evidence Based Practice, the PICO(T) format is used. PICO(T) is a mnemonic derived from:
- Population/Patient problem: Patients diagnosed with Overactive Bladder.
- Intervention: Insertion of a neuro modulator implant.
- Comparison: Alternative treatments such as Diet modification, Bladder training, use of Anticholinergic drugs, Kegel exercises, Hydrodistension of the bladder, Bladder Botox
- Outcome: Reduction of day and nighttime frequency as well as episodes of uncontrollable urgency.
- Time: (Time element is not always included): Trial implant for a week, if symptoms improve within a week, a permanent neuromodulator is implanted under the skin of the upper buttock and connected to the sacral nerve by way of a wire tunneled under the skin.
CINAHL Plus with Full Text and Medline with full text were the two databases used for the research.
MEDLINE with full text search:
Original Term: Overactive bladder. This resulted in 10,322 articles. I limited my search to articles within 11 years, only peer reviewed, full text articles When I added search terms using Boolean operators, it resulted in 3 articles.
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CINAHL Plus with Full Text search:
Original Term: Overactive bladder resulted in 7,822 articles. When I added search terms using Boolean operators, it resulted in 12 articles.
One strategy to increase the effectiveness of a database search for a PICO(T) question is to be specific in using the keywords for your search. I had a difficult time initially finding information for treatments for Overactive bladder, using the InterStim treatment. I also learned that the search cannot be a long, broad search, however it should be disease specific and search using minimal words. Also know the correct abbreviation of the keywords you want to use in your search, I attempted to use O.B. for Overactive bladder instead of O.A.B, and it yielded no results.
Reference
Library of Congress(n.d.). Boolean Operators and Nesting. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/ui/en_US/htdocs/help/searchBoolean.html
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Urology Care Foundation. (2020). What is Overactive bladder? Retrieved on December 21, 2020 from https://www.urologyhealth.org/urology-a-z/o/overactive-bladder-(oab)
Walden University Library. (n.d.-a). Databases A-Z: Nursing. Retrieved December 21,2020 from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/az.php?s=19981
A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: SEARCHING DATABASES NURS 6052
Title: SEARCHING DATABASES NURS 6052
Evidence-based practice, also known as EBP, can be discovered in many different places, including journals, textbooks, databases, and so on. When conducting research, one must make certain that the information that they are looking for and evaluating comes from a reputable source. If credible resources are utilized, the evidence and study will have a greater potential to be held to a higher level. It is possible to acquire resources on your own or through places of employment or educational institutions. Unfortunately, policymakers continuously signal that dependable resources are required to ensure that patients are receiving the greatest patient care that is available from their healthcare providers; however, resources are not always available without constraints as required (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2018).
What is PICO(T)?
The population of interest (P), intervention or issue of interest (I), comparison of interest (C), the outcome expected (O), and time for an intervention to achieve the outcome (T) is PICOT (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). PICOT questioning is a method of research that is utilized to identify the clinical evidence that is of the highest quality for use in practice. This is accomplished by conducting investigations in a manner that is both objective and productive (Ford & Melnyk, 2019). The researcher has the ability to employ a form of research known as PICOT questioning in order to reduce the outcomes of the evidential investigation to a more manageable level. The use of opioids in patients who are suffering from severe shortness of breath is an area of clinical interest that is both exciting and interesting.
In patients that are suffering from severe dyspnea during end-of-life (P), can the use of opioids (I) be a beneficial intervention, compared to those not near end-of-life (C), to reduce the feeling of breathlessness (O), within a period of 2 weeks or less (T)?
