NURS 6050 Assignment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement Sample
Sample Answer for NURS 6050 Assignment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement Sample Included After Question
If you talk about a possible poor health outcome, do you believe that outcome will occur? Do you believe eye contact and personal contact should be avoided?
You would have a difficult time practicing as a nurse if you believed these to be true. But they are very real beliefs in some cultures.
Differences in cultural beliefs, subcultures, religion, ethnic customs, dietary customs, language, and a host of other factors contribute to the complex environment that surrounds global healthcare issues. Failure to understand and account for these differences can create a gulf between practitioners and the public they serve.
In this Assignment, you will examine a global health issue and consider the approach to this issue by the United States and by one other country.
To Prepare:
- Review the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global health agenda and select one global health issue to focus on for this Assignment.
- Select at least one additional country to compare to the U.S. for this Assignment.
- Reflect on how the global health issue you selected is approached in the U.S. and in the additional country you selected.
- Review and download the Global Health Comparison Matrix provided in the Resources.
The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Global Health Comparison Matrix; 1-page Plan for Social Change)
Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix
Focusing on the country you selected and the U.S., complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix. Be sure to address the following:
- Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study.
- Explain the strengths and weaknesses of each policy.
- Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the global health issue you selected. Be specific and provide examples.
- Using the WHO’s Organization’s global health agenda as well as the results of your own research, analyze how each country’s government addresses cost, quality, and access to the global health issue selected.
- Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the health of the global population. Be specific and provide examples.
- Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the role of the nurse in each country.
- Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. Be specific and provide examples.
Part 2: A Plan for Social Change
Reflect on the global health policy comparison and analysis you conducted in Part 1 of the Assignment and the impact that global health issues may have on the world, the U.S., your community, as well as your practice as a nurse leader.
In a 1-page response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
- Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
- Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
- Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples
By Day 5 of Week 11
Submit Part 1 and Part 2 of your Assignment.
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A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NURS 6050 Assignment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement Sample
Title: NURS 6050 Assignment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement Sample
The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies different issues that affect people’s health, including resistance to drugs, and antimicrobial resistance. According to the WHO, antimicrobial resistance has negative effects on the global efforts to end certain diseases, especially infectious and chronic conditions (World Health Organization, 2023). Different countries, including the United States and Canada, have developed policies to address antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this comparison matrix and narrative statement is to explore the issue and advocate interventions through social change to prevent its occurrence.
Part 1
| Global Healthcare Issue | Antimicrobial Resistance | |
| Description | The development of antibiotics, antiviral medications, and antimalarial drugs is considered a critical success in improving health among populations in different parts of the world. However, antimicrobial resistance is a threat to the successes aimed at reducing and preventing diseases like salmonellosis, tuberculosis, and pneumonia among others (American Society for Microbiology, 2023). The inability to have effective interventions for these conditions presents a threat to patients suffering from these diseases and even surgical processes. | |
| Country | United States
|
Canada |
| Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue | The U.S. has a federal policy focused on three aspects of antimicrobial resistance. These include tracking for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, increasing the life of current antibiotics, and improving the discovery and development of new antibiotic strains and interventions (CDC, 2023). | The policy in Canada focuses on increasing awareness about antimicrobial resistance, its impacts, and associated ailments. The policy also identifies populations and individuals at most risk and offers resources for different activities like research, surveillance, and occurrence in animals.
Government of Canada, 2023) |
| What are the strengths of this policy? | The policy’s strengths include a proactive approach, partnerships with other players, investing in research to develop new antimicrobials, increasing understanding among the population, and better surveillance CDC, 2023). | Like the U.S., policy, the Canadian policy is proactive, values collaboration and partnership with all stakeholders, and enhances understanding of the issue through surveillance, research, and education (Canadian government, 2023). |
| What are the weaknesses of this policy? | The policy relies on government funding and is rigid, with changes being limited since antimicrobials remain largely the same. | Conversely, the policy depends mainly on federal funding, has limited scope, and requires an expanded approach to the issue. |
| Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples) | Social determinants of health impact the issue in different ways. Access to healthcare improves knowledge levels on antimicrobial resistance and effective or proper use. Socioeconomic status dictates whether individuals and health populations can access services and reduce the chances of developing resistance. | Social determinants of health impact the issue as they influence access to health care and consumption of information. Education improves awareness and approach to antibiotic resistance.
