PICOT QUESTION AND LITERATURE SEARCH GCU NRS 433

PICOT QUESTION AND LITERATURE SEARCH GCU NRS 433

Sample Answer for PICOT QUESTION AND LITERATURE SEARCH GCU NRS 433 Included After Question

PICOT QUESTION AND LITERATURE SEARCH GCU NRS 433

Assessment Description

The first step of the evidence-based practice process is to evaluate a nursing practice environment to identify a nursing problem in the clinical area. When a nursing problem is discovered, the nurse researcher develops a clinical guiding question to address that nursing practice problem.

For this assignment, you will create a clinical guiding question know as a PICOT question. The PICOT question must be relevant to a nursing practice problem.

Use the “Literature Evaluation Table” to complete this assignment. Prior to starting the “Literature Evaluation Table,” complete the following:

1. Select a nursing practice problem of interest to use as the focus of your research. Start with the patient population and identify a clinical problem or issue that arises from the patient population.
2. Following the PICOT format, write a PICOT question in your selected area of interest. The PICOT question should be applicable to your proposed capstone project (the project students must complete during their final course in the RN-BSN program of study).
3. Conduct a literature search to locate six research articles focused on your selected nursing practice problem of interest. Note: This literature search should include three quantitative and three qualitative peer-reviewed research articles to support your nursing practice problem. A mixed methods article can qualify towards meeting a qualitative or quantitative methodology.

Articles must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.

The PICOT question and six peer-reviewed research articles you choose will be utilized for subsequent assignments. The PICOT question will also provide a framework for your capstone project.

Note: To assist in your search, remove the words qualitative and quantitative and include words that narrow or broaden your main topic. For example: Search for diabetes and pediatric and dialysis. To determine what research design was used in the articles the search produced, review the abstract and the methods section of the article. The author will provide a description of data collection using qualitative or quantitative methods. Systematic reviews, literature reviews, and metanalysis articles are good resources and provide a strong level of evidence but are not considered primary research articles. Therefore, they should not be included in this assignment.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: PICOT QUESTION AND LITERATURE SEARCH GCU NRS 433

Title: PICOT QUESTION AND LITERATURE SEARCH GCU NRS 433

Nursing Practice Problem (200-250 words):

Falls among patients, especially older patients in nursing homes, are a critical healthcare concern because of their adverse effects on outcomes. Falls lead to increased cost of care due to lengthened stay in hospital, adverse events like head injuries and even death. Older patients, 65 years and above, are susceptible to falls due to different reasons that include loss of muscle mass, a condition known as sarcopenia, cognitive impairment or due to certain types of dementia and failing eye sight. Medications can also increase one’s susceptibility to due to their side effects like confusion and dizziness. According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2023), fall pose a threat to the health of older adults and reduces their ability to remain independent. The CDC says that over 36,000 deaths occurred in 2020 associated with falls among the elderly with another 3 million emergency department visits due to falls. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) consider falls as a never event because they are preventable when hospitals implement evidence-based practice (EBP) interventions. Evidence-based practice interventions like tailoring interventions for patient safety (TIPS) can help providers reduce and prevent falls and their adverse effects in diverse healthcare settings. The purpose of this paper is to review articles on TIPS based on the formulated PICOT question. The paper reviews both qualitative and quantitative research articles on TIPS as an effective intervention to reduce falls among the elderly in nursing homes.

 

PICOT Question: Among older adults aged 65 years and above in nursing homes and residences (P), does the implementation of TIPS framework (I) compared to normal safety measures (C), reduce and prevent fall by 60% and associated effects (O) within six months (T)?

