Sample Answer for NURS 6501 MODULE 8 PEDIATRICS Included After Question
In this exercise, you will complete a 5-essay type question Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content.
Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include:
- Growth and development
- Normal growth patterns
- Scoliosis (ortho)
- Kawasaki
- Alterations in children
- Congenital (heart syndrome)
- PDAs
- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
- Asthma
- Lead poisoning and effects on neurological functioning
- Sickle cell
- Hemophilia
Note: It is strongly recommended that you take the Knowledge Check at least 48 hours before taking the Final Exam.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEKLY RESOURCES
BY DAY 5 OF WEEK 11
Complete the Knowledge Check by Day 5 of Week 11.
Attempt History
| Attempt | Time | Score | |
| LATEST | Attempt 1 | 3 minutes | 20 out of 20 |
Score for this quiz: 20 out of 20
Submitted Aug 11 at 10:54am
This attempt took 3 minutes.
A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NURS 6501 MODULE 8 PEDIATRICS
Title: NURS 6501 MODULE 8 PEDIATRICS
Scenario 1: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
An 11-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents who states that the boy has not been eating and listless. The mother also notes that he has been easily bruising without trauma as he says he is too tired to go out and play. He says his bones hurt sometimes. Mother states the child has had intermittent fevers that respond to acetaminophen.
Maternal history negative for pre, intra, or post-partum problems.
PMH: Negative. Easily reached developmental milestones.
PE: reveals a thin, very pale child who has bruises on his arms and legs in no particular pattern.
LABS: CBC revealed Hemoglobin of 6.9/dl, hematocrit of 19%, and platelet count of 80,000/mm3. The CMP demonstrated a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 34m g/dl and creatinine of 2.9 mg/dl.
DIAGNOSIS: acute leukemia and renal failure and immediately refers the patient to the Emergency Room where a pediatric hematologist has been consulted and is waiting for the boy and his parents.
CONFIRMED DX: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was made after extensive testing.
Question
1. Explain what ALL is?
Your Answer:
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer that primarily affects the blood and bone marrow. It is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature white blood cells, specifically lymphoblasts, which are a type of white blood cell involved in the immune system. In a healthy individual, these cells mature into different types of lymphocytes that play crucial roles in defending the body against infections.
In ALL, the abnormal lymphoblasts accumulate in the bone marrow, interfering with the production of normal blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. As a result, the bone marrow becomes overcrowded with cancerous cells, leading to a decrease in the production of healthy blood cells.
The symptoms described in the scenario, such as fatigue, paleness, bruising, bone pain, and fever, are common manifestations of ALL. The reduced number of red blood cells (anemia) leads to fatigue and pallor, while the decreased platelet count contributes to easy bruising and bleeding. The bone pain could be a result of the overcrowding of the bone marrow with cancerous cells.
A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: NURS 6501 MODULE 8 PEDIATRICS
Title: NURS 6501 MODULE 8 PEDIATRICS
Scenario 1: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
An 11-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents who states that the boy has not been eating and listless. The mother also notes that he has been easily bruising without trauma as he says he is too tired to go out and play. He says his bones hurt sometimes. Mother states the child has had intermittent fevers that respond to acetaminophen.
Maternal history negative for pre, intra, or post-partum problems.
PMH: Negative. Easily reached developmental milestones.
PE: reveals a thin, very pale child who has bruises on his arms and legs in no particular pattern.
LABS: CBC revealed Hemoglobin of 6.9/dl, hematocrit of 19%, and platelet count of 80,000/mm3. The CMP demonstrated a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 34m g/dl and creatinine of 2.9 mg/dl.
DIAGNOSIS: acute leukemia and renal failure and immediately refers the patient to the Emergency Room where a pediatric hematologist has been consulted and is waiting for the boy and his parents.
CONFIRMED DX: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was made after extensive testing.
Question
1. Why does ARF occur in some patients with ALL?
Your Answer:
Acute Renal Failure (ARF) can occur in some patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) due to multiple factors. The rapid breakdown of leukemic cells, often seen in the initial stages of treatment, can result in Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), leading to an overload of electrolytes and waste products in the bloodstream that overwhelms the kidneys’ filtering capacity. Additionally, chemotherapy, while targeting cancer cells, can inadvertently damage healthy cells including those in the kidneys, contributing to kidney dysfunction. Leukemic cells infiltrating the kidneys can disrupt their normal function, infections and sepsis can trigger a systemic inflammatory response affecting kidney blood flow, and the overall physical stress of ALL symptoms, such as reduced fluid intake and vomiting, can lead to dehydration and hypovolemia. This combination of factors can lead to renal failure, characterized by elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, requiring prompt and targeted intervention to manage kidney dysfunction alongside the treatment of ALL.
A Sample Answer 3 For the Assignment: NURS 6501 MODULE 8 PEDIATRICS
Title: NURS 6501 MODULE 8 PEDIATRICS
Scenario 2: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)
A 15-year-old male with known sickle cell disease (SCD) present to the ER in sickle cell crisis. The patient is crying with pain and states this is the third acute episode he has had in the last 10-months. Both parents are present and appear very anxious and teary eyed. A diagnosis of acute sickle cell crisis was made.
