Sample Answer for NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY IN OTHER NATIONS NURS 8100 Included After Question
Think for a moment about nurses who relocate because of professional opportunities. How could such a seemingly personal decision have a detrimental impact on global health care? As presented in this week’s Learning Resources, nurse migration is of global concern. In response to this issue, international health care organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Council of Nurses (ICN) have positioned themselves to craft related policy as a solution. This is just one example of a global nursing policy effort.
To prepare:
- With information from the Learning Resources in mind, select a U.S. nursing- or health-related policy.
- Search the web and locate a similar policy in another country.
- Consider how the two policies are similar and dissimilar.
- Was an international organization involved in promoting the policies? If not, should they have been?
By Day 3
Post a cohesive response that addresses the following:
- Post information on the nursing or health-related policies you located including a reference to the source.
- Indicate the country you are comparing to the U.S.
- Compare and contrast the two policies. What insights did you gain as a result of this comparison?
- What is the role of international organizations in developing policy? Provide a specific example.
Read a selection of your colleagues’ postings.
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By Day 6
Respond to at least two of your colleagues in one or more of the following ways:
- Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence or research.
- Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.
- Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.
- Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.
- Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.
- Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.
Note: Please see the Syllabus and Discussion Rubric for formal Discussion question posting and response evaluation criteria.
Return to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note what you learned and/or any insights you gained as a result of the comments made by your colleagues.
Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week’s Learning Resources and any additional sources.
Submission and Grading Information
Grading Criteria
To access your rubric:
Week 10 Discussion Rubric
A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY IN OTHER NATIONS NURS 8100
Title: NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY IN OTHER NATIONS NURS 8100
This week, you compared and contrasted U.S. nursing or health-related policies with those of another country and evaluated the role of international nursing or health organizations in developing or supporting nursing policy.
In the final week, you will reflect on the implications of health care policies for consumers and health care providers.
From your analysis, one of the main questions I would ask is: What are the similarities and differences between the Mental Health Parity Act (MHPA) of the United States policy and the Mental Health Act (1983) of the United Kingdom? The Mental Health Parity Act (MHPA) of the United States, enacted in 1996, requires that health insurance plans that offer mental health benefits must provide coverage for those benefits at parity with coverage for medical and surgical benefits. This means that if a plan offers $1,000 in coverage for medical and surgical benefits, it must also offer $1,000 in coverage for mental health benefits (Mulvaney-Day et al., 2019). The Mental Health Act (1983) of the United Kingdom is similar to the MHPA of the United States in that it requires that health insurance plans that offer mental health benefits must provide coverage for those benefits at parity with coverage for medical and surgical benefits (Peterson & Busch, 2018). However, there are some key differences between the two acts. There are several key differences between the Mental Health Parity Act (MHPA) of the United States and the Mental Health Act (1983) of the United Kingdom. For one, the MHPA only applies to group health plans and insurers, while the Mental Health Act (1983) covers all health care providers in the UK. Additionally, the MHPA only requires parity in coverage for mental health benefits, while the Mental Health Act (1983) requires that all health care providers provide equal access to mental health services (Scarbrough, 2018). Finally, the MHPA does not include any provisions for compulsory treatment, while the Mental Health Act (1983) does allow for involuntary treatment in certain cases.
References
Mulvaney-Day, N., Gibbons, B. J., Alikhan, S., & Karakus, M. (2019). Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act and the Use of Outpatient Behavioral Health Services in the United States, 2005-2016. American journal of public health, 109(S3), S190–S196. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305023
Peterson, E., & Busch, S. (2018). Achieving mental health and substance use disorder treatment parity: a quarter century of policy making and research. Annual Review of Public Health, 39, 421-435. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013603
Scarbrough, J. A. (2018). The growing importance of mental health parity. American Journal of Law & Medicine, 44(2-3), 453-474. https://doi.org/10.1177/0098858818789432
A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY IN OTHER NATIONS NURS 8100
Title: NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY IN OTHER NATIONS NURS 8100
In this week’s learning resources we reviewed how healthcare is provided in various countries impacting the international continuum of care. This international continuum of care has been a topic of interest for centuries, but really pick up momentum as individuals gained access to convenient and fast international travel. Bodenheimer & Grumback (2020) shared that there is no universal design for healthcare delivery. This discrepancy can be a barrier and opportunity for each country to tailor the delivery system to what their population of citizens. For example, social determinants of health are addressed differently in each country. Additionally, various nursing organizations are also focused on the international continuum of care. The International Council of Nursing (n.d.) is focused on several international nursing policies like socio-economic welfare. This is a demonstration of the role of an international organization in developing policy.
I am currently working in collaboration with a university in Rwanda creating curriculum content for a Nursing Leadership and Midwifery graduate level program. I am also an international nursing mentor and am working with students in Rwanda and Kenya on implementing quality improvement projects. The country that I am comparing to the U.S. is Rwanda.