Criteria	Article 1	Article 2	Article 3
APA-formatted article citation with permalink	Vincenzo, J. L., Patton, S. K., Lefler, L. L., McElfish, P. A., Wei, J., & Curran, G. M. (2022). A qualitative study of older adults’ facilitators, barriers, and cues to action to engage in falls prevention using health belief model constructs. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 99, 104610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2021.104610	Carter, E. J., Khasnabish, S., Adelman, J., Bogaisky, M., Lindros, M. E., Alfieri, L., … & Dykes, P. (2020). Adoption of a patient-tailored fall prevention program in academic health systems: a qualitative study of barriers and facilitators. OBM Geriatrics, 4(2), 1-21. doi:10.21926/obm.geriatr.2002119	Rogers, C., Shamley, D., & Amosun, S. (2021). Older adults’ experience of an exergaming intervention to improve balance and prevent falls: a nested explanatory qualitative study. Applied Sciences, 11(24), 11678. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411678
How does the article relate to the PICOT question?	The article supports the PICOT as it demonstrates the efficacy of using different interventions that focus on improving patient safety among patients	The article relates to the PICOT question as it demonstrates that fall TIPS can have significant impact on patients and staff when implemented in any setting.	The article relates to the PICOT as it shows that using better tailored interventions can reduce falls among patients in different settings.
Is the article qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods? Justify your selection.	Qualitative The article is qualitative based on the method that the researchers apply informed grounded theory and focus groups based on semi-structured interviews	Qualitative The researchers use qualitative approaches like observation and interviews to gather perceptions and opinions about the implemented Fall TIPS aspects.	Qualitative The researchers uses focus groups and analyze the results using content analysis.
Purpose statement	The purpose of the study was to gather views and perceptions from older patients about ways to prevent falls	The purpose of the article was to identify the barriers and facilitators to Fall TIPS adoption.	The purpose of the article was to explore the efficacy of a large-scale randomized control trial that compared an exergaming intervention and gold-standard one as well as no intervention.
Research question(s)	Does engagement in fall prevention activities reduce and prevent falls?	What are the barriers and facilitators to Fall TIPS adoption in healthcare organizations?	What is the effects of using tailored interventions to improve patient safety through reduction and prevention of falls?
Outcome(s)	The outcomes demonstrate that using fall prevention activities focused on patient safety reduce falls among elderly patients in diverse settings	The researchers identified both facilitators and barriers to Fall TIPS implementation. The outcome also show that Fall TIPS enhanced collaboration between staff and patients since they were tailored to each patient needs and preferences	The outcomes show an improvement in different aspects related to fall prevention. The study also explored attitudes toward fall and fall prevention.
Setting (Where did the study take place?)	The setting was a community dwelling of older adults with average age of 78 years.	The setting entailed 11 hospitals representing three academic health systems.	The setting comprised of different areas based on the origin of participants.
Sample	The sample comprised of 27 older adults living in a community dwelling.	The sample comprised of 50 patients and focus groups with 71 staff	The sample comprised of 14 participants in the OEP framework and 16 on the WBB model
Method	Informed grounded theory and focus groups	The researchers used  interviews  and focus groups	The researchers used focus groups and interviews.
Key findings of the study and implications for nursing practice	The findings from the study show that individuals do not engage in fall prevention activities due to different reasons like severity and susceptibility. The findings also demonstrate diverse facilitators in engaging in fall prevention. The implications for nursing practice from this study is that providers should engage in tailored interventions based on the unique setting of the patients.	The use of Fall TIPS led to increased motivation among nurses, improved patients’ understanding of their roles and integration of the intervention into the workflow processes. The researchers also identified barriers like poor engagement practices, use of residual fall prevention strategies; especially one-size-fits-all approach. The implication of the study is that nurses should adopt Fall TIPS to improve safety in their settings.	The findings from the study show that those engaged through exergaming model enjoyed the applied intervention but did not comply with the provisions. The focus groups showed barriers and facilitators to implementation of TIPS in their areas or facilities.
Recommendations of the researcher	The researchers recommend the need for people to engage in fall prevention behaviors by addressing the barriers like limited knowledge and perceived self-severity and susceptibility to falls.	The researchers recommend the use of Fall TIPS adoption and enhancement of staff engagement of patients to develop trusting partnerships to improve safety among them.	The article recommends increased engagement of patients and implementation of strategies that are tailored to meet patient needs.

 