|
| How has each country’s government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue? | The policy mandates the federal government to provide different interventions like prevention, treatment, and enforcement. Through these aspects, individuals can access quality care and reduce costs since the government provides resources in different areas of the interventions (CDC, 2021). | The Canadian government funds all activities focused on antimicrobial resistance, from prevention to treatment and enforcement. Through these activities, the public enhances its information and ways to reduce resistance.
|
| How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples) | The policy means that more people across the world can prevent antimicrobial resistance and attain better health. The policy means that chances of increased resistance to antibiotics reduce as the population gets information on preventive approaches and measures. | The policy means that there will be a reduction in the prevalence of individuals encountering antimicrobial resistance because of the decrease in Canada. It also enhances access to quality care, starting with the provision of information. |
| Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurses in each country. | The policy enhances nurses’ role in providing information to at-risk individuals. The nurse can also enhance surveillance and patient education activities to improve awareness.
|
The policy means that nurses should actively engage in patient education, contribute to surveillance of the condition, and offer patient education to enhance awareness.
|
| Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples) | Drug resistance impacts local healthcare organizations through increased cost of care and reduced productivity of the population, especially those affected by chronic conditions requiring medications (WHO, 2023). For instance, the cost of managing drug-resistant infections is high. Secondly, people take time to recover and become productive again. | Global health issues like antimicrobial resistance impact local healthcare organizations as they increase the cost of care through more resource allocation (WHO, 2023). For instance, dealing with antibiotic resistance requires more resources for research and other interventions to reduce the prevalence.
|
| General Notes/Comments | The policy uses a generalized approach to antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, the federal government and its agencies should consider improving these aspects to improve impacts on the target population. | The policy is general and should be reviewed to ensure that it gives specific approaches to reducing antimicrobial resistance among those affected.
|
Part 2
Antimicrobial resistance remains a critical issue as advanced by the World Health Organization (WHO). The policies developed by both the U.S. and Canadian governments are largely reactive and general. They focus more on surveillance and developing new medications to counter those resistant to treatment. However, these policies ignore that antimicrobials are prescribed and used daily for the conditions leading to their resistance. A global perspective or lens into local practice and understanding the role of a nurse leader in this situation are necessary to increase information and awareness. Having a global perspective in local practice will allow nurses to understand the magnitude of the issue and its effects on health populations (WHO, 2023). I will advocate for this perspective in local practice by encouraging nurses to expand their perceptions and imaginations. Nurse leaders should have a vision of improving interventions to reduce antimicrobial resistance as they can get patients from different parts of the world for treatment due to the condition.
The integration of a global perspective into local practice for nurse leaders presents and contributes to social change in different ways. Firstly, it improves understanding of the health issue from a global level, especially in population health. Secondly, it means that nurse leaders should widen their imagination and integrate a global approach to healthcare issues affecting their workplace and employees. They should influence policy-making and implementation through effective collaboration with all stakeholders (CDC, 2023). For instance, patient profiling ensures that they get culturally competent care, especially those with antimicrobial resistance problems. Nurses can leverage information resources to develop drug resistance strategies for different health populations.
Conclusion
The policies by Canada and the United States on antimicrobial resistance are founded on evidence-based practice (EBP) and take a proactive approach. However, they should be more realistic and practical by expanding the role of nurses in information and awareness through patient education. The two countries advance the current policies to reduce the cost of care and enhance quality of life.
References
American Society for Microbiology (2023). Policy pathways to combat the global crisis of antimicrobial resistance.
https://asm.org/getmedia/5f665383-881a-493d-ae05-04a960a25548/AMR-Policy-Paper-2023.pdf
Canada Government (2023 June). Antibiotic (antimicrobial) resistance.
https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/antibiotic-antimicrobial-resistance.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2021 November 23). Antimicrobial resistance: U.S. National Action
Plan. https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/us-activities/national-action-plan.html
Government of Canada (2023). Pan-Canadian action plan on antimicrobial resistance.
World Health Organization (WHO) (2023 November 21). Antimicrobial resistance.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance
A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: NURS 6050 Assignment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement Sample
Title: NURS 6050 Assignment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement Sample
Human trafficking in all of its manifestations is a global health issue. It is one of the most heinous crimes committed in the country, having influenced and eroded the integrity of millions of people worldwide. Every day, traffickers deceive women, men, and children from all over the world and coerce them into manipulation (Zimmerman & Kiss, 2017). The United States trafficking in offenders defends itself against the United Kingdom’s Modern Slavery Act 2015, which aims to investigate and punish contemporary slavery and sex trafficking.
