PUB 540 Topic 7 DQ 2 Identify a health issue of your choice, such as an infectious disease, chronic disease or health issue prevalent in a specific target population

PUB 540 Topic 7 DQ 2 Identify a health issue of your choice, such as an infectious disease, chronic disease or health issue prevalent in a specific target population

PUB 540 Topic 7 DQ 2 Identify a health issue of your choice, such as an infectious disease, chronic disease or health issue prevalent in a specific target population

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Topic 7 DQ 2

Jun 2-6, 2022

Identify a health issue of your choice, such as an infectious disease (e.g., HIV, COVID-19, STD, measles), chronic disease (e.g., diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, specific cancer type, pulmonary disease) or health issue (e.g., drug abuse, domestic violence, suicide) prevalent in a specific target population (e.g., African American Women, Hispanic Men, Native Americans, Transgender Teens). Propose a study based on the methods you have learned thus far that are designed to investigate an association and the methods you would apply. Justify your choice of design. Discuss and define the risk factor or exposure that is being assessed, the method of comparison that is used, and the setting or situation (community, school, workplace, etc.) your study would look to address. Include in your proposal the concepts of causal inference, measures of association, and whether you will use an experimental or observational study design.

REPLY TO DISCUSSION

JT

Jun 8, 2022, 11:28 PM

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My study examines the incidence of risk factors among women giving birth in the United States in the year 2019, primarily African American Women. Among the risk factors associated with Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy, according to Wheelers et al. (2022), being African American is a risk factor for the hypertensive disorder of preeclampsia. This was a retrospective cohort study that used The National Center for Health Statistics birth certificate data to determine the number of pregnant women with moderate to high risk factors. In 2019 there were 3, 695,019 births, 528,778 with no risk and 169, 540 with 1 or more high risk factors, and 2,996,701 with 1 or more moderate risk factors in thre community. Aside from being African American other risk factors included: Multifetal gestation and low socioeconomic status were the two most common factors. Low socioeconomic status had an incidence of 46.9% in the moderate risk factor category and multifetal gestation had an incidence of 3.5% in the high-risk factor for developing preeclampsia. in addition to multifetal gestation, was pregestational diabetes and chronic hypertension. Preeclampsia is the leading cause for maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality due to the fact is causes growth restriction of the fetus, increases the chances of caesarian delivery, raises the risk of long-term maternal cardiovascular health issues. in this study, not only did the clinicians want to determine the incidence of preeclampsia, but they also sought to determine whether or not low dose aspirin could decrease the risk of preeclampsia in women with two or more associated risk factors.

In using Medicaid as a payer and participation in the women Infant program as markers for low-economic status, they also determined that race measures an individuals lived experience with racism.

 

This study may have met in answering the question related to incidence of preeclampsia and the risk factors that are associated with it both high-risk and moderate risk but did not answer the question as to the association of African American women having a higher incidence. Instead, extrapolated low-socioeconomic with possibly being African American. Yes, African American have higher incidence of diabetes and chronic hypertension, but that association with what was presented in this article was weak. On the other hand, did low dose aspirin significantly decrease preeclampsia with there known risk factors? Yes it did , as the main measure was to examine prevalence of these risk factor alone or in combination. The 2021 guidelines for moderate and high-risk factors for preeclampsia would benefit from a low dose aspirin regimen for those that met criteria for inclusion. Low dose aspirin is most effective if started by 16 weeks of pregnancy. Of course due to this being a cohort study, it is observational. So, the study design was to observe how effective low dose aspirin would be in decreasing the preeclampsia if the participant was determined to fir criteria according to their risk factors.

