NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis 

Sample Answer for NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis Included After Question

 An understanding of the factors surrounding women’s and men’s health, infections, and hematologic disorders can be critically important to disease diagnosis and treatment in these areas. This importance is magnified by the fact that some diseases and disorders manifest differently based on the sex of the patient.  

Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond the human systems involved. The impact of patient characteristics, as well as racial and ethnic variables, can also have an important impact.. 

An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in systems based on these characteristics is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs, this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans. 

In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.  

To prepare: 

By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor. 

Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis) 

In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following: 

• The factors that affect fertility (STDs). 
• Why inflammatory markers rise in STD/PID. 
  • • Why prostatitis and infection happens. Also explain the causes of systemic reaction. 
      • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Why a patient wf I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
• Anemia and the different kinds of anemia (i.e., micro and macrocytic). 

Day 7 of Week 10 

Submit your Case Study Analysis Assignment by Day 7 of Week 10 

Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The sample paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates). All papers submitted must use this formatting. 

Submission and Grading Information 

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following: 

• Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “M7Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name. 
• Click the Module 7 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment. 
• Click the Module 7  Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area. 
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “M7Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open. 
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database. 
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission. 

Grading Criteria 

 

To access your rubric: 

Module 7 Assignment Rubric 

 

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity 

 

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity: 

Submit your Module 7 Assignment draft and review the originality report. 

 

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 10 

 

To participate in this Assignment: 

Module 7 Assignment 

 

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

Title: NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

Women and men’s health problems have considerable impact on their health, wellbeing, and quality of life (Chhetri et al., 2018; Khalafalla et al., 2019). Nurses and other healthcare providers assess patients to determine the most effective treatments to address their needs. 3 Therefore, this paper explores the health needs of a female patient that presents to the emergency department with a chief complain of fever, nausea, chills, vomiting, and vaginal discharge. 4 She also has lower left quadrant pain and bilateral lower back pain, which started about three days ago. 

5 Factors that Affect Fertility (STDs) Several factors affect patient’s fertility. One of them as seen in this case study is sexually transmitted infections. Untreated STDs often lead to the development of other complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, which cause infertility. STDs such as chlamydia and gonorrhea contribute to the highest cases of infertility in the population. Pelvic inflammatory disease can cause scarring of the reproductive tissues, leading to infertility and complications such as ectopic pregnancies (Chhetri et al., 2018; Khalafalla et al., 2019). The additional factors that may affect fertility include weight, alcoholism, vitamin deficiencies, and thyroid disease. 

Patient Symptoms The patient presented to the emergency department with some symptoms. 6 They include complaints of fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and vaginal discharge, which started about three days ago. 4 She also began having left lower quadrant pain and bilateral lower back pain. 7 She denied foul-smelling urine, dysuria, or frequency. She is married and has sexual intercourse with her husband. Physical assessment findings showed elevated white blood cells, normal hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet levels. She has fever with normal cardio-respiratory exam and tachycardia. 7 There is foul smelling green drainage and reddened cervices with bilateral adnexal tenderness. As a result, she is likely to be suffering from a sexually transmitted infection. 

4 Why Inflammatory Markers Rise in STD/PID Inflammatory markets rise significantly in STD and pelvic inflammatory disease. The rise is largely due to the presence of a bacterial infection in one’s system. The bacterial infection stimulates respiratory response, which includes an elevated release of white blood cells and neutrophils to fight the infection. This phenomenon can be seen in the patient’s lab values such as white blood cells and C-reactive proteins that are elevated. Inflammation also occurs due to the massive release of neutrophils and cytokines in response to the infections (Ravel et al., 2021). The presence of adnexal tenderness shows an elevated inflammatory response to the bacterial infection. CRP levels in the body rise whenever there is an inflammation in the body. 

8 Conclusion In summary, STDs and pelvic inflammatory disease affect fertility. Lifestyle factors such as obesity also play a role. Inflammatory biomarkers rise significantly with STDs and PIID. Patients are increasingly at risk of prostatitis and need for spleen removal due to these infections. Therefore, interventions to prevent and timely treatment of STDs are important. 

References 

Chhetri, A., Biswas, S. C., & Gupta, K. (2018). Infection and infertility. Practical Guide in Infertility; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers: Delhi, India, 107. 

Khalafalla, K., Elbardisi, H., & Arafa, M. (2019). 8 Sexually transmitted infection and male infertility. In Male Infertility in Reproductive Medicine (pp. 69–77). CRC Press. 

4 Ravel, J., Moreno, I., & Simón, C. (2021). 4 Bacterial vaginosis and its association with infertility, endometritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 224(3), 251–257. 

A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

Title: NURS 6501 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

Understanding the intricacies of human health requires a holistic approach, considering not just the overt symptoms but also the nuanced differences that arise due to gender, racial, and ethnic variations. Diseases and disorders, especially in the realms of fertility, infections, and hematologic disorders, often manifest distinctly based on such parameters. The following analysis explores the specific scenario of a 32-year-old female patient presenting with symptoms consistent with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Patient Presentation

A 32-year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) with a constellation of symptoms including fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, vaginal discharge, left lower quadrant (LLQ) pain, bilateral lower back pain, and 99% on room air. Cardio-respiratory exam within normal limits with the exception of tachycardia but no murmurs, rubs, clicks, or gallops. Despite the absence of dysuria, the patient’s pelvic exam revealed significant findings, including copious foul-smelling green drainage, reddened cervix, and bilateral adenexal tenderness, suggestive of an active infectious process.

