NURS 8201 Week 8 Discussion Statistical Analysis in Nursing ANSWERS
Sample Answer for NURS 8201 Week 8 Discussion Statistical Analysis in Nursing ANSWERS Included After Question
Week 8: Quantitative Analysis and Interpretation: Nonparametric Methods
What is the impact of research studies on nursing practice?
Research studies have the ability to create change and move healthcare forward. New insights garner new ideas, and new ideas create a space in which patients may receive better care.
Not surprisingly, as a profession, healthcare professionals rely heavily on the use of research to guide practice. Moreover, DNP-prepared nurses are uniquely prepared, through training and education, to lead the way for the use of research to impact change. As a future DNP-prepared nurse, how do you see yourself using research in your area of practice?
This week, you will examine the use of nonparametric methods in research studies. You will explore the use of research for your area of practice and analyze studies in your area of interest. You will also consider and recommend changes to study designs and methodologies to improve the data analyzed as you continue working on your Article Critique Assignment.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
- Analyze the use of nonparametric statistical tests in research studies
- Analyze why parametric statistical tests are inappropriate for research study designs
- Analyze strengths and weaknesses of research studies*
- Analyze how research studies contribute to evidence-based practice for nursing
- Analyze impact of research studies on nursing practice*
- Recommend changes to study designs and methodologies to support research studies*
*Assigned in Week 7 of Module 3 and submitted in Week 10 of Module 4
Learning Resources
Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)
Gray, J. R., & Grove, S. K. (2020). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (9th ed.). Elsevier.
- Chapter 25, “Using Statistics to Determine Differences” (pp. 687–698)
Document: CITI Program Learner Registration Guide (PDF)
Discussion: Statistical Analysis in Nursing
“An essential component of nursing education is ensuring students develop the competencies in the use of empirical evidence in their clinical practice. The fundamental goal of statistics courses is to teach healthcare professionals the proper uses of statistical thinking to enable them to effectively evaluate the literature and integrate evidence into their practice” (Baghi & Kornides, 2014).
Photo Credit: ZoneCreative / iStock / Getty Images
How are research methods used in nursing? What particular methods are used in your area of nursing practice? Over the last few weeks, you have been exploring these questions, and you will continue this exploration examining the specific tests and methods that may be used in your particular area of nursing practice. Why might different methods be used based on an area of practice? Why is it important for DNP-prepared nurses to be familiar with various research methods?
For this Discussion, reflect on the tests and methods utilized in research studies, presented over the last eight weeks of the course, to consider the approach, impact, and purpose of these in conducting nursing research. Using a selected article, consider the approach used and reflect on how that approach might fits within your area of nursing practice.
Reference: Baghi, H., & Kornides, M. (2013). Current and future health care professionals attitudes toward and knowledge of statistics: How confidence influences learning. Journal of Nursing Education Practitioners 3(7), 24–29 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4239707/
To Prepare:
- Review the articles presented in this week’s Learning Resources and analyze each study’s use of statistical and nonparametric tests.
- Select an article to focus on for this Discussion.
- Ask yourself: Which method is most commonly used in research studies that pertain to my area of nursing practice, and why this might be so?
By Day 3 of Week 8
Post a critical analysis of the article that you selected by addressing the following:
- What are the goals and purpose of the research study described by the article you selected?
- How are nonparametric tests used in the research study? What are the results of their use? Be specific.
- Why are parametric methods (t tests and ANOVA) inappropriate for the statistical analysis of the research study’s data? Be specific and provide examples.
- What are the strengths and weaknesses of the research study (e.g., study design, sampling, and measurement)?
- How could the findings and recommendations of the research study contribute to evidence-based practice for nursing?
By Day 6 of Week 8
Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:
- Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research.
- Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.
- Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.
- Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.
- Suggest an alternative perspective based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.
- Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.
Submission and Grading Information
Grading Criteria
To access your rubric:
Week 8 Discussion Rubric
Post by Day 3 of Week 8 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 8
To Participate in this Discussion:
Week 8 Discussion
Assignment: Article Critique
Continue to work on your article critique, assigned in Week 7 and due in Week 10. Continue evaluating your selected research article and developing the required sections of your paper.
