HEALTH CARE DELIVERY MODELS AND NURSING PRACTICE GCU NRS 440

Sample Answer for HEALTH CARE DELIVERY MODELS AND NURSING PRACTICE GCU NRS 440 Included After Question

Assessment Description

Examine changes introduced to reform or restructure the U.S. health care delivery system. In a 1,000-1,250 word paper, discuss action taken for reform and restructuring and the role of the nurse within this changing environment.

Include the following:

Outline a current or emerging health care law or federal regulation introduced to reform or restructure some aspect of the health care delivery system. Describe the effect of this on nursing practice and the nurse’s role and responsibility.
Discuss how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes. Explain how these affect nursing practice and describe the expectations and responsibilities of the nursing role in these situations.
Discuss professional nursing leadership and management roles that have arisen and how they are important in responding to emerging trends and in the promotion of patient safety and quality care in diverse health care settings.
Research emerging trends. Predict two ways in which the practice of nursing and nursing roles will grow or transform within the next five years to respond to upcoming trends or predicted issues in health care.

You are required to cite a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Lopes Write. A link to the Lopes Write technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: HEALTH CARE DELIVERY MODELS AND NURSING PRACTICE GCU NRS 440

Title: HEALTH CARE DELIVERY MODELS AND NURSING PRACTICE GCU NRS 440

The need to deliver quality and affordable care implores stakeholders to continually enact legislations to reform and restructure the health care delivery system with the aim of attaining better outcomes. Nurses are critical players in these reforms and restructuring since they are patient advocates. The new delivery models emerge to offer quality care at the greatest value for patients and stakeholders like nurses (Gott, 2018). The purpose of this paper is to examine changes aimed at reforming or restructuring health care delivery system through a current law or federal regulations. The paper also discusses effect of quality measures and pay for performance in patient outcomes and nursing practice. The essay also discusses professional nursing leadership and management roles in response to emerging trends and in patient safety and quality care promotion.

Current or Emerging Health Care Law or Federal Regulation

The need to improve nursing education and practice is critical to care provision in the U.S. health care system. Imperatively, the Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act 0f 2019 is essential as it would update, reauthorize and enhance critical programs to help grow and support the nursing workforce as one of the largest labor force in the country. The Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019 focuses on enhancing nursing education, practice and programs to retain nurses to meet the growing national demand due to an aging population and subsequent retirement of baby boomers’ nursing generation (Merkley, 2019). The law offers many programs to nurse practitioners to enhance nursing care, services and improve the overall wellbeing of these practitioners. The focus of this act is to provide more accountability to the nurse and improve scope of practice to allow increased satisfaction in the profession and lead to better retention rates.

The act will assist in aligning the nursing field within its profession as nurse get opportunity to advance their education and serve in both rural and urban areas, especially among underserved populations and communities. The act ensures that nurses will have increased skills to practice based on their level of education, training, and specialty. The act implores nurses to be more accountable in their role as primary care providers, especially in rural and underserved communities (Congress.GOV., 2019). The act ensures that the American nursing workforce is well positioned to meet care need now and in the future and can address access to care challenges in the populations where they serve.

Quality Measures/ Pay for Performance

Economic changes are essential for health care delivery in the country to remain sustainable while offering quality patient care. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) develops measures to lower the cost of care and increase access. Pay for Performance is a component of quality measures aimed at rewarding healthcare entities and providers that focus on quality care and enhancing patient outcomes. Pay for performance stresses the important of quality of care and not quantity which increases the possibility of using best clinical practices and supports promotion of good health. Pay for performance increases transparency while encouraging providers to remain accountable and enhance their overall reputation.

Using data on quality measures established in collaboration with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), organizations and providers get financial rewards for enhancing patient care and reducing costs. Through the intervention, CMS can hold organizations and providers accountable for their shortcomings. The pay for performance is a value-based model and uses patient satisfaction and proven best practices as quality measures. Hospitals and providers report quality metrics to the public using the Hospital Consumers Assessment of Health Plan Survey (HCAHPS), and quality measures associated with falls, infections, morbidity, and mortality in different patient settings (Lee & Nathan, 2018). Providers and organizations use the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and information Set (HEDIS) for reporting these measures in outpatient settings.

