NHS-FP4000 Unit 2 Assignment: Applying Research Skills

NHS-FP4000 Unit 2 Assignment: Applying Research Skills

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NHS-FP4000 Unit 2 Assignment: Applying Research Skills

Title: NHS-FP4000 Unit 2 Assignment: Applying Research Skills

NHS-FP4000 Unit 2 Assignment  Applying Research Skills

A medication error is defined as any mistake that occurs during the medication process. Medication errors are common and frequently the cause of patient mortality and morbidity. It is critical to reduce medication errors in order to provide safe and high-quality healthcare. Medication errors are a leading cause of injury and death in the United States among people of all ages. It is estimated that at least 1.5 million medication errors occur in the United States each year, or 171 every hour. Unintentional therapeutic errors are defined by the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) as any unintentional deviation from a proper therapeutic regimen that results in the wrong dose, incorrect route of administration, administration to the wrong person, or administration of the wrong medication. Today, most of the published research on medication errors has focused on exposures that occur in hospitals; however, this concern is not limited to health care facilities. Although few previous studies have examined non-health care facility medication errors and their consequences, available research indicates that the rate of non-health care facility medication errors in the United States has increased significantly in recent years (Burke, 2007).

For nearly nine years as a certified medication aide in various health care settings, I was responsible for administering various types of medications. Most of the time, I catch medication errors that could result in serious injury or even death for the patient. The most recent medication errors I witnessed occurred a few months ago, while we were dealing with a staff shortage due to COVID 19, when a newly graduated nurse gave the patient the wrong insulin, instead of long-acting insulin, she gave short-acting, causing the client’s blood sugar to drop dangerously low and the patient to be admitted to the emergency room to be treated. Medication errors by doctors and surgeons can be fatal. For example, if a patient returns from the hospital with mismatched discharge medications, it can lead to serious health problems and even death because some of the medications are contraindicated for each other or contribute to the patient’s condition. To avoid medication errors, I always compare what the patient returns from the hospital with what we have in our med cart as a nurse in a long-term care facility. The numerous incidents of mediation errors and near misses that I have witnessed make it abundantly clear that medication administration and reconciliation must be improved.

Finding peer-reviewed academic journal articles I went to the Capella University Library and searched through nursing and healthcare databases for articles about medication errors during care transitions. Within this filter, I chose CINAHL Complete and the keywords “medication errors and how to prevent them” to search for peer-reviewed literature on medication errors and error prevention. I chose journal articles as the publication type, as well as articles published within the last five years. When evaluating the credibility and relevance of information sources, I chose only peer-reviewed journal articles published in the last five years to ensure the article’s credibility. I also chose sources that were well-known in the field of health care.

I chose scholarly sources that were relevant to my topic and contained accepted facts and opinions about medication errors that occur in health care facilities and how to prevent the errors from occurring. Articles also had a clear purpose and contained information relevant to reducing medication errors.

 

Annotated Bibliography

Wittich, Christopher M., MD, PharmD, Burkle, Christopher M., MD, JD, & Lanier, W. L., MD. (2014). Medication errors: An overview for clinicians. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.05.007

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of medication errors in the clinical setting, including terminology, definitions, incidence rates, and risk factors. According to the Institute of Medicine, medication errors kill one in every 131 outpatients and one in every 854 inpatients. They claim that multiple strategies, including involving the FDA, technology, drug labeling, and medication reconciliation, are required to avoid medication errors. Further research, according to the authors, should focus on errors that could cause harm, as well as a better understanding of how all factors that help prevent errors can be improved. This article was relevant to medication errors because it broke down the whole system and gave a clear explanation of what medication errors are, how often they happen, what causes them, and how to stop them.

Burke, J. P. (2007, August 9). Book Review: Preventing Medication Errors (Quality Chasm Serieson Errors (Quality Chasm Series) by the Committee on Identifying and Preventing Medication Errors and the Board on Health Care Services. edited by Philip Aspden, Julie A. Wolcott, J. Lyle Bootman, and Linda R. Cronenwett. 463 pp. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2007.

This study provides an epidemiological analysis of medication errors in non-health care facilities that resulted in serious medical outcomes. Between 2000 and 2012, the rate of these errors among people aged 6 and up increased significantly. One-third of the 67,603 exposures included in this study resulted in hospitalization, putting a significant strain on the health-care system. Most medication mistakes in places other than hospitals can be prevented, and our research can help with that.