You are not required to submit this Assignment this week. Your article critique is due by Day 7 of Week 10.
What’s Coming Up in Module 4?
Photo Credit: [BrianAJackson]/[iStock / Getty Images Plus]/Getty Images
In the next module, you will explore and analyze approaches for qualitative research. You will explore methods and analysis as it relates to healthcare and your particular area of nursing practice. You will also complete your CITI Program Training and complete your Article Critique Assignment submission.
Looking Ahead: Assignment: CITI Program Training
As a doctorally-prepared nurse, you may have opportunities to collaborate in research activities in your practice. The Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI Program) provides education on protection of human subjects. In the United States, the CITI Program is the training module that most research institutions use. Therefore, as a part of this course, you are required to successfully complete the CITI Program training by Day 7 of Week 9.
Photo Credit: Андрей Яланский / Adobe Stock
This online course may take up to 8 hours to complete. You will receive an electronic Certificate of Completion upon successfully passing the training. You will submit this Certificate of Completion to the Walden University Institutional Review Board office when you submit an application to conduct research.
To Prepare:
- Follow the instructions on the CITI Program Learner Registration webpage to create your account (https://www.citiprogram.org/index.cfm?pageID=154&icat=0&clear=1).
- Review the CITI Program Learner Registration Guide for step-by-step instructions on completing the registration process.
- Be sure to select Walden University under the “Select Your Organization Affiliation” section. If you do not select Walden University, you will not be able to access the training at no cost.
- Create and record your CITI Program User Name and Password for future reference.
To complete:
By Day 7 of Week 9
- Complete the five required Citi Program training modules as well as the two elective modules.
- Copy and paste the Certificate of Completion into a Word document and save the file as a “.doc” or “.rtf” file.
You are not required to submit this Assignment this week.
Note: This Assignment must be completed by Day 7 of Week 9 in order for you to successfully complete this course.
Next Module
A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NURS 8201 Week 8 Discussion Statistical Analysis in Nursing ANSWERS
Title: NURS 8201 Week 8 Discussion Statistical Analysis in Nursing ANSWERS
The research statement that I chose the research topic discusses the factors that contribute to the prevention of evidence-based pressure ulcers. Evidence-based therapy for pressure ulcer management is not being implemented. Because the hospital structure is complicated, greater expertise is required to comprehend how to enhance nurse care in this field (Sving et al., 2014). In this research problem, the main focus would be looking at the relationships that would be between variables at various levels in the healthcare institutions environments that include the patients, hospitals, the units in the hospitals, and medical providers, in addition to the recordkeeping of threats analysis and evaluation of the skin within 24 hours of hospital admission by use of pressure-relieving mattresses and scheduled realigning in beds.
In researching the relationships between the use of different variables used in reducing pressure ulcers within the first day (24 hours) of admission, there are independent and dependent variables that will be used. The dependent variables in the research would include the recordkeeping of the threats analysis, skin evaluation in the first 24 hours of admission, the employment pressure-relieving mattresses, and scheduled realigning in beds (Sving et al., 2014). The dependent variables would be categorized as continuous data. The documentation of records and threats analysis is a constant measure that cannot be quantified but measured and recorded progressively.
The independent variables would include age, gender, the number of days in hospitalization, the threat score on the research day or rather data collection day, the type of healthcare, the staffing of nurses, and finally, the workload in the hospital. The independent variables would be categorized as ordinal data that I would employ the Braden scale or Likert scale to measure the scores (Robitzsch, 2020). The variables would be analyzed statistically by getting the standard deviation, interquartile range and testing the hypothetical level by determining the confidence interval (Taherdoost, 2016). The disadvantages of the analysis process are that the sampled participants represent the whole community, and testing small data would probably not give the truth of the prevention of pressure ulcers in healthcare institutions.