Criteria	Article 4	Article 5	Article 6
APA-formatted article citation with permalink	Guo, X., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Yang, X., Yang, W., Lu, Z., & He, M. (2023). Effect of a fall prevention strategy for the older patients: A quasi‐experimental study. Nursing open, 10(2), 1116-1124. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1379	Duckworth, M., Adelman, J., Belategui, K., Feliciano, Z., Jackson, E., Khasnabish, S., … & Dykes, P. C. (2019). Assessing the effectiveness of engaging patients and their families in the three-step fall prevention process across modalities of an evidence-based fall prevention toolkit: an implementation science study. Journal of medical internet research, 21(1), e10008. DOI: 10.2196/10008	Dykes, P. C., Khasnabish, S., Burns, Z., Adkison, L. E., Alfieri, L., Bogaisky, M., … & Adelman, J. S. (2022). Development and validation of a fall prevention efficiency scale. Journal of patient safety, 18(2), 94. DOI: 10.1097/PTS.0000000000000811
How does the article relate to the PICOT question?	The article relates to the PICOT as it illustrates the effectiveness of using a fall prevention approach tailored to patient needs.	The article relates to the PICOT question as it shows that Fall TIPS framework is effective in reducing and preventing the occurrence of falls among diverse patients even in their homes.	Using a mixed method approach, the article related to the PICOT question as it shows that Fall TIPS model is effective in reducing falls
Is the article qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods? Justify your selection.	Quantitative The article is quantitative since it employs a quasi-experimental design	Quantitative The article analyzes the outcomes through quantitative approaches like conducting risk assessments.	Mixed Methods The article incorporates both qualitative and quantitative approaches.
Purpose statement	The purpose of the article was to explore the impact of a fall prevention strategy among older patients founded on the patient engagement design.	The purpose of the article was to assess the effects of Fall TIPS modality on patient engagement in a three-step fall prevention process and gauge efficacy.	The purpose of the study was to learn the benefits and burdens associated with Fall TIPS program.
Research question(s)	Does engagement of patients reduce and prevent the occurrence of falls among elderly patients or individuals?	Does the Fall TIPS modality affect patient engagement using a 3-step fall prevention process and efficacy?	Does the implementation of Fall TIPS improve nurses’ ability to reduce and prevent falls?
Outcome(s)	The outcomes show that the intervention reduces falls among the targeted population.	The outcomes show that patient engagement is essential for implementing Fall TIPS interventions.	The outcomes show that learning about providers’ beliefs in the use of time related to Fall TIPS implementation is essential to enhance results that include a reduction in falls.
Setting (Where did the study take place?)	The study occurred in a hospital with two groups or cohorts to demonstrate the efficacy of the intervention.	The researchers conducted the study in healthcare settings in Boston and New York, Bronx and Manhattan	Three hospitals in Massachusetts and 3 in New York
Sample	The sample comprised of 116 subject with the intervention group having 58 and control with 58.	The sample comprised of nurses at the selected facilities.	The sample comprise of 72 nurses who participated in two phases of group interviews.
Method	The researchers used a longitudinal quasi-experimental quantitative design	Three modalities that included laminated Fall TIPS poster, electronic Fall TIPS poster and paperless patient safety displays at the bed side.	The methods included initial qualitative, second qualitative and psychometric evaluation.
Key findings of the study and implications for nursing practice	The key findings include effectiveness of the intervention, and need to engage patients when implementing the strategy. The implications of the study for nursing practice is that nurses should implement strategies that are patient-centered to improve their overall safety. The implication for nursing practice is each intervention works differently based on patient’s overall condition.	The findings show that these interventions are Fall TIPS that lead to improved safety and management of falls among patients. The implication of the article to nursing practice is that nurses should embrace these interventions to improve safety by preventing and reducing falls in their settings.	The key findings for the article include learning about the facilitators and burdens that nurses encounter when implementing falls in their settings, especially through Fall TIPS. The implications for nursing practice is that nurses should understand organizational barriers that can hinder the implementation of Fall TIPS.
Recommendations of the researcher	The researchers recommend more studies to understand the efficacy and effectiveness of engaging patients to develop a patient safety tool to reduce and prevent falls.	The researchers recommend implementation of the Fall TIPS to enhance patient safety and quality care for the affected patients.	Learning of these barriers allows organizations to improve areas of weakness and correct problems that waste time.

 

Conclusion

Falls are a concern for nurses and other providers in diverse settings. Falls lead to adverse events and a rise in the cost of care. The use of evidence-based practice approaches is essential in preventing and reducing these events. As such, nurses, patients and other providers should develop Fall TIPS to reduce their occurrence and improve overall safety. The evaluation table shows that researchers can use diverse methodologies to demonstrate the effects of implementing Fall TIPS in their facilities for better management of these events.