Kalejaiye, B., Skinner, M., Eimen, M., Neufer, J., Sidbury, G., … Vincent, J. (2014). Pharmacist-managed inpatient discharge medication reconciliation: A combined onsite and telepharmacy model. 2159-2166 in American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 71(24). https://doi-org.library.capella.edu/10.2146/ajhp130650

Together with telepharmacists, the authors of this paper build, pilot, and implement a pharmacist-managed hospital discharge medication reconciliation system. The goal of this system is to assist in the reduction of medication errors on discharge. The purpose of this research was to kick off a quality improvement effort with the intention of enhancing discharge medicine lists, which are frequently unclear, erroneous, and/or lacking in some way. The authors had high hopes that by utilizing both onsite and remote pharmacists with discharge medication lists, they would be able to improve the correctness of these documents for patients and help reduce medication errors that contribute to patient harm. During the course of this new procedure, which lasted for 19 months, the majority of medication errors that occurred on discharge were due to unreconciled pharmaceutical orders, duplicate orders, and order clarification. According to the findings of the study, the newly implemented procedure was effective in enhancing patient outcomes and reducing the number of medication errors that occurred upon discharge. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that medication errors can occur at any point along the healthcare continuum and that there are techniques to reduce the risk of medication errors after a patient has been discharged from the hospital.

Hitti, E., Tamim, H., Bakhti, R., Zebian, D., & Mufarrij, A. (2017). Impact of an internally developed electronic prescription on prescribing errors at discharge from the emergency department Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, 18(5), 943–950. https://doi [1] org.library.capella.edu/10.5811/westjem.2017.6.32037.

This article explores the potential implications of implementing an electronic (E) – prescription system at discharge, as well as the question of whether such a system could assist in the reduction of medication errors at discharge. The authors compared the rates of medication errors that occurred with handwritten versus electronic discharge prescriptions in a study that was carried out both before and after the intervention. They came to the conclusion that electronic prescriptions were able to significantly cut down on errors related to illegibility, missing doses, missing frequencies, and missing strengths. They came to the conclusion that the reduction in errors would be sufficient evidence to support the implementation of this system. This article was chosen because it offers a possible solution for combating the large number of medication errors upon discharge.

Learnings From the Research

I learned more about the full spectrum of what has to be done to guarantee patients’ safety and reduce medication errors as I combed through scholarly literature in search of data on medication errors on discharge and throughout transitions of care. It was enlightening to find out that 46% of all prescription errors and 20% of adverse drug events in hospitals may be traced back to a failure to reconcile drugs, and that doing so is a simple but effective way to help minimize disparities that could lead to patient harm. By making an annotated bibliography, I was able to compile a list of scholarly sources that will serve as a foundation for my paper on the topic of pharmaceutical errors.

 

 

NHS-FP4000 Unit 2 Assignment  Applying Research Skills Reference

Wittich, Christopher M., MD, PharmD, Burkle, Christopher M., MD, JD, & Lanier, W. L., MD. (2014). Medication errors: an overview for clinicians doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.05.007

Burke, J. P. (2007, August 9). Book Review: Preventing Medication Errors (Quality Chasm Serieson Errors (Quality Chasm Series) by the Committee on Identifying and Preventing Medication Errors and the Board on Health Care Services. edited by Philip Aspden, Julie A. Wolcott, J. Lyle Bootman, and Linda R. Cronenwett. 463 pp. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2007.

Hitti, E., Tamim, H., Bakhti, R., Zebian, D., & Mufarrij, A. (2017). Impact of an internally developed electronic prescription on prescribing errors at discharge from the emergency department Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, 18(5), 943–950 https://doi-org.library.capella.edu/10.5811/westjem.2017.6.32037.

Kee, K. W., Char, C. W. T., & Yip, A. Y. F. (2018). A review of interventions to reduce medication discrepancies or errors in the primary or ambulatory care setting during the care transition from hospital to primary care (7(3), 501. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.

