NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design Sample -

NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design Sample

Sample Answer for NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design Sample Included After Question

When politics and medical science intersect, there can be much debate. Sometimes anecdotes or hearsay are misused as evidence to support a particular point. Despite these and other challenges, however, evidence-based approaches are increasingly used to inform health policy decision-making regarding causes of disease, intervention strategies, and issues impacting society. One example is the introduction of childhood vaccinations and the use of evidence-based arguments surrounding their safety.

In this Discussion, you will identify a recently proposed health policy and share your analysis of the evidence in support of this policy.

Resources

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

WEEKLY RESOURCES

To Prepare:

Review the Congress website provided in the Resources and identify one recent (within the past 5 years) proposed health policy.
Review the health policy you identified and reflect on the background and development of this health policy.

By Day 3 of Week 7

Post a description of the health policy you selected and a brief background for the problem or issue being addressed. Which social determinant most affects this policy? Explain whether you believe there is an evidence base to support the proposed policy and explain why. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 7

Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days by either supporting or respectfully challenging their explanation on whether there is an evidence base to support the proposed health policy they described.

*Note: Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design Sample

Title: NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design Sample

The Families First Coronavirus Response Act 2020 is a strategy for responding to an outbreak of coronavirus. It focuses on providing free coronavirus testing, paid sick leave, food assistance, and unemployment benefits in particular. Employers are required by the regulation to provide additional protection for clinical care professionals, such as personal respiratory protective devices. The bill seeks supplemental appropriations for the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in order to expand food assistance and nutrition programs. Specifically, the law provides for certain waivers for school lunch programs and increases the federal medical assistance percentage for Medicaid (FMAP). The legislation contributes to populace protection by strengthening emergency preparedness and public health education (Wyte-Lake et al., 2018). Effective implementation of this health policy will require careful coordination of clinical and social interventions throughout the pandemic.

Background of the Problem

The coronavirus epidemic has significant adverse effects on the global population. The respective governments ought to formulate and implement robust measures to promote disaster preparedness to counter the prevalence of infection. The Families First Coronavirus Response Act proposes a review of the national budget to increase allocations for the Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP), Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and nutrition assistance grants for U.S territories. The approach is in line with the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) for the revamping healthcare sector. In addition, it denotes the commitment of the government to build a strong health system to stop, detect, and contain the spread of illnesses (Gostin, 2017). Therefore, increasing the funding for basic healthcare amenities, screening, and testing for the viruses is in line with the World Health Organization (WHO) directives for ensuring a safer world. NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design

Evidence for the Policy

There is a lot of evidence to support the enactment of the Families First Coronavirus Response Act 2020. Primarily, governments across the world are initiating appropriate measures to ensure containment of the spread of the virus. Some of the key recommendations encompass proper hand hygiene, coughing and/or sneezing in your elbow, working from home, distant learning, social distancing, and staying at least six feet away from one another. However, there are critical implications on the supply of food, drugs, and testing kits. Besides, the federal policymakers are interested in preventing any possible economic downfall. The policy is handy in supporting corporate interventions like providing paid leave for workers and personal protective equipment.

The government has a fundamental responsibility for developing and maintaining healthcare infrastructure and service delivery. Nonetheless, there is always a conflict between public health objectives and industry interests (Collin et al., 2017). The legislators must strive to determine the mechanism to build consensus within and across the sectors of the economy. An integrated policy, such as the Families First Coronavirus Response Act 2020, will help achieve healthcare goals. Furthermore, the legislation will be essential in promoting a synchronized medical response to the virus. It shows the need for a holistic and joint collective approach to eradicating the risk factors for the complication, as well as guaranteeing public and private sector participation in the process. NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design

Families First Coronavirus Response Act 2020 is a government guideline to support the implementation of emergency interventions.

NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design Sample

The health policy covers the broad areas of healthcare financing and the provision of appropriate clinical services like screening and testing. Also, through the policy, the government proposes to offer subsidies for nutritional and food programs to ensure social distancing and self-quarantine. The policy plays an important role in the attainment of universal healthcare coverage and public safety. Furthermore, its proper enforcement will necessitate coordination of decision planning to accomplish the global and national health goals during this pandemic.