References PUB 540 Topic 7 DQ 2 Identify a health issue of your choice, such as an infectious disease, chronic disease or health issue prevalent in a specific target population

Wheeler, S. M., Myers, S. O., Swamy, G. K., & Myers, E. R. (2022). Estimated Prevalence of Risk Factors for Preeclampsia Among Individuals Giving Birth in the US in 2019. JAMA Network Open, 5(1), e2142343. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.42343

 

BC

 

Posted Date

Jun 8, 2022, 11:48 AM

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My choice of study of choice in the debilitating disease of diabetes’s within the African American Community. Studies have shown that 4.9 million African American adults or 18.7% of all African Americans who are twenty years or older have diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes ( Spanakis and Golden, 2013).  Data proves that biological risk factors are primarily responsible for high risk of diabetic diagnosis in the African American Community, but studies also suggest that making positive changes in known risk factors can aid in the reduction of racial health disparity for developing diabetes.

The study I would propose is a retrospective cohort study to depict the association of diabetes mellitus prevalence among the African American Community in southern regions. The study would place emphasis on population demographics and eating habitats.  I determined that a cohort study would be the most effective, cost efficient and provide informative because the targeted population share similar socioeconomic statutes, predispose familiar genes and similar living conditions/ habitats. Diabetes’s mellitus is common in the African American Community and more prevalent in individuals with low socioeconomic status, limited access to healthcare, unhealthy eating habitats, and sedimentary lifestyles. Therefore, record review such as medical records containing diagnoses, family history and pharmacologic treatment would be relevant data.  Within the geographic areas health departments, and community clinics can provide relative updated data on the population size who has or has had a diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus who are of African American decent. Once the individuals are identified we can use the information to perform a trace history to determine the pertinent history and evaluate social and economic status.  Simply the exposure is identified through self-reporting data. Outcomes will be determined by hospital admissions, increase in commodity of disease (based on affected organs/ end organ damage), hemoglobin A1C and increase in medications or dosage levels for treatment. The above proposed cohort study will be mainly observational since the data obtained will be obtained from medical records.

Through this method of research participants exposure and outcomes are not manipulated. Through the use of data we identify risk factors, access to care, and the problematic issues that can lead to increase disparities in healthcare as it relates to diabetic care in the African American communities. Using the A1c Criteria can lead to pre-diagnosis and aid to prevent the increase or rises in diabetic patients (Kharroubi and Darwish, 2015).

Reference: PUB 540 Topic 7 DQ 2 Identify a health issue of your choice, such as an infectious disease, chronic disease or health issue prevalent in a specific target population

 

Kharroubi, A. T., & Darwish, H. M. (2015). Diabetes mellitus: The epidemic of the century. World journal of diabetes, 6(6), 850–867. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i6.850ence

Song, J. W., & Chung, K. C. (2010). Observational studies: cohort and case-control studies. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 126(6), 2234–2242. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181f44abc

Spanakis, E. K., & Golden, S. H. (2013). Race/ethnic difference in diabetes and diabetic complications. Current diabetes reports, 13(6), 814–823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-013-0421-9

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PUB 540 Topic 7 DQ 2 Identify a health issue of your choice, such as an infectious disease, chronic disease or health issue prevalent in a specific target population Grading Rubric Guidelines