A policy that Rwanda’s Ministry of Health (n.d.) is working on is related to how social determinants of health are addressed. Rwanda is currently rebounding from civil war in the mid 1990’s. In the past several decades they have made significant improvements in address it’s citizens social determinants of health. However, the country has an opportunity to optimize this effort due to persistent extreme poverty, overexploited land, and effects of climate change on housing and healthcare (Government of the Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health, n.d.). The country’s nursing population is also largely midwives due to lack of providers in the country. Bazirete et. al. (2020) shared how social determinants of health impact maternal mortality and morbidity in rural Rwanda.
Social determinants of health is also a policy that is address in the U.S. The American Academy of Nursing has a policy from 2019 which prioritizes a focus on social determinants of health for nursing (Kuehnert et. al., 2022). We’ve incorporated social determinants of health into screening tools and electronic health records to provide targeted population health to support our existing healthcare system and reduce the burden on resources. Bedside nursing is incorporating social determinants of health into clinical practice by allowing the information to impact clinical decision making for improved health outcomes (Phillips et. al., 2020).
From the comparison between how Rwanda and the U.S. are creating policy around social determinants of health I’ve gained an understanding of how different the social needs of each country can be. Additionally, I’ve gained an understanding that it’s challenging to compare a third world and first world healthcare system. Each country is working with vastly different healthcare resources, infrastructure, and population health needs.
References
Bazirete, O., Nzayirambaho, M., Umubyeyi, A., Uwimana, M. C., & Evans, M. (2020). Influencing factors for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage and early detection of childbearing women at risk in Northern Province of Rwanda: beneficiary and health worker perspectives. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), 678. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03389-7
Bodenheimer, T., & Grumbach, K. (2020). Understanding health policy: A clinical approach (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Government of the Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health. (n.d.). Policies. https://www.moh.gov.rw/publications/policies
International Council of Nurses. (n.d.). https://www.icn.ch/nursing-policy
Kuehnert, P., Fawcett, J., DePriest, K. N., Chinn, P., Cousin, L., Ervin, N., Flanagan, J., Fry-Bowers, E., Killion, C., Maliski, S., Manughan, E., Meade, C., Murray, T., Schenk, B., & Waite, R. (2022). Defining the social determinants of health for nursing action to achieve health equity: A consensus paper from the American Academy of Nursing. Nursing Outlook, 70(1), 10-27. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2021.08.003
Phillips, J., Richard, A., Mayer, K. M., Shilkaitis, M., Fogg, L. F., & Vondracek, H. (2020). Integrating the social determinants of health into nursing practice: Nurses’ perspectives. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 52(5), 497–505. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12584
A Sample Answer 3 For the Assignment: NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY IN OTHER NATIONS NURS 8100
Title: NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY IN OTHER NATIONS NURS 8100
Nursing or Health-Related Policies
There are numerous health-related policies in the United States and also all over the globe. While some of these policies are similar in different countries there still remain some distinct differences. Immunization remains to be one of those policies that will be addressed in this discussion. In the United States there is an advisory committee on immunization practices that has in the past voted to approve immunization schedules recommended for adults, (Murthy, Wodi, Bernstein & Ault, 2022). The 2022 schedule has also been approved by different medical bodies including the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2022).
One specific immunization policy directly affects centers for Medicare and Medicaid services health care facilities like the long-term care facilities, hospitals, surgery centers among others. The vaccination rule or policy requires every staff member working at certified health care facilities to be vaccinated against COVID-19. There are those who are exempted for very specific reasons like being allergic to the vaccine, (complying with the CMS COVID-19 Vaccine Mandate, 2022). The seriousness of this policy made some health care staff members resign from their jobs because they did not want to receive the mandated vaccines.
Country Compared to the U.S.
The country that will be compared to the United States is Kenya. It is located in east Africa below the horn of Africa. Kenya straddles the equator and borders Ethiopia, Eritrea, Uganda, Tanzania and the Indian ocean. Unfortunately, according to the World health organization (WHO) Kenya ranks as one of the worst in health care system, (KENYA,2021). This was even before the COVID epidemic. Over 80% of the population who are also involved in most of the economic activities are concentrated in the southern part of the country which is about 40% of the land.
In Kenya the COVID vaccine is to be received not just by the health care personnel but to all those who qualify. The president of Kenya with the ministry of health department passed a policy that all Kenyans should receive the vaccine and carry proof of vaccination when travelling to and from the country (Kenyan Consulate staff in Washington DC, personal communication, February 28, 2022).