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References

Collin, J., Hill, S. E., Kandlik Eltanani, M., Plotnikova, E., Ralston, R., & Smith, K. E. (2017). Can public health reconcile profits and pandemics? An analysis of attitudes to commercial sector engagement in health policy and research. Plos One, 12(9), e0182612. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182612

Gostin, L. O. (2017). “America First”: Prospects for Global Health. The Milbank Quarterly, 95(2), 224–228. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12254

Wyte-Lake, T., Claver, M., Der-Martirosian, C., Davis, D., & Dobalian, A. (2018). Education of elderly patients about emergency preparedness by health care practitioners. American Journal of Public Heath, 108, S207–S208. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304608

A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design Sample

Title: NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design Sample

Without a doubt, COVID-19 has blurred the role in public health. On a daily basis, whether it is through watching television, listening to the radio, or scrolling though social media, we are educated by healthcare professionals, the president, the governor, etc. on how to contain this virus – social distancing, hand hygiene, staying 6 feet away from one another, at first wearing a mask if you had a cough, but now requiring individuals to wear a mask whenever in public, no visitations in healthcare settings, and coughing/sneezing in your elbow. Although these are all effective measures to take, there are still dilemmas in efforts to flatten the curve. This pandemic is demonstrating the consequences of underfunding public health. For example, delays in diagnostic testing and results, shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), and shortage of ventilators. As the federal government scrambles to rapidly boost the nation’s capacity to test for the novel coronavirus, cutting red tape and leaning on the speed and technology of the private sector, new delays are developing because of a shortage of raw materials and vital items: chemical solutions, swabs and even face masks for health-care workers (The Washington Post, 2020).

Not as if this is new news, but healthcare professionals are being asked to reuse surgical masks, N95s, surgical caps, etc. Furthermore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is recommending wearing cloth face coverings in public settings where other social distancing measures are difficult to maintain (e.g., grocery stores and pharmacies), especially in areas of significant community-based transmission (CDC, 2020). This is recommended for our public, in attempts to reserve N95s and surgical masks for healthcare professionals. I believe these measures are put into place, simply because there is a mass shortage of PPE. In addition, I have seen firsthand what delays in diagnostic testing results look like. Thankfully, we have rapid testing, in which individuals receive their results within 24 – 48 hours, but prior results took 5 – 7 days to come back. Unfortunately, some samples were lost, resulting in individuals needing to be re-swapped, contributing to spreading the virus to the community. NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Use of Cloth Face Coverings to Help Slow the Spread of COVID-19.

Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/diy-cloth-face-coverings.html

The Washington Post. (2020). Shortages of face masks, swabs and basic supplies pose a new challenge to coronavirus

testing. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2020/03/18/shortages-face-masks-

cotton-swabs-basic-supplies-pose-new-challenge-coronavirus-testing/

A Sample Answer 3 For the Assignment: NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design Sample

Title: NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design Sample

I noted that your health policy you have chosen was The Families First Coronavirus Response Act 2020. I found your chosen health policy interesting in reading seeing the public is in a current pandemic related to this novel virus as in the coronavirus. It was interesting to see what The Families First Coronavirus Response Act 2020 was focusing on. You stated in your paper that The Families First Coronavirus Response Act 2020 is a response strategy to the coronavirus outbreak, and its focus was on the provision of free coronavirus testing, paid sick leave, food assistance, and unemployment. I found it partially as in The Families First Coronavirus Response Act 2020 to be a bit biased.

There is so much about this virus that is unfolding before our eyes. We are learning more and each day something new about this virus (Coronavirus).

According to the Washington Post in the United States, the Coronavirus appears to be infecting and killing African Americans at a disproportionately high rate (Thebault, Ba William, 2020).). This emerging stark racial disparity led the Surgeon General to acknowledge in personal terms the increased risk for African Americans amid growing demands that the public-health officials release more data on the race of those who are sick, hospitalized and dying of a contagion that has killed more than 12,000 people in the United States (Thebault et al., 2020). NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design

It was stated in the Washing Post that the reason for African Americans being affected at a disproportionate rate had to with African Americans having higher rates of diabetes, heart disease, and lung disease are well documented, and noted by Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards that health problems make people more vulnerable to the new respiratory disease, but there has never has been a pandemic that brought the disparities so vividly into focus (Thebault et al., 2020).