References

Albasha, N., Ahern, L., O’Mahony, L., McCullagh, R., Cornally, N., McHugh, S., & Timmons, S. (2023). Implementation strategies

to support fall prevention interventions in long-term care facilities for older persons: a systematic review. BMC geriatrics, 23(1), 47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-03738-z

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2023). Older Adult Fall Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/falls/index.html

Ziegl, A., Hayn, D., Kastner, P., Löffler, K., Weidinger, L., Brix, B., … & Schreier, G. (2020). Quantitative falls risk assessment in

elderly people: results from a clinical study with distance based timed up-and-go test recordings. Physiological measurement, 41(11), 115006. DOI 10.1088/1361-6579/abc352

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Topic 1 DQ 1

Jan 31-Feb 2, 2022

PICOT is utilized by the health care community to identify and study a nursing or medical practice problem. Consequently, PICOT examples that may provide insight into the use of the PICOT process, may not be relevant to nursing practice as they are based on a medical practice problem.

Describe the difference between a nursing practice problem and a medical practice problem. Provide one example of each. Discuss why is it important to ensure your PICOT is based on a nursing practice problem

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: PICOT QUESTION AND LITERATURE SEARCH GCU NRS 433

Title: PICOT QUESTION AND LITERATURE SEARCH GCU NRS 433

The medical field consists of both nursing practice problems and medical practice problems. Nursing practice problems are any issues encountered during nursing practice related to the patient’s response to a health problem they are experiencing. This information can be identified during a thorough assessment. Medical practice problems are concerned with a medical condition or disease, the cause and treatment for the condition. An example of a nursing practice problem is a patient presents to the hospital with a headache and dizziness. This patient will be at a risk for falls. An example of a medical practice problem is if a patient is diagnosed with a stroke, then the pathology of this disease will be the focus. It is important to ensure PICOT is based on a nursing practice problem because the focus will be centered around the patient and not the disease. Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time is used along with evidence-based practice to give our patient’s safe, effective nursing care. PICOT provides evidence to support clinical decisions and explore alternative treatments and procedures (Finding the evidence, n.d.).

PICOT QUESTION AND LITERATURE SEARCH GCU NRS 433 References:

Helbig, J. (2018). History and Process of Nursing Research, Evidence-Based Nursing Practice, and Quantitative and Qualitative Research Process.  In Grand Canyon University (Ed.), Nursing research: Understanding methods for best practice. (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs433v/nursing-research-understanding-methods-for-best-practice/v1.1/#/chapter/1

Finding the evidence – Using PICO searching to support evidence-based nursing practice. Clinical Knowledge Network. (n.d.). www.ckn.org.au/content/finding-evidence-using-pico-searching-support-evidence-based-nursing-practice

Eleanor Milo

replied toDeidra Earls

Feb 3, 2022, 8:39 PM(edited)

Replies to Deidra Earls

The importance of available research to utilize to implement best practice is very important being in a program like this you are able to gain access to vasts amounts research and know it is validated research.

  Deidra Earls

replied toEleanor Milo

Feb 6, 2022, 6:57 PM

• 

Replies to Eleanor Milo

According to Northeastern State University (2017), research helps us to determine best practices and improve patient care. The findings can correct old misunderstandings, pave the way for new treatment protocols and create new methodology — all of which improve patient outcomes. Nursing continues to evolve and change so we must be able to adapt in all environments. I’m excited to learn and progress throughout this program.

PICOT QUESTION AND LITERATURE SEARCH GCU NRS 433  Reference:

Why do nurses need research? Northeastern State University Online. (2017, September 12). Retrieved from https://nursingonline.nsuok.edu/degrees/rn-to-bsn/why-nurses-need-research

  Kerry Walker

replied toDeidra Earls

Feb 4, 2022, 4:29 AM

  Replies to Deidra Earls

In health care we use evidence-based practices to provide the best outcomes for our patients. We ask questions during an assessment to get to know our patients. Foreground questions can be used in clinical research prior to starting the research, which is known as PICO (Finding the evidence, n.d.). PICO helps to format research in order to make the research process more manageable (Finding the evidence, n.d.).

Deidra, you gave great examples and explained both nursing and medical practice problems very well. I hope that this class will help us gain more insight into research and as we know it will give great access to validated research to dive into. I feel that both medical and nursing practice relay greatly on research to better our patient’s prognosis.

 

Finding the evidence – Using PICO searching to support evidence-based nursing practice. Clinical Knowledge Network. (n.d.). www.ckn.org.au/content/finding-evidence-using-pico-searching-support-evidence-based-nursing-practice

    Patience Nwando

replied toDeidra Earls

Feb 4, 2022, 12:07 PM

Replies to Deidra Earls

Hello Deidra.