Compare and Contrast the Two Policies
The two policies are very similar but enforcing them is very different. As much as Kenyans would like to receive the vaccine it takes a lot of effort to get it. Different people have shared about vaccine accessibility. One Kenyan, living in America shared how his friend died before getting a vaccine in Kenya yet he has not only received two doses of the vaccine but a booster too in a drug store. The inequality of making the policy practical is evident when the United States is compared to Kenya.
The policy in United States may not be achieved not because of lack of the vaccine but due to personal choices or other reasons. In Kenya, however the government has the money to purchase the vaccine but as the Kenyan president told reporters, the vaccine is unavailable due to high income countries reserving COVID-19 vaccines that can be produced by manufactures for future need, (Deadly inequity, 2021).
Role of International Organizations in Developing Policy
The COVID-19 epidemic is a global health concern. There are millions of doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, that have been administered all over the world. Unfortunately, the rates of vaccination are different for different countries. The role of international organization would be to make the vaccines available to those with a dire need.
Helping implement a policy would be more effective than making one. When a solution to eradicate or minimize a disease is identified it is important for international organizations to play a role in developing or executing policies that would make it possible for success to be achieved. Contagious diseases are managed well when there is herd immunity. It is therefore important to have equitable access to safe and effective vaccines if the COVID pandemic will be managed. World Health Organization (WHO) continues to encourage different tolerable and effective vaccines to be manufactured by different partners all over the world, (World Health Organization, 2022).
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Immunization schedules https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/adult.html
Deadly inequity. (2021). Christian Century, 138(17), 7.
KENYA. (2021). In Political Risk Yearbook: Kenya Country Report (pp. 1–18).
Murthy, N., Wodi, A. P., Bernstein, H., & Ault, K. A. (2022). Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule, United States, 2022. Annals of Internal Medicine, 175(3), 432–443. https://doi.org/10.7326/M22-0036
World Health Organization (2022). Covid Vaccines. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines
Complying with the CMS COVID-19 Vaccine Mandate. (2022, April 30). MagMutual. https://www.magmutual.com/complying-with-the-cms-covid-19-vaccine-mandate/
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Good | Fair | Poor | |||
| RESPONSIVENESS TO DISCUSSION QUESTION
Discussion post minimum requirements: *The original posting must be completed by Wednesday, Day 3, at 11:59pm MST. Two response postings to two different peer original posts, on two different days, are required by Saturday, Day 6, at 11:59pm MST. Faculty member inquiries require responses, which are not included in the minimum number of posts. Your Discussion Board postings should be written in standard edited English and follow APA style for format and grammar as closely as possible given the constraints of the online platform. Be sure to support the postings with specific citations from this week’s Learning Resources as well as resources available through the Walden University online databases. Refer to the Essential Guide to APA Style for Walden Students to ensure your in-text citations and reference list are correct. |
8 (26.67%) – 8 (26.67%)
Discussion postings and responses exceed the requirements of the Discussion instructions. They: Respond to the question being asked or the prompt provided; – Go beyond what is required in some meaningful way (e.g., the post contributes a new dimension, unearths something unanticipated); -Are substantive, reflective, with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings and current credible evidence. – Demonstrate significant ability to generalize and extend thinking and evaluate theories or concepts within the topic or context of the discussion. -Demonstrate that the student has read, viewed, and considered the Learning -Resources as well as additional resources and has read, viewed, or considered a sampling of colleagues’ postings; -Exceed the minimum requirements for discussion posts*. |
7 (23.33%) – 7 (23.33%)
Discussion postings and responses meet the requirements of the Discussion instructions. They: -Respond to the question being asked or the prompt provided; -Are substantive, reflective, with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings and current credible evidence.re -Demonstrate ability to generalize and extend thinking and evaluate theories or concepts within the topic or context of the discussion. -Demonstrate that the student has read, viewed, and considered the Learning Resources and has read, viewed, or considered a sampling of colleagues’ postings -Meet the minimum requirements for discussion posts*. |
6 (20%) – 6 (20%)
Discussion postings and responses are minimally responsive to the requirements of the Discussion instructions. They: – do not clearly address the objectives of the discussion or the question or prompt; and/or -May (lack) lack in depth, reflection, analysis, or synthesis but rely more on anecdotal than scholarly evidence; and/or -Do not adequately demonstrate that the student has read, viewed, and considered the Learning -Resources and/or a sampling of colleagues’ postings; and/or has posted by the due date at least in part. – Lack ability to generalize and extend thinking and evaluate theories or concepts within the topic or context of the discussion. -Do not meet the minimum requirements for discussion posts*. |
0 (0%) – 5 (16.67%)