References
Robitzsch, A. (2020). Why Ordinal Variables Can (Almost) Always Be Treated as Continuous Variables: Clarifying Assumptions of Robust Continuous and Ordinal Factor Analysis Estimation Methods. Frontiers in Education, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.589965
Sving, E., Idvall, E., Högberg, H., &Gunningberg, L. (2014). Factors contributing to evidence-based pressure ulcer prevention. A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(5), 717–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.09.007
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling Methods in Research Methodology; How to Choose a Sampling Technique for Research. SSRN Electronic Journal. Published. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3205035
A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: NURS 8201 Week 8 Discussion Statistical Analysis in Nursing ANSWERS
Title: NURS 8201 Week 8 Discussion Statistical Analysis in Nursing ANSWERS
The article chosen for this discussion is an article by Leigh et al.(2020). The goal and purpose of this article were to explore the predictors of emergency nurses’ protection motivation during the West African Ebola outbreak. This is an example of an article where nonparametric tests were used. For example, the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used in the analysis of the connection between the categorical independent variables like employment, licensure, education level, race, age groups, gender, and other variables related to protection motivation theory. The analysis gave important results. An example is the relationship between gender and psychological variables, which were analyzed. From the Kruskal-Wallis H test, the self-efficacy χ² value was 11.74, indicating a significance at p<0.005. Male respondents also have a substantially higher self-efficacy as shown from post hoc Dunn-Bonferroni tests.
It is evident that this research did not use parametric methods such as ANOVA and t-test since they were inappropriate for the statistical analysis of the research study’s data. One of the reasons is that parametric tests assume that data usually follow normal distribution; as such, in case the data fails to follow such a trend (Grey & Grove, 2020), then parametric tests can lead to inaccurate results. A typical example from the paper is the case where the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to explore the distribution of psychological variables in different age groups, as it doesn’t have to make an assumption that the data is normally distributed. ANOVA also assumes homogeneity of variance; hence, it may not be reliable when such an assumption does not hold (Orcan et al.,2020).
This study has various strengths. One of them is the sample size. The sample size was 388, which is sufficient, hence enhancing generalizability. There is also diversity in educational levels and age groups. The use of nonparametric tests such as Spearman rho correlation and Kruskal-Wallis H test in data analysis shows a robust approach (Juang, 2021). One weakness is that the cross-sectional design used limits the ability to explore the causal relationships between variables. It is also vulnerable to response bias as data collection relies on self-reported information. The findings and recommendations of this research study can contribute to EBP for nursing in that stakeholders can formulate tailored preparedness strategies by identifying factors that influence nurses’ perceptions.
References
Gray, J. R., & Grove, S. K. (2020). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (9th ed.). Elsevier.
Jiang, J. (2021). Nonparametric statistics. In Large Sample Techniques for Statistics (pp. 379-415). Cham: Springer International Publishing. Doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-91695-4_11
Leigh, L., Taylor, C., Glassman, T., Thompson, A., & Sheu, J. J. (2020). A cross-sectional examination of the factors related to emergency nurses’ motivation to protect themselves against an Ebola infection. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 46(6), 814-826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2020.05.002Links to an external site.
Orcan, F. (2020). Parametric or nonparametric: Skewness to test normality for mean comparison. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 7(2), 255-265. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.656077
A Sample Answer 3 For the Assignment: NURS 8201 Week 8 Discussion Statistical Analysis in Nursing ANSWERS
Title: NURS 8201 Week 8 Discussion Statistical Analysis in Nursing ANSWERS
Thanks for participating in this week’s discussion. Your post is fascinating and I learned a lot from your in-depth discussion. According to Polit and Beck (2017), data-collecting plans aid in producing reliable, valid, and significant data. The results of this study should be supported by evidence for future nursing practice and interventions. I feel that, in attempting to gauge patient satisfaction with my existing organization, it would be more advantageous to gather data quantitatively utilizing this approach. A cross-sectional study is the topic of the article you have chosen to discuss today. Investigation of the Elements Associated with Emergency Nurses’ Willingness to Defense Against an Ebola Contagion using a Cross-Sectional Approach (Leigh, 2020). Examining the factors that influence emergency nurses’ motivation for protection is the aim of this research. This study aims to determine what and how emergencies, like the Ebola outbreak in West African countries, inspire nurses to take protective measures for themselves. The two types of tests used to test research are parametric and non-parametric tests (changingminds.org, 2016). According to changingminds.org (2016), non-parametric designs do not fit the usual bell curve, however, parametric designs may be statistically defined as bell-shaped and have standard dissemination that allows for more inferences. In contrast to non-parametric testing, which uses ordinals or nominals and measures the median to allow for simplicity and be less impacted by variables, parametric testing examines data that is ratio or interval and measures the mean to make more conclusions, according to Changingminds.org (2016).