Performance Category	10	9	8	4	0
Scholarliness Demonstrates achievement of scholarly inquiry for professional and academic decisions.	Provides relevant evidence of scholarly inquiry clearly stating how the evidence informed or changed professional or academic decisions Evaluates literature resources to develop a comprehensive analysis or synthesis. Uses valid, relevant, and reliable outside sources to contribute to the threaded discussion	Provides relevant evidence of scholarly inquiry but does not clearly state how the evidence informed or changed professional or academic decisions. Evaluates information from source(s) to develop a coherent analysis or synthesis. Uses some valid, relevant, reliable outside sources to contribute to the threaded discussion.	Discusses using scholarly inquiry but does not state how scholarly inquiry informed or changed professional or academic decisions. Information is taken from source(s) with some interpretation/evaluation, but not enough to develop a coherent analysis or synthesis. Little valid, relevant, or reliable outside sources are used to contribute to the threaded discussion. Demonstrates little or no understanding of the topic.	Discusses using scholarly inquiry but does not state how scholarly inquiry informed or changed professional or academic decisions. Information is taken from source(s) without any interpretation/evaluation. The posting uses information that is not valid, relevant, or reliable	No evidence of the use of scholarly inquiry to inform or change professional or academic decisions. Information is not valid, relevant, or reliable
Performance Category	10	9	8	4	0
Application of Course Knowledge – Demonstrate the ability to analyze, synthesize, and/or apply principles and concepts learned in the course lesson and outside readings and relate them to real-life professional situations	Posts make direct reference to concepts discussed in the lesson or drawn from relevant outside sources; Applies concepts to personal experience in the professional setting and or relevant application to real life.	Posts make direct reference to concepts discussed in the lesson or drawn from relevant outside sources. Applies concepts to personal experience in their professional setting and or relevant application to real life Interactions with classmates are relevant to the discussion topic but do not make direct reference to lesson content	Posts are generally on topic but do not build knowledge by incorporating concepts and principles from the lesson. Does not attempt to apply lesson concepts to personal experience in their professional setting and or relevant application to real life Does not demonstrate a solid understanding of the principles and concepts presented in the lesson	Posts do not adequately address the question posed either by the discussion prompt or the instructor’s launch post. Posts are superficial and do not reflect an understanding of the lesson content Does not attempt to apply lesson concepts to personal experience in their professional setting and or relevant application to real life	Posts are not related to the topics provided by the discussion prompt or by the instructor; attempts by the instructor to redirect the student are ignored No discussion of lesson concepts to personal experience in the professional setting and or relevant application to real life
Performance Category	5	4	3	2	0
Interactive Dialogue Replies to each graded thread topic posted by the course instructor, by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT, of each week, and posts a minimum of two times in each graded thread, on separate days. (5 points possible per graded thread)	Exceeds minimum post requirements Replies to each graded thread topic posted by the course instructor, by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT, of each week, and posts three or more times in each graded thread, over three separate days. Replies to a post posed by faculty and to a peer Summarizes what was learned from the lesson, readings, and other student posts for the week.	Replies to each graded thread topic posted by the course instructor, by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT, of each week, and posts a minimum of two times in each graded thread, on separate days Replies to a question posed by a peer Summarizes what was learned from the lesson, readings, and other student posts for the week.	Meets expectations of 2 posts on 2 different days. The main post is not made by the Wednesday deadline Does not reply to a question posed by a peer or faculty	Has only one post for the week Discussion posts contain few, if any, new ideas or applications; often are a rehashing or summary of other students’ comments	Does not post to the thread No connections are made to the topic
	Minus 1 Point	Minus 2 Point	Minus 3 Point	Minus 4 Point	Minus 5 Point
Grammar, Syntax, APA Note: if there are only a few errors in these criteria, please note this for the student in as an area for improvement. If the student does not make the needed corrections in upcoming weeks, then points should be deducted. Points deducted for improper grammar, syntax and APA style of writing. The source of information is the APA Manual 6th Edition	2-3 errors in APA format. Written responses have 2-3 grammatical, spelling, and punctuation errors. Writing style is generally clear, focused, and facilitates communication.	4-5 errors in APA format. Writing responses have 4-5 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Writing style is somewhat focused.	6-7 errors in APA format. Writing responses have 6-7 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Writing style is slightly focused making discussion difficult to understand.	8-10 errors in APA format. Writing responses have 8-10 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Writing style is not focused, making discussion difficult to understand.	Post contains greater than 10 errors in APA format. Written responses have more than 10 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Writing style does not facilitate communication. The student continues to make repeated mistakes in any of the above areas after written correction by the instructor
	0 points lost				-5 points lost
Total Participation Requirements per discussion thread	The student answers the threaded discussion question or topic on one day and posts a second response on another day.				The student does not meet the minimum requirement of two postings on two different days
Early Participation Requirement per discussion thread	The student must provide a substantive answer to the graded discussion question(s) or topic(s), posted by the course instructor (not a response to a peer), by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT of each week.				The student does not meet the requirement of a substantive response to the stated question or topic by Wednesday at 11:59 pm MT.

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