United States of America
Kingdom of the United
Describe each country’s policy in relation to the identified healthcare issue.
The “Trafficking Victims Protection Act” of 2000 mandated that the United States Organization identify and assist victims of human trafficking. Individuals who have been trafficked face numerous physical, mental, and emotional safety concerns. Many of these women are physically abused and also drugged in order to be coerced into human trafficking. This program aims to address this issue and ensure that they are not victimized by human trafficking.
The Modern Slavery Act 2015 is the result of the Wales and England Modern Slavery Policy 2014, which addresses contemporary slavery. The Strategy established four Ps for pursuing, protecting, planning for, and preventing human rights violators (Kiss et al., 2015).
What are the policy’s strengths?
Through defense, prevention, and compliance, the policy has been successful (Powell, Dickins, & Stoklosa, 2017). The Act has an effective enforcement strategy, as law enforcement is diligent in combating human trafficking. Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement Sample for NURS 6050 Assignment
Numerous businesses take on the task of combating modern slavery. Increased collaboration between the state, the private sector, and non-governmental organizations.
What are the policy’s flaws?
Inadequate funding, gaps within federal and state laws, and a lack of general awareness on trafficking in human capital hinder the enforcement of the program.
Limited knowledge of insufficient knowledge. Insufficient prevention and disciplinary measures to cope with trade in human beings (Sweileh, 2018).
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)
In human trafficking, gender is the biggest social determinant as women are the primary health victims. Many women are exploited and violated sexually. NURS 6050 Assignment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement Sample
Age is a social determinant of human trafficking in the United Kingdom. In the majority of cases, child trafficking is prevalent in the world.
How has each country’s government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?
The government also developed a program to support survivors of some type of trafficking in human beings through the Office on Trafficking in Persons through collaborations and local responses.
Government’s interventions to prevent modern slavery from raising the consequences of long-term survivor abuse (O’Brien, 2018).
How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)
Assistance is offered to victims of trafficking, and non-immigrant status is developed for victims of trafficking, such as to guarantee the apprehension of criminals and safety for convicted victims of trafficking.
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Improved compliance has been achieved; for instance, public safety has been able to address the demands and conscientiousness of survivors; perpetrators, for instance, become conscious of sexual abuse. NURS 6050 Assignment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement Sample
Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of the nurse in each country.
Expert assessment and survivor assessments established the forum for nurses’ plans to recognize victims of human trafficking (Ikeora, 2017). The interaction with victims has grown in professionalism.
The Act has created knowledge and understanding of human trafficking issues; for example, nurses can recognize people who are perpetrators of the trade of human beings with benefits.
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)
Many problems of global health can affect the health of the United States directly or indirectly. Foodborne or infected medications or other things, the outbreaks of infectious disease not only occur country by country but often have a detrimental effect on commerce and travel.
A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: NURS 6050 Assignment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement Sample
Title: NURS 6050 Assignment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement Sample
In this nation, local and foreign NGOs have shown significant creativity and have a strong impact on civil society (Ikeora, 2017). The experiences from this kind of interaction are always better conveyed through stories and imagination rather than strictly through statistical measurements (Kiss et al., 2015).
Part B: Plan for Social Change
The role of nurses should be given priority in resolving the global health problem of human trafficking. Nurses have direct communication between children and women who are victims of this global issue. Consequently, their intervention is extremely important to establish a plan to cope with human trafficking health issues (McCarthy & Marshall, 2018). As a nurse leader, I would like to encourage the implementation of strategies intended to tackle health issues generated by human trafficking.
Additionally, it is my role as a nurse leader to advocate for change and solid organization to forestall human trafficking. I will step up in preparing and making mindfulness on health issues of human trafficking to guarantee everybody knows, and the government makes a quick move. Prompt activity implies convincing law requirement to assume their leader in capturing and prosecuting criminals engaged with human trafficking to forestall the ill. Like this, through information and awareness, individuals will be moved and will be cautious in making the prompt move to stop human trafficking.
Finally, I would advocate for the incorporation of global ideas in local nursing to affect initiatives to secure and handle trafficked persons. The WHO calls upon all to fight sex trafficking; healthy coexistence and security are a big challenge to humanity (McCarthy & Marshall, 2018). Consequently, I will ensure that all nurses are protected and respond swiftly to help address this global human trafficking health issue. Besides, this will include the provision of care and recuperation intervention, for example, directing for victims. With everything taken into account, the global practice will be at the center of local practice in this way, executing the requirement for change intending to human trafficking issues.