Lab Findings

The patient’s complete blood count (CBC) was significant for leukocytosis (WBC 18), which suggests an active systemic inflammatory process. The elevated sedimentation rate (46 mm/hr) and C-reactive protein (67 mg/L) further reinforced the presence of inflammation. The wet prep from the pelvic examination was positive for clue cells, while the gram stain demonstrated gram-negative diplococci. These findings are consistent with bacterial vaginosis and gonorrhea, respectively.

Factors That Affect Fertility (STDs)

Sexually transmitted diseases can significantly impact fertility in both men and women. Chlamydia and gonorrhea, in particular, can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, resulting in tubal blockage, which prevents the union of sperm and egg (Ogbonmwan et al., 2021). The patient in the scenario presented with foul-smelling vaginal discharge, a critical symptom indicative of STDs, specifically pointing towards gonorrhea given the presence of gram-negative diplococci. The presence of such infections, if left untreated, can pose risks to her fertility.

Why Inflammatory Markers Rise in STD/PID

Pelvic inflammatory disease, commonly resulting from untreated STDs like chlamydia and gonorrhea, causes inflammation of the female reproductive organs. This inflammation triggers the body to release inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Consequently, inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) elevate (Anthony et al., 2019). In the patient’s scenario, her raised ESR (46 mm/hr) and elevated CRP (67 mg/L) signify active inflammation in her body, likely pointing towards the PID arising from the suspected STD. The heightened inflammatory response is the body’s attempt to combat the infection, which explains the elevated white blood cell count.

Prostatitis and Its Causes

Prostatitis refers to the inflammation of the prostate gland. It can be caused by a bacterial infection, though most cases are nonbacterial. Bacterial prostatitis may arise from a urinary tract infection, STDs like gonorrhea, or following medical procedures. In the above case study, the patient was found to have gonorrhea, which is an STD that can be associated with bacterial infections leading to conditions like prostatitis. The body’s response to the infection leads to inflammation of the prostate gland, causing pain, urinary problems, and other symptoms. Systemic reactions, including fever and chills, can also occur if the infection spreads or if the body mounts a robust immune response (Mendoza-Rodríguez et al., 2023).

Splenectomy After a Diagnosis of ITP

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a condition where the immune system destroys platelets, which are essential for blood clotting. If ITP is chronic and refractory to other treatments, splenectomy, or surgical removal of the spleen, may be considered. Although the case study does not directly mention ITP, it is essential to note that various systemic inflammatory and immune responses, such as those indicated by the patient’s leukocytosis, can hint at underlying hematological conditions. The spleen is involved in the destruction of platelets in ITP; therefore, its removal can increase the platelet count in the blood and alleviate the symptoms (article Editorial, 2022).

Anemia and Different Kinds of Anemia

Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood, leading to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. In the context of the patient from the case study, while anemia is not directly mentioned, it’s worth noting that infections, especially chronic ones, can lead to conditions like anemia of chronic disease. There are various types of anemia:

Microcytic Anemia: Often caused by iron-deficiency, where the red blood cells are smaller than normal (e.g., Iron-deficiency anemia).

    Macrocytic Anemia: Where red blood cells are larger than usual, typically due to a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folate, leading to conditions like pernicious anemia or megaloblastic anemia (Yang et al., 2023).

Conclusion

Based on the presented scenario, the patient exhibits multiple symptoms indicative of an STD: foul-smelling vaginal discharge, LLQ pain, bilateral adenexal tenderness, and a positive result for clue cells and gram-negative diplococci. Such infections, especially gonorrhea, can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), further evidenced by the patient’s presentation of lower abdominal pain, fever, chills, and the chandelier sign. The high WBC count and C-reactive protein levels highlight the presence of an active infection.

The criticality of early diagnosis and treatment in such cases cannot be overstressed. Untreated STDs can escalate to PID, potentially resulting in long-term complications, including infertility. This case emphasizes the importance of being cognizant of the nuances in disease presentation. As healthcare professionals, understanding these variations is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning, ensuring the best possible outcomes for patients.

 

References

Anthony Kayiira, Daniel Zaake, Michael Webba Lwetabe, & Peter Sekweyama. (2019). Impact of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection on reproductive outcomes among infertile women undergoing tubal flushing: a retrospective cohort at a fertility centre in Uganda. Fertility Research and Practice, 5(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40738-019-0069-5

article Editorial. (2022). American Society of Hematology. 48th Annual meeting. Онкогематология, 2, 63–75. https://doi.org/10.17650/1818-8346-2007-0-2-63-75

Mendoza-Rodríguez, R., Hernández-Chico, I., Gutiérrez-Soto, B., Navarro-Marí, J. M., & Gutiérrez-Fernández, J. (2023). [Microbial etiology of bacterial chronic prostatitis: systematic review]. Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :Publicacion Oficial de La Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia, 36(2), 144–151. https://doi.org/10.37201/req/099.2022

Ogbonmwan, D., Hussey, J., & Gudipati, M. (2021). Time to re-evaluate the guidance on sexual infections in fertility services. Human Fertility, 24(4), 230–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/14647273.2020.1714086

Yang, J., Li, Q., Feng, Y., & Zeng, Y. (2023). Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: Potential Risk Factors in Bone Loss. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(8), 6891. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086891