Kalejaiye, B., Skinner, M., Eimen, M., Neufer, J., Sidbury, G.,… Vincent, J. (2014) Pharmacist-managed inpatient discharge medication reconciliation: A combined onsite and telepharmacy model 2159-2166 in American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 71(24).https://doi-org.library.capella.edu/10.2146/ajhp130650

 

Sample Answer for NHS-FP4000 Unit 2 Assignment: Applying Research Skills Included

Create a 4-6 page annotated bibliography and summary based on your research related to best practices addressing a current health care problem or issue of interest to you.

For this assessment, you will select and research a current health care problem or issue faced by a health care organization. Read each portion of the assessment carefully and use the Suggested Resources to help you complete the assessment. This assessment provides an opportunity to apply research skills to a current health care problem or issue.

As you prepare to complete this assessment, you may want to think about other related issues to deepen your understanding or broaden your viewpoint. You are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, a family member, or a member of your professional community. Note that these questions are for your own development and exploration and do not need to be completed or submitted as part of your assessment.

• How do you approach a problem or issue within your organization, when you observe it?
• How often have you needed to find credible information to solve a personal or professional problem? How did you find the information you needed?
• What are peer-reviewed resources? Why are peer-reviewed resources considered to be credible and valid?
• How would you explore evidence-based best practices in your field of study?

Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum, be sure to address each point. In addition, you are encouraged to review the performance level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.

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For this assessment, you will research best practices related to a current health care problem. Your selected problem or issue will be utilized again in Assessment 3. To explore your chosen topic, you should use the first two steps of the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach as described on Campus to aid your critical thinking.

1. View the Assessment Topic Areas media piece linked in the Resources and select one of the health care problems or issues in the media piece to research. Write a brief overview of the selected topic. In your overview:
   • Describe the health care problem or issue.
   • Describe your interest in the topic.
   • Describe any professional experience you have with this topic.
2. Conduct a search for scholarly or academic peer-reviewed literature related to the topic and describe the criteria you used to search for articles, including the names of the databases you used.
   • You will want to access the applicable Undergraduate Library Research Guide related to your degree (found at the NHS Learner Success Lab) for tips to help you in your search.
   • Use keywords related to the health care problem or issue you are researching to select relevant articles.
3. Assess the credibility of the information sources you find.
   • Determine if the source is from an academic peer-reviewed journal.
   • Determine if the publication is current.
   • Determine if information in the academic peer-reviewed journal article is still relevant.
4. Select four current scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles published during the past three to five years that relate to your topic.
5. Explain the relevance of the information sources.
   • Describe how the health care problem or issue is addressed in each source.
   • Discuss what kind of contribution each source provides on your selected topic.
6. Analyze the scholarly literature or academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format.
   • The purpose of an annotated bibliography is to document a list of references along with key information about each one. The detail about the reference is the annotation. Developing this annotated bibliography will create a foundation of knowledge about the selected topic.
   • List the full reference for the source in APA format (author, date, title, publisher, et cetera) and use APA format for the annotated bibliography.
   • Make sure the references are listed in alphabetical order, are double-spaced, and use hanging indents.
   • Follow the reference with the annotation.
7. In your annotation:
   • Identify the purpose of the article.
   • Summarize the source:
     • What are the main arguments?
     • What topics are covered?
   • Include the conclusions and findings of the article.
   • Write your annotation in a paragraph form. The annotation should be approximately 150 words (1 to 3 paragraphs) in length.
8. In a separate paragraph or two at the end of the paper, summarize what you learned from your research.
   • List the main points you learned about.
   • Summarize the main contributions of the sources you chose and how they enhanced your knowledge about the topic.

Example Assessment: You may use the assessment example, linked in the Assessment Example section of the Resources, to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like.

Additional Requirements

1. Length: At least 4–6 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page and reference page.
2. Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
3. APA Template: Use the APA Style Paper Template as the paper format and the APA Style Paper Tutorial for guidance. See the Resources for these documents.
4. Written communication: Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
5. Content: Provide a title page and reference page following APA style.
6. References: Use at least four scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles.
7. APA format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citation of outside sources in the body of your paper and also on the reference page.
8. Turnitin: Submit your assessment to Turnitin prior to grading. Then, only submit your final assessment to faculty for grading.

Note: Review the Applying Research Skills Scoring Guide for the grading criteria applied to this assessment.

If you would like assistance in organizing your assessment, or if you simply have a question about your assessment, please do not hesitate to ask your courseroom instructor or the teaching assistants in the NHS Learner Success Lab for guidance and suggestions.