Question
1. Explain the pathophysiology of acute SCD crisis. Why is pain the predominate feature of acute crises?
Your Answer:
Acute Sickle Cell Crisis in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is characterized by the blockage of small blood vessels due to clumping of misshapen red blood cells, causing reduced blood flow and tissue oxygenation. This vaso-occlusion triggers inflammation, activating pain receptors in the affected areas, resulting in severe pain. Additionally, the cycle of blockage and release during vaso-occlusion leads to tissue damage and further inflammation, intensifying the pain. This complex process involving vaso-occlusion, inflammation, tissue ischemia, and pain receptor activation collectively makes pain the predominant feature of acute SCD crises.
A Sample Answer 4 For the Assignment: NURS 6501 MODULE 8 PEDIATRICS
Title: NURS 6501 MODULE 8 PEDIATRICS
Scenario 2: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)
A 15-year-old male with known sickle cell disease (SCD) present to the ER in sickle cell crisis. The patient is crying with pain and states this is the third acute episode he has had in the last 10-months. Both parents are present and appear very anxious and teary eyed. A diagnosis of acute sickle cell crisis was made.
Question
1. Discuss the genetic basis for SCD.
Your Answer:
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is caused by a genetic mutation in the beta-globin gene, resulting in the production of abnormal hemoglobin S (HbS). HbS causes red blood cells to become rigid and take on a sickle shape, leading to blockages in blood vessels (vaso-occlusion), reduced oxygen delivery, tissue damage, and acute pain episodes. SCD is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, requiring two copies of the mutated gene for the disease to manifest. Carriers of one normal and one mutated gene have sickle cell trait.
A Sample Answer 5 For the Assignment: NURS 6501 MODULE 8 PEDIATRICS
Title: NURS 6501 MODULE 8 PEDIATRICS
Scenario 3: Hemophilia
8-month infant is brought into the office due to a swollen right knee and excessive bruising. The parents have noticed bruising about a month ago but thought the bruising was due to the attempts to crawl. They became concerned when the baby woke up with a swollen knee. Infant up to date on all immunizations, has not had any medical problems since birth and has met all developmental milestones.
FH: negative for any history of bleeding disorders or other major genetic diseases.
PE: within normal limits except for obvious bruising on the extremities and right knee. Knee is swollen but no warmth appreciated. Range of motion of knee limited due to the swelling.
DIAGNOSIS: hemophilia A.
Question
1. What is the pathophysiology of Hemophilia
Your Answer:
Hemophilia is a genetic bleeding disorder where there is a deficiency or dysfunction of a specific clotting factor (factor VIII in hemophilia A or factor IX in hemophilia B). This disruption in the clotting cascade leads to ineffective formation of stable blood clots. As a result, individuals with hemophilia experience prolonged bleeding after injuries or trauma, as well as spontaneous bleeding into joints and soft tissues. Diagnosis involves measuring clotting factor levels, and treatment includes replacing the deficient clotting factor to control bleeding and prevent complications.
A Sample Answer 6 For the Assignment: NURS 6501 MODULE 8 PEDIATRICS
Title: NURS 6501 MODULE 8 PEDIATRICS
Scenario 1: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
An 11-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents who states that the boy has not been eating and listless. The mother also notes that he has been easily bruising without trauma as he says he is too tired to go out and play. He says his bones hurt sometimes. Mother states the child has had intermittent fevers that respond to acetaminophen.
Maternal history negative for pre, intra, or post-partum problems.
PMH: Negative. Easily reached developmental milestones.
PE: reveals a thin, very pale child who has bruises on his arms and legs in no particular pattern.
LABS: CBC revealed Hemoglobin of 6.9/dl, hematocrit of 19%, and platelet count of 80,000/mm3. The CMP demonstrated a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 34m g/dl and creatinine of 2.9 mg/dl.
DIAGNOSIS: acute leukemia and renal failure and immediately refers the patient to the Emergency Room where a pediatric hematologist has been consulted and is waiting for the boy and his parents.
CONFIRMED DX: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was made after extensive testing.
Question
- Why does ARF occur in some patients with ALL?
Your Answer:
Acute Renal Failure (ARF) can occur in some patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) due to multiple factors. The rapid breakdown of leukemic cells, often seen in the initial stages of treatment, can result in Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), leading to an overload of electrolytes and waste products in the bloodstream that overwhelms the kidneys’ filtering capacity. Additionally, chemotherapy, while targeting cancer cells, can inadvertently damage healthy cells including those in the kidneys, contributing to kidney dysfunction. Leukemic cells infiltrating the kidneys can disrupt their normal function, infections and sepsis can trigger a systemic inflammatory response affecting kidney blood flow, and the overall physical stress of ALL symptoms, such as reduced fluid intake and vomiting, can lead to dehydration and hypovolemia. This combination of factors can lead to renal failure, characterized by elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, requiring prompt and targeted intervention to manage kidney dysfunction alongside the treatment of ALL.