Research With and Without The Boolean process is a method that is utilized that inserts a variety of phrases (such as OR, AND, etc.) between the primary terms that helps to limit down the search results by processing them in a given order. This method is called the Boolean method (Library of Congress, n.d.). Within the Walden Nursing Library, a search for publications using the key phrases “opioids for dyspnea” resulted in the retrieval of 486 different articles. When searching for “opioids for dyspnea AND end-of-life AND morphine,” only nine articles were retrieved. This was the result of employing the Boolean approach. When the primary search terms were altered to read “opiates for dyspnea AND morphine sulfate,” only one result was discovered. 313 articles were found when searching for “dyspnea OR breathlessness AND opioid use.” There were twenty publications discovered when the search terms “dyspnea OR breathlessness, AND opioid use, AND efficacy” were used. Last but not least, using the search terms “dyspnea OR breathlessness, AND opioid usage, AND end-of-life care,” 62 articles that are linked to this topic were found.ut the Boolean Process
Strategies for an Effective Database Search
When looking at the differences in the numbers that resulted from the searches that were carried out, it is obvious to see that the utilization of various words and the combination of these phrases can provide a variety of different results. When looking for particular publications, it is essential to be certain that the researcher is use the appropriate terminology in their search. When looking for particular articles that are associated with the administration of opioids during end-of-life care, there are quite a number distinct word combinations that can be searched for. Some of these combinations include: The researcher ought to make use of combos that will bring about the most specific materials, for as employing “dyspnea OR breathlessness, AND opioid use,” in conjunction with “AND effectiveness” or “AND end-of-life care.”
These two searches appeared to turn up a number of articles that would be useful in compiling information on the topic at hand. The researcher’s inability to obtain sufficient information, in addition to the aggravation that comes from having to read a large number of articles in order to amass a relatively small quantity of new information, can undermine the thoroughness of the investigation. The level of rigor can be maintained so long as the researcher makes it a point to keep in mind the vast number of papers that have been written on each and every subject. The researcher merely needs to keep up the pace and keep seeking until all of the relevant material is located and validated.
References
Gallagher Ford, L., & Melnyk, B. M. (2019). The Underappreciated and Misunderstood PICOT Question: A Critical Step in the EBP Process. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 16(6), 422–423. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12408
Library of Congress. (n.d.). Search/browse help – Boolean operators and nesting. Retrieved December 21, 2021, from https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/ui/en_US/htdocs/help/searchBoolean.html
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
A Sample Answer 3 For the Assignment: SEARCHING DATABASES NURS 6052
Title: SEARCHING DATABASES NURS 6052
I enjoyed reading your post. This topic of interest is near to my heart since I have three children of my own and I know first-hand how the pandemic affected them. My oldest is now 16 but 13 at the time of COVID-19 and I would say that was her hardest years of adolescence. According to the world health organization, social withdrawal can exacerbate isolation and loneliness and this can lead to depression (2021). The whole school year, of the pandemic, my school-aged children were isolated in our own home away from family and friends. The following year my oldest daughter was clinically diagnosed with anxiety and depression. We have endured an inpatient stay, outpatient therapy, and lots of prescription medications, but have finally turned the corner to a brighter future. Overall, the pandemic undoubtedly affected the mental health of everyone and especially children. On another note, I do think that utilizing the Boolean terms properly will help your research efforts. According to the clinical information access portal depending on what you want to research that will determine which term to utilize, AND is for narrowing your search, OR is for broadening, and NOT is for excluding certain items (1996). This website also had infographics that helped me understand how to utilize Boolean terms properly. I hope you find it as resourceful as I did.
References:
Clinical Information Access Portal. (1996). Combining terms with Boolean Operators (AND, OR, NOT). Combining terms with Boolean Operators (AND, OR, NOT) – CIAP Clinical Information Access Portal. Retrieved December 20, 2022, from https://www.ciap.health.nsw.gov.au/training/ebp-learning-modules/module2/combining-terms-with-boolean-operators-and-or-not.html#:~:text=Combining%20terms%20with%20Boolean%20Operators%20%28AND%2C%20OR%2C%20NOT%29,search%20result%20will%20contain%20both%20the%20…%20
World Health Organization. (2021, November 17). Adolescent mental health. World Health Organization. Retrieved December 20, 2022, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health#:~:text=Depression%20is%20estimated%20to%20occur%20among%201.1%25%20of,disorders%20can%20profoundly%20affect%20school%20attendance%20and%20schoolwork
A Sample Answer 4 For the Assignment: SEARCHING DATABASES NURS 6052
Title: SEARCHING DATABASES NURS 6052
The topic of interest I have chosen to focus on is the increased incidence of pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension in pregnant women. This particular topic has become more and more significant, affecting several women of different backgrounds during their pregnancies. However, there is not a definitive answer or etiology as to how or why this particular disease process happens so frequently. In my work, I typically have one or two patients a day who are affected by hypertension while pregnant and sometimes, these clinical symptoms do not develop until the postpartum period. I am hopeful that there will eventually be an answer as to why this occurs in so many pregnancies. Unfortunately, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and gestational hypertension do not discriminate and can affect anyone, whether they have risk factors or not.