References
Ikeora, M. (2017). Bilateral Cooperation and Human Trafficking: Eradicating Modern Slavery between the United Kingdom and Nigeria. Springer.
Kiss, L., Pocock, N. S., Naisanguansri, V., Suos, S., Dickson, B., Thuy, D., . . . Sirisup, K. (2015). Health of men, women, and children in post-trafficking services in Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam: an observational cross-sectional study. The Lancet Global Health, 3, e154-e161. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(15)70016-1
McCarthy, C., & Marshall, J. (2018). The Role of the Nurse Leader in Battling Human Trafficking in Rural Hospitals in Texas. Nurse Leader, 16(6), 375-378. doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2018.07.013
O’Brien, E. (2018). Challenging the Human Trafficking Narrative: Victims, Villains, and Heroes. Routledge.
Powell, C., Dickins, K., & Stoklosa, H. (2017). Training US health care professionals on human trafficking: where do we go from here? Medical Education Online(1). doi:10.1080/10872981.2017.1267980
Sweileh, W. M. (2018). Research trends on human trafficking: a bibliometric analysis using Scopus database. Globalization and Health, 14(106). doi:10.1186/s12992-018-0427-9
Zimmerman, C., & Kiss, L. (2017). Human trafficking and exploitation: A global health concern. PLoS Medicine, 14(11), 1-11. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002437
A Sample Answer 3 For the Assignment: NURS 6050 Assignment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement Sample
Title: NURS 6050 Assignment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement Sample
The emergence of coronavirus disease of 2019 and the subsequent declaration by the World Health Organization as a public health concern caused a lot of panic, anxiety and restrictive practices and measures to control its spread and lethal effects. Over 300 million people have been infected by the virus so far with over 4.5 million dead. The U.S. leads in the number of deaths and infections. Efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic include vaccination of at high risk populations and individuals (WHO, 2021). Many countries, including the United States, do not have vaccine policies and this has affected intake of the jabs that were rolled out nearly a year ago. The purpose of this comparison matrix is to evaluate vaccination policies in the United States and Mexico, especially in relation to COVID-19 as recommended by the World Health Organization for countries to get a herd immunity and stop and prevent the spreads.
| Global Healthcare Issue |
Immunization/ Vaccination for COVID-19 |
|
| Description | The international or global perspective on vaccines and immunization has always differed from one nation to another. The World Health Organization has always encouraged and implored its member states to embrace vaccines and immunizations as means of preventing infectious diseases and reducing their adverse effects if contracted. Vaccination for COVID-19 remains a global issue as the world focuses on stopping the spread of the infectious disease first detected in a wet Chinese market. | |
| Country | United States
|
Mexico |
| Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue | While no federal policy exists on vaccinations in the country, with each state having its own requirements for children getting into public schools, the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated several mandates at all levels of government (CMS, 2021). Policies by the federal government include latest revised ones requiring employees to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 disease. | In Mexico, no mandatory COVID-19 vaccine policies exist but efforts focus on ensuring that more individuals get the jab. Like the U.S. the country has no vaccine policies, except for children enrolling in schools. |
| What are the strengths of this policy? | All states allow exemptions from vaccines on medical grounds while 45 allow on religious reasons. Another 15 states exempt people from vaccines on philosophical or personal beliefs. Subsequently, the rollout of COVID-19 jab also follows these guidelines with some states relaxing vaccination mandates and requirements (CMS, 2021). | Mexico allows exemption from vaccination on religious and medical grounds. However, personal reasons cannot enable one to get exemption from vaccination (Jimenez & Gandy, 2021). The country’s efforts to vaccine against COVID-19 follows these trends as it is not mandatory. |
| What are the weaknesses of this policy? | Individuals and parents continue to express concerns about the number of vaccines that one should get apart from the COVID-19 jabs. The safety of these vaccines remains an issue of concern (The White House, 2021b). The population requires effective education to understand the impact of the vaccines. | Vaccine-preventable diseases account for significant mortality and morbidity in developing nations like Mexico. The enforcement of increased vaccination against infectious diseases and even COVID-19 remains a challenge due to funding and infrastructural challenges (2020). |
| Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples) | Social determinants of health impact routine immunization for children; especially among lo-income populations. For instance too reduce mortality and morbidity associated with vaccinations, the needs of different populations must be met, especially access to better living conditions and information. | Immunization obstacles reduce the rates of vaccination. For instance, lack of awareness on the importance of COVID-19 jab and other vaccines can impact herd immunity. |
| How has each country’ government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue? | The U.S. continues to address cost, quality and access through policies like the Affordable Care Act and using legislations as well as executive orders by the Biden administration (The White House, 2021). These include vaccine mandates to enhance the rate of vaccination against CIOVID-19.
