PUB 540 Topic 1 DQ 2 Discuss three of the seven uses and applications of epidemiology

PUB 540 Topic 1 DQ 2 Discuss three of the seven uses and applications of epidemiology

PUB 540 Topic 1 DQ 2 Discuss three of the seven uses and applications of epidemiology

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Topic 1 DQ 2

Apr 21-25, 2022

Discuss three of the seven uses and applications of epidemiology. How can descriptive epidemiology (person, place, time) be used to study health and illness and predict future trends?

REPLY TO DISCUSSION

SS

Posted Date

May 2, 2022, 11:50 PM

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The screening is utilized to determine early signs and symptoms of illness or health conditions to provide early treatment or intervention to prevent health complications from the disease in an individual (Oleske, 2009). Surveillance is described as an organized process to collect data about disease or health problems, analyze these data, and conduct an evaluation to provide this information to those who are actively involved in the health problem (Oleske, 2009). Screening may be conducted through technology such as x-ray, questionnaires or surveys, clinical assessments such as breast examination, and laboratory testing to identify health issues while surveillance is a continuous process of monitoring health problems.

A good example of a screening procedure is a home test kit for COVID-19 to identify if the individual is positive for

COVID-19. Surveillance is conducted by providing information to local public health departments such as a number of positive cases in schools or communities to identify protocols or improve protocols that will promote the health of the communities. According to Friis and Sellers (2021), a good screening test must be acceptable, simple, rapid, safe, and inexpensive.

Reference

Friis, R.H. & Sellers, T.A. (2021). Epidemiology for public health practice (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Oleske, D. M. (2009). Screening and Surveillance for Promoting Population Health. Epidemiology and the Delivery of Health Care Services: Methods and Applications, 131–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0164-4_5

BC

Posted Date

Apr 27, 2022, 8:09 AM

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The late Jerry Morris articulated the seven uses of epidemiology. The broad overview touches many aspects as it pertains to the health sciences. Epidemiology is a methodology used to find the cause of health outcomes and diseases within populations. Through the use of “The Seven Uses of Epidemiology” we are able to ask some questions in medicine.  According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events among a specified population.

Seven Uses of Epidemiology:

1.)   Study history of health populations. 2) Diagnose the health of the community. 3.) Study the effectiveness of health services. 4.) Individual risks on average of diseases 5.) Identify syndromes 6.) Define clinical picture of disease and nature of history 7.) Viewing experiences amongst groups and search for the cause of health and diseases.

Examining 3 out 7 Uses of Epidemiology:

The study of history of health population’s look at the secular trends as it relates to illness that causes mortality that afflict humanity. It has been noted that there has been a shifter from the beginning of modern medicine to present day. Simply chronic conditions have begun to replace acute diseases. In historical study of health, the community and the rise and fall of disease in the population are examined and useful projections into the future are often determined.  The Study of working health services begins by determine the needs, resources, and then proceeds to an analysis of the health service in action. These studies can be comparative between various populations. Lastly, the search for causes of health and disease, looks for discovery amongst groups with high and low rates. Examining the differences in ways of living, and testing notions in actual practice amongst populations. Lastly, observing the individual risk on average of disease is done from the common experience. Looking at the individual’s chance and risk. What makes the susceptible or places at a higher risk of contraction.

References: PUB 540 Topic 1 DQ 2 Discuss three of the seven uses and applications of epidemiology

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016, June 17). What is epidemiology? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/careerpaths/k12teacherroadmap/epidemiology.html

 

Friis, R.H. & Sellers, T.A. (2021). Epidemiology for public health practice (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

 

Smith, G. D. (2001). The uses of ‘uses of epidemiology’. International Journal of Epidemiology, 30(5), 1146–1155. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/30.5.1146

 

• SH

Apr 27, 2022, 9:51 AM

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Replies to Brandon Collins

Brandon,

I agree with you on your comment that through the uses of epidemiology questions are answered. Saiger (1961) explains how the purpose of an epidemiologist is to understand the nature of the disease, so that on a community-wide basis, it can be prevented, its severity and prognosis assessed, and further control measures instituted. This approach to gain insight on a disease is obtained through the uses of epidemiology.

Reference PUB 540 Topic 1 DQ 2 Discuss three of the seven uses and applications of epidemiology

Saiger G. L. (1961). Ten uses of epidemiology. Canadian Medical Association journal, 85(18), 992–995.