Discussion postings and responses are unresponsive to the requirements of the Discussion instructions. They: – do not clearly address the objectives of the discussion or the question or prompt; and/or – Lack in substance, reflection, analysis, or synthesis but rely more on anecdotal than scholarly evidence. – Lack ability to generalize and extend thinking and evaluate theories or concepts within the topic or context of the discussion. -Do not demonstrate that the student has read, viewed, and considered the Learning Resources and/or a sampling of colleagues’ postings; and/or does not meet the minimum requirements for discussion posts*. |
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| CONTENT KNOWLEDGE | 8 (26.67%) – 8 (26.67%)
Discussion postings and responses: -demonstrate in-depth understanding and application of concepts and issues presented in the course (e.g., insightful interpretations including analysis, synthesis and/or evaluation of topic; – are well supported by pertinent research/evidence from a variety of and multiple peer- reviewed books and journals, where appropriate; -Demonstrate significant mastery and thoughtful/accurate application of content, applicable skills or strategies presented in the course. |
7 (23.33%) – 7 (23.33%)
Discussion postings and responses: -demonstrate understanding and application of the concepts and issues presented in the course, presented with some understanding and application of concepts and issues presented in the course (e.g., insightful interpretations including analysis, synthesis and/or evaluation of topic; -are supported by research/evidence from peer-reviewed books and journals, where appropriate; and · demonstrate some mastery and application of content, applicable skills, or strategies presented in the course. |
6 (20%) – 6 (20%)
Discussion postings and responses: – demonstrate minimal understanding of concepts and issues presented in the course, and, although generally accurate, display some omissions and/or errors; –lack support by research/evidence and/or the research/evidence is inappropriate or marginal in quality; and/or lack of analysis, synthesis or evaluation of topic – demonstrate minimal content, skills or strategies presented in the course. ——-Contain numerous errors when using the skills or strategies presented in the course |
0 (0%) – 5 (16.67%)
Discussion postings and responses demonstrate: -A lack of understanding of the concepts and issues presented in the course; and/or are inaccurate, contain many omissions and/or errors; and/or are not supported by research/evidence; and/or lack of analysis, synthesis or evaluation of topic -Many critical errors when discussing content, applicable skills or strategies presented in the course. |
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| CONTRIBUTION TO THE DISCUSSION | 8 (26.67%) – 8 (26.67%)
Discussion postings and responses significantly contribute to the quality of the discussion/interaction and thinking and learning by: -providing Rich and relevant examples; discerning and thought-provoking ideas; and stimulating thoughts and probes; – -demonstrating original thinking, new perspectives, and extensive synthesis of ideas supported by the literature. |
7 (23.33%) – 7 (23.33%)
Discussion postings and responses contribute to the quality of the discussion/interaction and thinking and learning by -providing relevant examples; thought-provoking ideas – Demonstrating synthesis of ideas supported by the literature |
6 (20%) – 6 (20%)
Discussion postings and responses minimally contribute to the quality of discussion/interaction and thinking and learning by: – providing few and/or irrelevant examples; and/or – providing few if any thought- provoking ideas; and/or -. Information that is restated from the literature with no/little demonstration of critical thinking or synthesis of ideas. |
0 (0%) – 5 (16.67%)
Discussion postings and responses do not contribute to the quality of interaction/discussion and thinking and learning as they do not: -Provide examples (or examples are irrelevant); and/or -Include interesting thoughts or ideas; and/or – Demonstrate of critical thinking or synthesis of ideas |
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| QUALITY OF WRITING | 6 (20%) – 6 (20%)
Discussion postings and responses exceed doctoral -level writing expectations. They: · Use grammar and syntax that is clear, concise, and appropriate to doctoral level writing; · Make few if any errors in spelling, grammar, and syntax; · Use original language and refrain from directly quoting original source materials; -provide correct APA · Are positive, courteous, and respectful when offering suggestions, constructive feedback, or opposing viewpoints. |
5 (16.67%) – 5 (16.67%)
Discussion postings and responses meet doctoral -level writing expectations. They: ·Use grammar and syntax that is clear and appropriate to doctoral level writing; ; · Make a few errors in spelling, grammar, and syntax; · paraphrase but refrain from directly quoting original source materials; Provide correct APA format · Are courteous and respectful when offering suggestions, constructive feedback, or opposing viewpoints;. |
4 (13.33%) – 4 (13.33%)
Discussion postings and responses are minimally below doctoral-level writing expectations. They: · Make more than occasional errors in spelling, grammar, and syntax; · Directly quote from original source materials and/or paraphrase rather than use original language; lack correct APA format; and/or · Are less than courteous and respectful when offering suggestions, feedback, or opposing viewpoints. |
0 (0%) – 3 (10%)
Discussion postings and responses are well below doctoral -level writing expectations. They: · Use grammar and syntax that is that is unclear · Make many errors in spelling, grammar, and syntax; and –use incorrect APA format · Are discourteous and disrespectful when offering suggestions, feedback, or opposing viewpoints. |
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| Total Points: 30 | ||||||