Because of this crisis, the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law and hundreds of doctors joined a group of Democratic lawmakers, including Senators Elizabeth Warren (Mass.), Cory Booker (N.J), and Kamal D. Harris (Calif), in demanding the federal government to release daily race and ethnicity data on coronavirus testing, patients and their health outcomes, seeing that the data for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has only released figures by age and gender (Thebault et al., 2020).

The data being reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is only including age and gender and leaving out racial or ethnic data. I find this data to be disturbing and biased. Civil rights law prohibit federally funded health care providers from administering services in a discriminatory manner, said Kristen Clarke, president and executive director of the Lawyers’ Committee of Civil Rights Under Law, which joined with medical professionals to call for the immediate release of racial and ethnic data on coronavirus infections, testing, and deaths (Wambsgans, 2020)

According to the Washington Post article, 2020, even though some activists argued African Americans have been more exposed because many held low-wage or essential jobs, such as food service, public transit, and health care, that required African Americans to interact with the public, I find this to be a poor argument in that is still does not address data on race and ethnicity not being reported, as being left out of data for the Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

According to the Center for Disease and Prevention Control (CDC), guidelines in every state is legally required to track data on testing and treatment by race, as it has done during other outbreaks. Fewer than a dozen have released that data so far (Evelyn, 2020). According to what is being found, African Americans are particularly more vulnerable. According to Kristen Clarke president and executive director of the Lawyers’ Committee of Civil Rights, this is a social, economic and racial justice issue (Evelyn, 2020). NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design

I feel that the Families First Coronavirus Response Act 2020, needs to be re-assessed, in that health care officials need to consider different factors that should be included for this health care policy to be justifiable (unbiased).

REFERENCES

Reise Thebault, Andrew Ba Tran, & Vanessa Williams (2020). Washington Post. The coronavirus is infecting and killing black Americans at an alarmingly high rate. Retrieved April 09, 2020, from

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive

Jason E. Wambsgans (2020). National Broadcasting Company news. African Americans may be dying from COVID 19 at a higher rate. Better data is essential, experts say. Retrieved April 10, 2020, from

https://nbcnews.com

Kenya Evelyn (2020). The Guardian. It’s a racial justice issue: Black Americans are dying in greater numbers from COVID-19. Retrieved April 10, 2020, from

https://www.theguardian.com

A Sample Answer 4 For the Assignment: NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design Sample

Title: NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design Sample

The prevalence of burnout and stress among are healthcare professionals date way before the COVID-19 pandemic. The reality of the US health care environment before the arrival of COVID-19 was already concerning due to shortages of nurses, doctors, respiratory therapists, and other healthcare workers (Ross, 2020). Most healthcare providers are working very long hours with less staffing. The media focus at the beginning of the pandemic was mainly on the number of ventilators and hospital beds, and completely lacking in those discussions was the question of available qualified, healthy healthcare professionals to care for the rest of the population (Ross, 2020). According to Shah et al. (2021), the covid 19 pandemic worsened burnout by worsening the already existing healthcare worker shortages in facilities and hospitals. The lack of nurses and other healthcare providers put so much pressure on the remaining few professionals to shoulder all the responsibility of providing care. The Covid 19 pandemic exacerbated the burnout rates in the healthcare workforce to the extent of suicide for some (Kaine, 2021). This discussion will review a policy that can affect all of us directly or indirectly as healthcare providers, the Dr. Lorna Breen Health Care Provider Protection Act. The Dr. Lorna Breen Health Care Provider Protection Act addresses behavioral health and well-being among health care professionals (congrsss.gov, 2021). Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout have been studied throughout the nation, especially with the pandemic exacerbating the problem. (Kaine 2021).