|
Mexico experiences funding challenges making it difficult for health populations to access vaccines on time. For instance, most of its COVID-19 vaccines are donated by nations like the U.S. and the World Health Organization under the COVAX facility (WHO, 2020). |
| How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples) | The existing policies on vaccination in the U.S. impacts global population’s health as they ensure that as many Americans as possible get vaccines, especially the COVID-19 vaccines.
|
Exemptions impacts the ability of the world to ensure that all eligible persons get vaccinated to control the spread of COVID-19 disease (Jimenez & Gandy, 2021). |
| Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country. | Policies on vaccinations and immunizations impact the role of nurses in the U.S. as they are health promoters and educators (Corless et al., 2018). As primary care providers, they offer education and interact with patients to encourage them to take vaccines. | Low rates of vaccinated individuals, especially against COVID-19, exposes nurses to life threatening diseases that affect their ability to offer quality care interventions (Jimenez & Gandy, 2021). Because of these challenges, they cannot execute their roles well and meet care needs. |
| Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples) | The issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies as it implores providers to get training on management of COVID-19 and its effects on patients (The White House, 2021). Training on public health emergencies is essential to address increased rates of infection.
|
Global health issues like pandemics and epidemics affect local health organizations and policies in Mexico by requiring the government to develop responsive policies to encounter adverse effects of infectious diseases and protect its population while providing high quality care. |
| General Notes/Comments | The U.S. response to the COVID-19 pandemic and need to vaccinate its population demonstrate efforts to tackle global health care issues (The White House, 2021b). The existing policies on vaccination should be altered to help the country and its population prepare for and tackle any future health emergencies. | Mexico continues to make efforts to access vaccines and offer to its population despite limited resources (Jimenez & Gandy, 2021). The vaccination policies in the country illustrate the need for a global approach to diseases by leveraging existing local resources. |
Part 2: A Plan for Social Change
Social change is a deliberate process focused on the creation and application of ideas, and actions to promote the development of communities. Nurse leaders have a critical advocacy role for their patients and colleagues. As a nurse leader, having a global perspective is essential as it allows to advocate for patient’s education and awareness about COVID-19 jab and other critical vaccines, especially for children (Milstead & Short, 2019). Many Americans decline to take vaccines for different reasons due to the diversity that exists. However, a majority do not have sufficient education and awareness about the positive effects of vaccines and the protection that they offer. When patients have sufficient information on vaccines, they can make better and informed choices and decisions.
The incorporation of a global perspective impacts my local practice and role as a nurse leader as it implores one to work collaboratively with other in development of interventions to reduce exposure to infectious diseases. As a nurse leader, one must prioritize education and awareness among peers and the general population to minimize exposure and its adverse effects. The policy encourages nurse leaders to educate their communities so that they accept vaccines.
Further, the incorporation of global lens into local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change by imploring me to develop interventions that leverage the existing resources and tackles inequalities that hinder uptake of vaccines (Milstead & Short, 2019). The incorporation also means that I should develop effective interventions to minimize exposure among healthcare workers in various settings. The need for vaccines is important in the current dispensation as one must consider the effects of exposure to emerging infectious diseases that require effective control because of their adverse effects on populations.
Conclusion
COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need to have active vaccine policies targeted at different health populations and individuals. Vaccine exempt policies make health populations vulnerable to adverse effects of emerging infectious diseases like the coronavirus disease. Therefore, the analysis based on this comparison implores healthcare providers like nurses to focus on effective interventions to reduce exposure and apply a global lens in their nursing practice.