This is an outstanding work and I agree with you. Ideally, there are differences between the nursing practice problems and medical practice problems. Nursing practice problems characterize issues nurses encounter during their practice that are related to how patients respond to health problems they are experiencing (Berthelsen & Hølge-Hazelton, 2017). There are various factors to consider in the nursing practice problems including patients’ signs and symptoms to a disease and challenges in performing activities of daily living owing to a fractured extremity. Nursing practice problems is also concerned with modalities of caring for patient such as trauma prevention, support, health screening, comfort, assessment, coordination of health care, and health education (Hockenberry & Wilson, 2018). On the other hand, medical practice problems deal with medical conditions or diseases. It recognizes a disease, pursues causes, creates a prognosis, and recommends a treatment for the disease (Miller & Brown, 2018). Taken together, nursing practice problem and medical practice problem have divergent goals. Medical practice problem identifies a deviation from a norm, while nursing practice judges the existence of a condition for improving self-care.

PICOT QUESTION AND LITERATURE SEARCH GCU NRS 433 References

Berthelsen, C., & Hølge-Hazelton, B. (2017). ‘Nursing research culture’ in the context of clinical nursing practice: addressing a conceptual problem. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 73(5), 1066-1074. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13229

Hockenberry, M. J., & Wilson, D. (2018). Wong’s nursing care of infants and children-E-book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Miller, D. D., & Brown, E. W. (2018). Artificial intelligence in medical practice: the question to the answer?. The American journal of medicine, 131(2), 129-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.10.035