• NC

Apr 27, 2022, 9:40 PM

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Replies to Brandon Collins

Brandon,

Thanks for sharing a great detailed post on the principals of epidemiology. The seven used of epidemiology provide wisdom as to why diseases plague some patient more than others. the seven uses help in finding the most effect was in preventing treatment and preventative measures in health problems. According to Germaine et.al (2015) “Epidemiologists promote the health of all populations through etiologic and interventional research supported by innovative methods and the accurate interpretation of research findings” I am fascinated as how important epidemiology influences new research studies with the aim of improving interventions and patient care. I truly appreciate epidemiology much more now compared to before taking this class.

 

ReferencePUB 540 Topic 1 DQ 2 Discuss three of the seven uses and applications of epidemiology

Germaine M. Buck Louis, Michael S. Bloom, Nicolle M. Gatto, Carol R. Hogue, Daniel J. Westreich, Cuilin Zhang, (2015). Epidemiology’s Continuing Contribution to Public Health: The Power of “Then and Now” Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv043

CP

Posted Date

Apr 26, 2022, 8:20 PM

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Discuss three of the seven uses and applications of epidemiology. How can descriptive epidemiology (person, place, time) be used to study health and illness and predict future trends?

Epidemiology is an interdisciplinary field of study, which derives from many different moving parts. There are several uses of epidemiology in support of public health practice, and two main approaches: are descriptive and analytical. The application includes the investigation of outbreaks, surveillance, and study of chronic diseases.

 

Diagnosing the health of the community and the condition of the people is one epidemiological use. Community assessment is the foundation for improving and promoting the health of community members, (Friss & Sellers, 2021). By identifying and quantifying factors that affect the health of the community as a whole and determining the resources needed to adequately address these factors. To complete the clinical picture of chronic diseases, when investigating a disease outbreak, epidemiologists rely on healthcare providers and laboratories to establish the proper diagnosis of individual patients, whenever their present, understanding of the clinical picture and natural history of the diseases to detect early subclinical to reverse or prevent diseases, (Friis & Sellers, 2021). The last use of epidemiology is to search for causes of health and disease that influence one’s risk of disease. Researching one’s exposure, behaviors, and environment to identify particular causes of chronic disease so that appropriate public health action might be taken, (Friis & Sellers, 2021).

 

Descriptive epidemiology studies and reports on the distribution, occurrence, and pattern of disease, (Frey & LI, 2020). The method of describing disease patterns falls into one or more of the following three categories, person, place, and or time, which reflect underlying factors. The person reflects on who is being affected as far as age group, young or old, as well as socioeconomic status. The exposure to environmental risk factors, behaviors patterns, and understanding of the time it takes place. Was there a sudden increase over a short period of time, Is the problem more frequent doing what season, Is the problem gradually increasing over long periods of time or increasing greatly over just a few years, are these patterns directly or indirectly related to the occurrence of illnesses by affecting a wide range of exposures associated with lifestyle and or healthcare access, in addition, to a combination of variables, (Friss & Sellers, 2021). Understanding the distribution and occurrence of these patterns helps public health predict future trends and or outbreaks of diseases in geographic areas (rural areas, cities, country), populations (race, immigrants, indigenous people), and time periods, (summer, winter, fall).

 

References PUB 540 Topic 1 DQ 2 Discuss three of the seven uses and applications of epidemiology

 

Frey, R. J., & Li, M. (2020). Epidemiology. In Gale (Ed.), The Gale encyclopedia of public health (2nd ed.). Gale. Credo Reference: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/galegph/epidemiology/0?institutionId=5865

 

Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2021). Epidemiology for public health practice (6th ed.). Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN-13: 9781284175431

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PUB 540 Topic 1 DQ 2 Discuss three of the seven uses and applications of epidemiology Grading Rubric Guidelines