Initially, when first beginning my research on the topic of pre-eclampsia, thousands of results were found. Using the Walden library database makes researching topics much easier and efficient by being able to refine the results to “full text” and “peer-reviewed articles”. This helps filter out any unwanted journals that may not provide specific results and data. After using these filters I added in other keywords such as “chronic hypertension” and “aspirin use” to further limit my results to achieve the specific articles I was searching for. I also added in Boolean terms to achieve successful search results. Boolean terms or operators use words such as “and”, “or”, and “not” in the search to provide relevant and precise results (Walden University, n.d.). This tactic also helped to significantly reduce the number of results found. Using more than one database will also help to formulate specific results and widen the variety of articles and research found. All of these strategies will help to achieve my desired PICO(T) question (Duquesne University, 2020).
The PICO(T) question I would formulate on the topic of pre-eclampsia would be: For pregnant women (P) does the use of aspirin in the first trimester (I) reduce the future risk of pre-eclampsia (O) compared with pregnant woman who do not take aspirin (C) during the first 12 weeks (T) of pregnancy?
References
Academic guides: Keyword searching: Finding articles on your topic: CONNECT KEYWORDS. Connect Keywords – Keyword Searching: Finding Articles on Your Topic – Academic Guides at Walden University. (n.d.). Retrieved December 21, 2022, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/keyword/boolean
Formulating a Picot question: Duquesne University. Duquesne University School of Nursing. (2020, September 26). Retrieved December 21, 2022, from https://onlinenursing.duq.edu/blog/formulating-a-picot-question/
Grading Rubric
| Performance Category | 100% or highest level of performance
100% 16 points |
Very good or high level of performance
88% 14 points |
Acceptable level of performance
81% 13 points |
Inadequate demonstration of expectations
68% 11 points |
Deficient level of performance
56% 9 points
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Failing level
of performance 55% or less 0 points |
| Total Points Possible= 50 | 16 Points | 14 Points | 13 Points | 11 Points | 9 Points | 0 Points |
| Scholarliness
Demonstrates achievement of scholarly inquiry for professional and academic topics. |
Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements:
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Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements:
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Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in all of the following elements:
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Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in one of the following elements:
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Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in two of the following elements:
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Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in three or more of the following elements
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| 16 Points | 14 Points | 13 Points | 11 Points | 9 Points | 0 Points | |
| Application of Course Knowledge
Demonstrate the ability to analyze and apply principles, knowledge and information learned in the outside readings and relate them to real-life professional situations |
Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements:
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Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements:
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Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all of the following elements:
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Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in one of the following elements:
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Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in two of the following elements:
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Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in three of the following elements
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| 10 Points | 9 Points | 6 Points | 0 Points | |||
| Interactive Dialogue
Initial post should be a minimum of 300 words (references do not count toward word count) The peer and instructor responses must be a minimum of 150 words each (references do not count toward word count) Responses are substantive and relate to the topic. |
Demonstrated all of the following:
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Demonstrated 3 of the following:
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Demonstrated 2 of the following:
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Demonstrated 1 or less of the following:
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| 8 Points | 7 Points | 6 Points | 5 Points | 4 Points | 0 Points | |
| Grammar, Syntax, APA
Points deducted for improper grammar, syntax and APA style of writing. The source of information is the APA Manual 6th Edition Error is defined to be a unique APA error. Same type of error is only counted as one error. |
The following was present:
AND
AND
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The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
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The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
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The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
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The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
AND/OR
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The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
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| 0 Points Deducted | 5 Points Lost | |||||
| Participation
Requirements |
Demonstrated the following:
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Failed to demonstrate the following:
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| 0 Points Lost | 5 Points Lost | |||||
| Due Date Requirements | Demonstrated all of the following:
A minimum of one peer and one instructor responses are to be posted within the course no later than Sunday, 11:59 pm MT. |
Demonstrates one or less of the following.
A minimum of one peer and one instructor responses are to be posted within the course no later than Sunday, 11:59 pm MT. |