Attachments

NRS-433V-RS-T1-LiteratureEvaluationTable.docx

PICOT QUESTION AND LITERATURE SEARCH GCU NRS 433  Rubric Criteria

Total 120 points

Criterion	1. Unsatisfactory	2. Insufficient	3. Approaching	4. Acceptable	5. Target
Format/Documentation Uses appropriate style, such as APA, MLA, etc., for college, subject, and level; documents sources using citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., appropriate to assignment and discipline.	0 points Appropriate format is not used. No documentation of sources is provided.	9 points Appropriate format is attempted, but some elements are missing. Frequent errors in documentation of sources are evident.	9.48 points Appropriate format and documentation are used, although there are some obvious errors.	10.68 points Appropriate format and documentation are used with only minor errors.	12 points No errors in formatting or documentation are present.
Research Questions Research Questions	0 points Research questions are omitted.	4.5 points The research questions have been misidentified for at least two of the articles. Additional information is needed to fully illustrate the research question for several of the articles.	4.74 points The research question has been misidentified for at least one of the articles.	5.34 points Research questions are clear.	6 points Research questions are accurate and capture the fundamental question posed by the researchers in each study.
Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Method Articles Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Method Articles	0 points Identification of quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods and justification for identified methodology is omitted.	9 points Identification of quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods is included but is not accurate for three or more articles. A justification for the identified methodology is included but lacks significant details.	9.48 points Identification of quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods is included but is not accurate for two articles. A general justification for the identified methodology is included.	10.68 points Identification of quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods is included but is not accurate for one article. A clear justification for the identified methodology is included.	12 points Identification of quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods is correctly identified and includes a thorough justification for the identified methodology for all articles.
Methods Methods	0 points A discussion on the methods utilized in the study for each article is not included.	4.5 points A discussion on the methods utilized in the study is partially presented for each article and is missing key information.	4.74 points A discussion on the methods utilized in the study for each article is present and includes some relevant details and explanation.	5.34 points A clear discussion on the methods utilized in the study for each article is presented.	6 points A thorough discussion on the methods utilized in the study for each article is presented.
Recommendations of the Researcher Recommendations of the Researcher	0 points Researcher recommendations are omitted.	4.5 points Researcher recommendations for each article are inaccurate or incomplete.	4.74 points Researcher recommendations for each article are presented and include some relevant details and explanation.	5.34 points Researcher recommendations for each article are accurately presented.	6 points Researcher recommendations accurate are thoroughly described for each article.
Purpose Statements Purpose Statements	0 points Purpose statements are omitted.	4.5 points Purpose statements are not clearly summarized and contain major inaccuracies.	4.74 points Purpose statements contain minor inaccuracies in some areas.	5.34 points Purpose statements are clearly summarized.	6 points Purpose statements are accurate and thoroughly summarized.
Key Findings and Implications for Nursing Practice Key Findings and Implications for Nursing Practice	0 points Discussion of the study results, including key findings and implications for nursing practice, are omitted.	4.5 points Discussion of the study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is presented but lacks relevant details and explanation. There are some omissions or inaccuracies.	4.74 points Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is generally presented for each article. Overall, the discussion includes some relevant details and explanation.	5.34 points Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, includes relevant details and explanation.	6 points Discussion of study results, including key findings of the study and implications for nursing practice, is thorough with relevant details and extensive explanation.
Sample Sample	0 points The sample is omitted.	4.5 points The sample that is indicated for each article is incorrect or incomplete.	4.74 points The sample is indicated for each article and includes some relevant details and explanation.	5.34 points The sample is indicated for each article.	6 points The sample is indicated and accurate for each article.
Setting Setting	0 points The setting is omitted.	4.5 points The setting in which the researcher conducted the study for each article is incorrect or incomplete.	4.74 points The setting in which the researcher conducted the study is indicated for each article and includes some relevant details and explanation.	5.34 points The setting is in which the researcher conducted the study is clearly indicated for each article.	6 points The setting in which the researcher conducted the study is detailed and accurate for each article.
Summary of Nursing Practice Problem Summary of Nursing Practice Problem	0 points A nursing practice problem is omitted.	4.5 points A nursing practice problem is partially presented. Significant aspects are missing, or there are inaccuracies.	4.74 points A nursing practice problem is presented and includes some relevant details and explanation.	5.34 points A nursing practice problem is detailed.	6 points A nursing practice problem is thoroughly described.
PICOT Question PICOT Question	0 points A PICOT question is omitted.	9 points A PICOT question is provided but is incomplete. The PICOT question format is used incorrectly.	9.48 points A PICOT question is provided, and the PICOT question format is generally applied.	10.68 points A PICOT question is provided, and the PICOT question format is applied accurately.	12 points A PICOT question is provided, and the PICOT question format is applied accurately. An answerable and researchable question is presented.
APA-Formatted Article Citations With Permalinks APA-Formatted Article Citations With Permalinks	0 points Article citations and permalinks are omitted.	4.5 points There are significant errors in the APA format. One or more permalinks are incorrect or omitted.	4.74 points Article citations are presented in APA format, but there are minor errors. Permalinks are included.	5.34 points N/A	6 points Article citations are accurately presented in APA format and permalinks are correct.
Mechanics of Writing Includes spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, language use, sentence structure, etc.	0 points Errors in grammar or syntax are pervasive and impede meaning. Incorrect language choice or sentence structure errors are found throughout.	9 points Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors are present. Inconsistencies in language choice or sentence structure are recurrent.	9.48 points Occasional mechanical errors are present. Language choice is generally appropriate. Varied sentence structure is attempted.	10.68 points Few mechanical errors are present. Suitable language choice and sentence structure are used.	12 points No mechanical errors are present. Appropriate language choice and sentence structure are used throughout.
Relationship of Articles to the PICOT Question Relationship of Articles to the PICOT Question	0 points Articles and their relationship to PICOT question are omitted.	9 points At least two articles do not relate to the PICOT question. The remaining articles provide a small degree of support for the PICOT question. Different articles are needed to provide better support for the PICOT question.	9.48 points At least one article does not relate to the PICOT question. The remaining articles provide general support for the PICOT question. One or two different articles are needed to provide better support for the PICOT question.	10.68 points Each article relates to the PICOT question. The articles provide support for the PICOT question.	12 points Each article clearly relates to the PICOT question. The articles provide strong support for the PICOT question.
Outcomes Outcomes	0 points Research outcomes are omitted.	4.5 points Research outcomes are presented for each article. The research outcomes have been misidentified or misinterpreted for at least two of the articles. Additional information is needed to fully illustrate the research outcomes for several of the articles.	4.74 points Research outcomes are presented. The research outcomes have been misidentified or misinterpreted for one of the articles. Some detail is needed to fully illustrate the research outcomes for one or two articles.	5.34 points Research outcomes are presented. Minor detail is needed for clarity in some areas.	6 points Research outcomes are accurate and described in detail for each article.