Performance Category	10	9	8	4	0
Scholarliness Demonstrates achievement of scholarly inquiry for professional and academic decisions.	Provides relevant evidence of scholarly inquiry clearly stating how the evidence informed or changed professional or academic decisions Evaluates literature resources to develop a comprehensive analysis or synthesis. Uses valid, relevant, and reliable outside sources to contribute to the threaded discussion	Provides relevant evidence of scholarly inquiry but does not clearly state how the evidence informed or changed professional or academic decisions. Evaluates information from source(s) to develop a coherent analysis or synthesis. Uses some valid, relevant, reliable outside sources to contribute to the threaded discussion.	Discusses using scholarly inquiry but does not state how scholarly inquiry informed or changed professional or academic decisions. Information is taken from source(s) with some interpretation/evaluation, but not enough to develop a coherent analysis or synthesis. Little valid, relevant, or reliable outside sources are used to contribute to the threaded discussion. Demonstrates little or no understanding of the topic.	Discusses using scholarly inquiry but does not state how scholarly inquiry informed or changed professional or academic decisions. Information is taken from source(s) without any interpretation/evaluation. The posting uses information that is not valid, relevant, or reliable	No evidence of the use of scholarly inquiry to inform or change professional or academic decisions. Information is not valid, relevant, or reliable
Performance Category	10	9	8	4	0
Application of Course Knowledge – Demonstrate the ability to analyze, synthesize, and/or apply principles and concepts learned in the course lesson and outside readings and relate them to real-life professional situations	Posts make direct reference to concepts discussed in the lesson or drawn from relevant outside sources; Applies concepts to personal experience in the professional setting and or relevant application to real life.	Posts make direct reference to concepts discussed in the lesson or drawn from relevant outside sources. Applies concepts to personal experience in their professional setting and or relevant application to real life Interactions with classmates are relevant to the discussion topic but do not make direct reference to lesson content	Posts are generally on topic but do not build knowledge by incorporating concepts and principles from the lesson. Does not attempt to apply lesson concepts to personal experience in their professional setting and or relevant application to real life Does not demonstrate a solid understanding of the principles and concepts presented in the lesson	Posts do not adequately address the question posed either by the discussion prompt or the instructor’s launch post. Posts are superficial and do not reflect an understanding of the lesson content Does not attempt to apply lesson concepts to personal experience in their professional setting and or relevant application to real life	Posts are not related to the topics provided by the discussion prompt or by the instructor; attempts by the instructor to redirect the student are ignored No discussion of lesson concepts to personal experience in the professional setting and or relevant application to real life
Performance Category	5	4	3	2	0
Interactive Dialogue Replies to each graded thread topic posted by the course instructor, by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT, of each week, and posts a minimum of two times in each graded thread, on separate days. (5 points possible per graded thread)	Exceeds minimum post requirements Replies to each graded thread topic posted by the course instructor, by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT, of each week, and posts three or more times in each graded thread, over three separate days. Replies to a post posed by faculty and to a peer Summarizes what was learned from the lesson, readings, and other student posts for the week.	Replies to each graded thread topic posted by the course instructor, by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT, of each week, and posts a minimum of two times in each graded thread, on separate days Replies to a question posed by a peer Summarizes what was learned from the lesson, readings, and other student posts for the week.	Meets expectations of 2 posts on 2 different days. The main post is not made by the Wednesday deadline Does not reply to a question posed by a peer or faculty	Has only one post for the week Discussion posts contain few, if any, new ideas or applications; often are a rehashing or summary of other students’ comments	Does not post to the thread No connections are made to the topic
	Minus 1 Point	Minus 2 Point	Minus 3 Point	Minus 4 Point	Minus 5 Point
Grammar, Syntax, APA Note: if there are only a few errors in these criteria, please note this for the student in as an area for improvement. If the student does not make the needed corrections in upcoming weeks, then points should be deducted. Points deducted for improper grammar, syntax and APA style of writing. The source of information is the APA Manual 6th Edition	2-3 errors in APA format. Written responses have 2-3 grammatical, spelling, and punctuation errors. Writing style is generally clear, focused, and facilitates communication.	4-5 errors in APA format. Writing responses have 4-5 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Writing style is somewhat focused.	6-7 errors in APA format. Writing responses have 6-7 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Writing style is slightly focused making discussion difficult to understand.	8-10 errors in APA format. Writing responses have 8-10 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Writing style is not focused, making discussion difficult to understand.	Post contains greater than 10 errors in APA format. Written responses have more than 10 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Writing style does not facilitate communication. The student continues to make repeated mistakes in any of the above areas after written correction by the instructor
	0 points lost				-5 points lost
Total Participation Requirements per discussion thread	The student answers the threaded discussion question or topic on one day and posts a second response on another day.				The student does not meet the minimum requirement of two postings on two different days
Early Participation Requirement per discussion thread	The student must provide a substantive answer to the graded discussion question(s) or topic(s), posted by the course instructor (not a response to a peer), by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT of each week.				The student does not meet the requirement of a substantive response to the stated question or topic by Wednesday at 11:59 pm MT.

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