References
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) (2021). COVID-19. https://www.cms.gov/covidvax-provider
Corless, I. B., Nardi, D., Milstead, J. A., Larson, E., Nokes, K. M., Orsega, S., … & Woith, W. (2018). Expanding nursing’s
role in responding to global pandemics 5/14/2018. Nursing outlook, 66(4), 412-415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.06.003
Jimenez, S. K. & Gandy, A. (2021). Infographic | Mexico’s Vaccine Supply and Distribution Efforts.
https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/infographic-mexicos-vaccine-supply-and-distribution-efforts
The White House (2021 November 4). Fact Sheet: Biden Administration Announces Details of Two Major Vaccination
The White House (2021b September 9). Executive Order on Requiring Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination for Federal
World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett
Learning.
A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NURS 6050 Assignment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement Sample
Title: NURS 6050 Assignment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement Sample
Access to high quality care is the key! One of the strategies of the current president is to achieve universal coverage which will help provide more people with substance use disorders with the care they need. We all know that people with substance use disorders have faced stigma and other barriers inside and outside of health care and addiction services (The White House, n.d). The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) is essential to integrating treatment for substance use disorder into mainstream health care and improving the quality of care.
According to the current regime, education on preventing youth substance use, including the use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs, is essential to young people’s healthy growth and development. Delaying use until after adolescence also decreases the likelihood of developing a substance use disorder (The White House, n.d).
Multiple stressors during the pandemic – isolation, sickness, grief, job loss, food instability and loss of routines – have devastated many Americans and presented unprecedented challenges for behavioral health providers across the nation. In view of this, The Biden administration has increased federal funding to address the opioid crisis. In March 2021, the Biden-Harris Administration announced that the American Rescue Plan would include $4 billion to enable the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) to expand vital behavioral health services, sustain the use of telehealth, reduce inequities, and even offer mental health services (Le & Rosen, 2021).
While the legislative response is primarily non-punitive, most opioid-specific policy does not explicitly address the intersection of opioid misuse and addiction with salient social factors such as economic disinvestment and social isolation (Bowen & Irish, 2019).
When being presented with the topic of discussion for this week, my mind, as I’m sure most of ours, immediately wandered to the subject of debate related to the pandemic and the vaccine mandate that seems to be the black cloud, in not only the healthcare setting but now intruding into all employers’ policies as well. The enforcement of this mandate has been a matter of contention our current president has prioritized in his agenda. This pandemic just so happened to take over during an election year, so we were fortunate to see how two separate presidents prioritized the specifics of their agendas related to the same pandemic.
According to Keith Kellogg in his book War By Other Means: A General In The Trump White House, he discusses some of the accomplishments of our former president during his time in office. “On March 13,2020, President Trump declared COVID-19 a national emergency…Vice President Pence worked with companies like 3M to dramatically increase production of N-95 medical masks. He worked with diagnostic lab companies to ramp up testing.” (Kellogg, 2021) Kellogg (2021) tells us about President Trump working with FedEx and UPS air assets in order to ensure the American healthcare workers had the appropriate personal protective equipment and ensuring there wouldn’t be a delay in receiving sed equipment due to the travel ban that was implemented as well. He sent in reinforcements to New York and California by sending the U.S. Navy hospital ships to assist with patient care. He developed Operation Warp Speed by gathering teams of experts to manufacture a vaccine that could be developed and distributed. President Trump’s goal was to “make the system work better and faster than it had ever worked before.” (Kellogg, 2021) Kellogg (2021), being the former National Security Advisor under the Trump and Pence Administration, ensures his audience that President Trump stretched all resources in order to fulfill his directive to do everything possible to protect the American people from harm.
Our current President, Joe Biden, is approaching the pandemic in a different view. As soon has Biden took office he worked actively to open America’s southern border, which has resulted in over 1.4 million illegal border crossings. (GOP Staff, 2021) With each illegal crossing, there has not been a since effort to mandate the vaccine for those individuals. Biden’s speech in September 2021 discusses this being a “pandemic of the unvaccinated.” (Biden, 2021) He states there being a “25% minority that is not vaccinated” (Biden, 2021) and emphasizes that they are the cause of the losing battle against COVID-19 and his duty is to “protect the vaccinated.” (Biden, 2021) Which then leads him to discuss his next step in plan of action, being that all employers with more than 100 employees must require the vaccine. He states he is aware that this mandate will affect about two thirds of all workers, and he has no regard to that fact. Biden expects the American people to “trust the science” but still refuses to be transparent about not mandating the vaccine for certain groups, the possible long term affects and the devastating adverse reactions we are now being inundated with in the hospital setting. Biden discusses the pandemic issues by using scare tactics and totalitarianism approaches, hence why OSHA has now placed a hold on Biden’s mandate due to it being unconstitutional.