Stepwise multiple linear regression, Spearman rho correlation, post hoc Dunn-Bonferroni test (which produces t values), and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H test (which produces χ2 values) were all carried out with SPSS version 26. We chose this approach because it produced accurate data devoid of conjecture. The information provided by all of the ER nurses’ participants strongly predicts the protective motivation of emergency nurses.
For statistical analyses of research studies, parametric tests like the t-test and ANOVA are inappropriate because they require that the populations under study have the same type of variance, that the variables being tested and measured have been measured at the same scale of intervals, and that the populations are not still valid on small data sets. The mean and its deviation are two examples of the data used in a parametric correlation.
Utilizing a cross-sectional research design and having it authorized by the institutional review board of the University of Toledo and the head of the Institute for Emergency Nursing Research was a strength of the study. The random selection of emergency nurses, which includes ENA members, is one of the weaknesses. The findings’ external validity could be jeopardized by the possibility that ENA members do not accurately reflect all emergency nurses in the US geographically. The current findings represent a generous assessment of the nurses’ incentive to protect themselves when providing care to potential patients with Ebola virus, however, it may be expected that ENA members might be experienced and professionally dedicated. The nurses’ incentive to follow precautionary measures when tending to patients who may be infected with the disease may also have been impacted by the timing of the Ebola outbreak. Since the study’s goal was to provide intervention to increase emergency nurses’ knowledge, self-efficacy, and response efficacy while also lowering their perceived vulnerability and response cost, its conclusions and recommendations may help advance evidence-based practice in nursing. When nurses are caring for patients in emergencies, as the coronavirus pandemic the globe is currently experiencing, it would be expected that such interventions will proactively inspire them to protect themselves..
References
Bailey, J., McVey, L., & Pevreal, A. (2005). Surveying patients as a start to quality improvement in the surgical suites holding area. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 20(4), 319-326
.Changingminds.org. (2016). Retrieved from http://changingminds.org/explanations/research/analysis/parametric_non-parametric.htm
Leigh, L., Taylor, C., Glassman, T., Thompson, A., & Sheu, J-. J. (2020). A cross-sectional examination of the factors relating to emergency nurses’ motivation to protect themselves against Ebola infection. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 46(6) 814-826.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer
NURS 8201 Week 8 Discussion Statistical Analysis in Nursing ANSWERS Grading Rubric Guidelines
| Performance Category | 10 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 0 |
| Scholarliness
Demonstrates achievement of scholarly inquiry for professional and academic decisions. |
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| Performance Category | 10 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 0 |
| Application of Course Knowledge –
Demonstrate the ability to analyze, synthesize, and/or apply principles and concepts learned in the course lesson and outside readings and relate them to real-life professional situations |
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| Performance Category | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
| Interactive Dialogue
Replies to each graded thread topic posted by the course instructor, by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT, of each week, and posts a minimum of two times in each graded thread, on separate days. (5 points possible per graded thread) |
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Summarizes what was learned from the lesson, readings, and other student posts for the week. |
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| Minus 1 Point | Minus 2 Point | Minus 3 Point | Minus 4 Point | Minus 5 Point | |
| Grammar, Syntax, APA
Note: if there are only a few errors in these criteria, please note this for the student in as an area for improvement. If the student does not make the needed corrections in upcoming weeks, then points should be deducted. Points deducted for improper grammar, syntax and APA style of writing. The source of information is the APA Manual 6th Edition |
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| 0 points lost | -5 points lost | ||||
| Total Participation Requirements
per discussion thread |
The student answers the threaded discussion question or topic on one day and posts a second response on another day. | The student does not meet the minimum requirement of two postings on two different days | |||
| Early Participation Requirement
per discussion thread |
The student must provide a substantive answer to the graded discussion question(s) or topic(s), posted by the course instructor (not a response to a peer), by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT of each week. | The student does not meet the requirement of a substantive response to the stated question or topic by Wednesday at 11:59 pm MT. |