Description of the health policy

The Dr. Lorna Breen Health Care Provider Protection Act was introduced in 2020 by Senator Kaine, who has been leading the talks on the mental health impact of the pandemic on health care workers (congesss.gov, 2021). This policy aims to provide the resources for healthcare providers to get the needed care now during the pandemic and in the future (Kaine 2021). The policy calls for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to award grants to hospitals, medical professional associations, and other healthcare facilities for programs to promote mental health and resiliency among health care professionals (congesss.gov, 2021). It is also calling for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to launch a campaign encouraging health care workers to seek support and treatment for mental and behavioral health concerns without consequence (Congress. Gov, 2021). As Kaine (2021) stated, the trauma that most healthcare workers are subjected to through the pandemic will leave lifelong emotional and physical damage. Thus, the need for setting this resource for the healthcare workers who risked their lives daily to save others. The grants from HHS are to provide relevant mental and behavioral health training of health care students, residents, or professionals with evidence-informed strategies to reduce and prevent suicide, burnout, mental health conditions, and substance use disorders (Kaine, 2021). In summary, the policy will focus on removing barriers to accessing care and treatment and identifying strategies to promote resiliency, thereby improving mental and behavioral health amongst healthcare providers (Congress.gov, 2021).

Evidence bases to support the proposed policy

The U.S. Senate Passage of the Dr. Lorna Breen Health Care Provider Protection Act has been praised by many organizations, including the American Medical Association (AMA), American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP), the American Hospital Association (AHA), the American Psychiatric Association (APA), American Nurses Association (ANA), and The Physicians Foundation (THE LEGISLATION, n.d.). American Nurses Association (ANA) (2021) applauded the timely and unanimous passage of the Dr. Lorna Breen Health Care Provider Protection Act by the United States Senate on August 6th, 2021. ANA (2021) states that this critical legislation will help reduce and prevent mental and behavioral health conditions, suicide, and burnout among health care professionals who continue to be overwhelmed by the COVID-19 response and recovery efforts. The bipartisan sponsorship of this policy is evidence base to support its proposal. Given the information above, this bill is a national plea for all healthcare workers to get the resources needed to manage mental health and burnout.

References

ANA Enterprise. (2021, August 11). ANA Applauds U.S. Senate Passage of the Dr. Lorna Breen

Health Care Provider Protection Act. https://www.nursingworld.org/news/news-releases/2021/ana-applauds-u.s.-senate-passage-of-the-dr.-lorna-breen-health-care-provider-protection-act/

Dr. Lorna Breen Health Care Provider Protection Act, S.610, 117th Cong. (2021-2022)

https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/610

Kaine, T. (2021, March 4). Kaine Leads Colleagues in Bipartisan, Bicameral Legislation to

Support Health Care Workers’ Mental Health amid COVID-19. United States Senator from Virginia. https://www.kaine.senate.gov/press-releases/kaine-leads-colleagues-in-bipartisan-bicameral-legislation-to-support-health-care-workers-mental-health-amid-covid-19

Ross, J. (2020). The Exacerbation of Burnout During COVID-19: A Major Concern for

Nurse Safety. Journal of Peri Anesthesia Nursing.

https://www.jopan.org/article/S1089-9472(20)30111-8/pdf

Shah, M.K., Gandrakota, N., Cimiotti, J.P., Ghose, N., Moore, M. & Ali, M.K. (2021, February 4).

Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Nurse Burnout in the US. JAMA.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36469.

THE LEGISLATION. (n.d.). The Dr. Lorna Breen Health Care Provider Protection Act.

A Sample Answer 5 For the Assignment: NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design Sample

Title: NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design Sample

I like your post and topic you choose. I also agree with this policy of access to abortion for women who doesn’t want to continue the pregnancy. Afterall it should be womens’ s decision to carry pregnancy or not as long as it doesn’t harm their health. As NNEDV President Vagins (2022, July 15) states that “Abortion services are essential healthcare and having equal access—for all people, everywhere—is vital to their social and economic participation, reproductive autonomy, and right to determine their own lives”. When pragnacy is result of domestic violence, sexual abuse or rape it shpuld be women’s decision to continue pregnancy or not. When a woman is already under mental trauma it might not possible to continue a healthy pregnacy or healthy baby. Also, chomosomal dosorder or genetic disorders in eraly pregnancy detection effets women’s decision for pregnacy continuation that effects child’s helath in future too.