According to Health Policy and Politics, the definition of “policy is a consciously chosen course of action: a law, regulation, rule, procedure, administrative action, incentive, or voluntary practice of governments and other institutions.” (Milstead & Short, 2019) As nurses, we can make a difference at this level by “identifying a problem and being part of the solution.” (Milstead & Short, 2019) We, as healthcare workers, practice autonomy by allowing our patients to have and to practice their patient’s rights. We must accept our patient’s choices for what they feel is right for their body, regardless of what the popular opinion may be. In the same, the U.S. congressional members and senators must respect and accept the choices of those who decide the vaccine may not be the best choice for their body or their children’s body. I do not feel the mandate is an appropriate way to handle this pandemic. There has been evidence showing Florida reaching the lowest case rate in the nation as a result of Governor DeSantis’ leadership and our data-driven approach free of mandates or lockdowns (Florida Executive Office Staff, 2021). State Surgeon General Dr. Joseph Ladapo (2021) also discusses the success in Governor DeSantis’ innovative approach and states, “moving forward, we must continue focusing on data and evidence to make public health decisions and not allow such decisions to be politicized.” I believe in natural immunity and personal choice. Therefore, I would not allow a government overreach and enforce a vaccine mandate to all, especially before long-term studies have been published. I would allow resources to be available, such as DeSantis’ approach, and focus on the data and evidence that has proved it’s efficacy.
Nurses advocate for nurses and patients by participating in policy-making processes, with evaluation being crucial for determining policy implementation (Milstead & Short, 2019). Working with political officials, engaging in nursing and healthcare organizations, and participating in policy creation and program assessment are all options for APRNs (Milstead & Short, 2019). Participating in nursing groups and working with political officials provides nurses a platform for advocacy and the ability to impact evaluation and policy. APRNs may collect suggestions for policy formulation, reform, and assessments and offer first-hand knowledge of problems (Milstead & Short, 2019).
Evaluation of Topic
Smoking causes adverse health outcomes for people and enormous costs to our healthcare system. Related smoking-related diseases are reproductive, cardiovascular, respiratory, and several types of cancer (Adam, 2020). The healthcare program that the writer found interesting was the Smoking Cessation program. Nicotine replacement therapy is a popular and effective smoking cessation aid designed to help individuals (Greenhalgh et al., 2022). Quitting smoking lessens the financial toll on smokers individually, in healthcare systems, and in society (Adam, 2020).
Description of the Evaluation
The US has made significant public health achievements in reducing cigarette smoking, with evidence-based initiatives preventing 8 million deaths and an all-time low of 14% in adult smoking (Adam, 2020). 70% of smokers want to quit, with higher rates among certain groups and individuals with mental health disorders (Adam, 2020). Smoking rates are higher among LGBTQ+ individuals, Alaska Natives, and American Indians (Adam, 2020). According to recent data, the adult cigarette smoking rate in the US has reached a record low of 14%. Despite significant population disparities, 34 million US adults still smoke cigarettes. In addition, 16 million adults in the US currently suffer from a disease linked to smoking (Adam, 2020). Based on Healthy People 2030 (n.d.), there are now 20 states that have increased Medicaid coverage of evidence-based therapies to support tobacco-free living. We are making progress but nowhere near a smoke-free society.
Impact of Social Determinants
Social determinants are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, and they encompass various factors that influence health outcomes, including smoking behaviors. Some critical social determinants can impact smoking cessation: social and economic status, Higher education improves health literacy, enabling a better understanding of smoking risks and benefits, education level, access to health care, social support, work environment, culture norms, and stress coping strategy. Lower socioeconomic status is linked to higher smoking rates and less successful cessation, with financial constraints limiting access to resources and higher stress levels making quitting more challenging. Higher education improves health literacy, enabling a better understanding of smoking risks and benefits.
Conclusion
Smoking is a leading cause of preventable diseases and premature death worldwide (UEA Digital Repository, n.d.). Smoking cessation programs help individuals quit smoking, reducing their risk of developing tobacco-related illnesses such as lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory disorders. By improving individual health outcomes, these programs also contribute to better overall public health. Tobacco-related diseases place a substantial financial burden on healthcare systems. By helping people quit smoking, cessation programs can lead to significant cost savings by preventing the need for expensive medical treatments and hospitalizations related to smoking-related illnesses.