I agree that social determinnats of freedom and reproductive health is going to effect with this policy. I would also like to add couple more social determints that is going to affect. According to Ravi (2018) , maternal and infant morbidity and mortality rate greatly effeted by the restructions of abortion choice. Ravi (2018) states that “The ability to choose if, when, and how to give birth is linked to women’s economic success, educational attainment, and general health and well-being” . For exapmple South Carolina has 14 restriction in regard to abortion, “mortality rate had intreased to 300% in 2015” (Ravi, 2018). Besides that racism also a contributing determinant as African- American has limited access to abortion or helath care access. Policy may bring equality to access.

In support of this policy, I think this policy will help in getting equal care of access and abortion to all and will reduce mortality and morbidity rate of mother. Also gives freedom to decision gretaly impacts reproductive health.

Refernces

Ravi, A. (2018, Jun13). Limiting abortion access contribute to poor maternal helath outcomes. CAP. Retreived Oct 12, 2022 from https://www.americanprogress.org/article/limiting-abortion-access-contributes-poor-maternal-health-outcomes/

Vagins, D. J. (2022, July 15). NNEDV reacts to house passage of abortion access bills. Retreived Oct 12, 2022 form https://nnedv.org/latest_update/nnedv-reacts-to-house-passage-of-abortion-access-bills/

A Sample Answer 6 For the Assignment: NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design Sample

Title: NURS 6050 Discussion 1 Evidence Base in Design Sample

Policies aimed at reducing maternal mortality rates seek to improve the health and well-being of pregnant women and new mothers. I believe that implementing these policies will result in a significant decrease in maternal deaths.

Some typical policy measures to address maternal mortality rate include:

Access to quality healthcare: Policies ensure that pregnant women have access to comprehensive healthcare services, including prenatal care, skilled birth attendants, emergency obstetric care, and postnatal care. This may involve improving healthcare infrastructure, training healthcare professionals, and financially supporting pregnant women.

Family planning and reproductive health services: Policies aim to promote family planning and provide reproductive health services to women, enabling them to plan and space their pregnancies and have access to contraception. This helps to reduce the number of high-risk pregnancies and prevent unintended pregnancies.

Education and awareness: Policies focus on public awareness campaigns and educational programs to increase knowledge about reproductive health, maternal care, and the importance of seeking timely and appropriate healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth. This may involve targeting women and healthcare providers to improve awareness and knowledge about maternal health.

Addressing social determinants of health: Policies recognize that socioeconomic factors, such as poverty, lack of education, gender inequality, and inadequate access to clean water and sanitation, contribute to maternal mortality. Strategies may include poverty reduction programs, improving girls’ education, promoting gender equity, and improving access to basic amenities.

Data collection and monitoring: Policies emphasize the importance of collecting accurate and timely data on maternal mortality to identify trends, risk factors, and areas for improvement. This data helps policymakers target interventions effectively, evaluate the impact of policies, and make evidence-based decisions.

In conclusion, Maternal mortality rate policies aim to improve healthcare access, promote reproductive health, address social determinants, increase awareness, and strengthen healthcare systems to prevent maternal deaths and improve maternal health outcomes.

Deehy, K., Kallio, J., Hoger, F. S., Klumpyan, K., Sell, K., & Yee, L. (2010). Participant-centered Education: Building a New Model for WIC Nutrition Education. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2010.03.154

(2008). Strategies for Change: Breaking Barriers to HIV Prevention, Treatment, and Care for Women. https://core.ac.uk/download/71348588.pdf

Why Maternal Mental Health is Everybody’s Business – and What We Can Do About It. https://www.umassmed.edu/lifeline4moms/blog/blog-posts/2019/05/why-maternal-mental-health-is-everybodys-business–and-what-we-can-do-about-it/

Annual Report 2021 – Nurse-Family Partnership. https://www.nursefamilypartnership.org/about/annual-report-2021/