Nurses, including advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), leaders and administrators have direct influence on quality programs and patient outcomes. Nurses should know and understand the current concepts on quality that include a selection of quality measure, data collection and measurement, data reporting and effective evaluation (Gott, 2018). Nurses need to be aware of and understand as well as promoted their roles and the impact they have on high quality patient care and outcomes. They need to advocate for resources, foster a safety culture, participate in policy and decision making concerning best practices and lead in the implementation of quality initiatives.

Leadership and Management Roles and Emerging Trends

The nursing profession is in a strategic position in the health care reforms and transition taking place and development of effective patient care models. The advent of these novel care models that aim at preventive measures and health promotion across have led to emergence of new roles among nurses and other healthcare providers. These novel positions and managerial roles include being care coordinators, primary care providers, virtual care nurses, bundled care coordinators and working in retail clinics, especially in health care deserts in rural settings (Sarkar et al., 2020). All these roles are essential since patient care continues to become complex and extending beyond the confines of healthcare settings.

Nurses are becoming primary care providers and leading the provision of care in rural settings and among different patient populations, especially vulnerable populations and communities. As health care coaches and patient advocates, they help patients set wellness goals, especially those with chronic conditions. New roles like being patient navigators ensures that patients go through their complex care journeys with increased hope and better advice from nurse practitioners (Lee & Nathan, 2018). As such, nurse leaders and managers must be visionary and use evidence-based practice interventions to enhance care delivery a. The emerging act implores nurse managers to understand the financial implications of healthcare and care for communities in a more cost-effective manner than before.

Emerging Trends in Technology and Holistic Care

Different trends will continue to define healthcare provision and care plans in the healthcare system. Among these trends include the shift to nurses as primary care providers due to a decline in primary and specialty care physician, emerging technology’s increased use, and focus on holistic care interventions. The shift to APRNs and RNs is due to the need to maintain public health coverage and increase access, especially as states continue to change laws and increase the scope of practice authority for nurses. Emerging technology will continue to define, design, and shape care provision as more patients become reliant on telehealth and telemedicine through virtual nurses and physicians (Gott, 2018). The emergence of infectious diseases and the need for increased disease surveillance and control of such spread underscore the need for better preparation among health care providers, especially nurses.

Another trend is the emergence and development of Patient Centered Medical Homes (PCMH) as part of offering better access to holistic care. many of these settings are managed and staffed by advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) and registered nurses (RNs) (Sasangohar et al., 2018). These trends imply that there will continue to be a shift in the entry level into nursing with more institutions requiring baccalaureate level to be hired by hospitals and the medical homes. The use of telehealth and telemedicine applications will imply that more nurses will specialize in nursing informatics.

Conclusion

Nurses are positioned strategically to transition patient care through advocacy, advanced education, training, policy making and leadership. Nurses must keep pace with emerging delivery models to offer safe, effective, and quality care for all patients and ensure that they get the best value outcomes. Nurses should understand the emerging trends and seek effective ways to prepare strategically as critical players in the current reforms.

References

Congress.GOV. (2019). H.R.728 – Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019.

https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/728/actions

Gott, M. (2018). Telematics for health: The role of telehealth and telemedicine in homes and

communities. CRC Press.

Lee, J. S., & Nathan, H. (2018). Quality measurement and pay for performance. Surgical

Oncology Clinics, 27(4), 621-632. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2018.05.003.

Merkley, J. (2019). Merkley, Burr Introduce Bipartisan Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act

of 2019. https://www.merkley.senate.gov/news/press-releases/merkley-burr-introduce-bipartisan-nursing-workforce-reauthorization-act-of-2019

Sasangohar, F., Davis, E., Kash, B. A., & Shah, S. R. (2018). Remote patient monitoring and

telemedicine in neonatal and pediatric settings: Scoping literature review. Journal of medical Internet research, 20(12), e295. doi: 10.2196/jmir.9403

Sarkar, R. R., Courtney, P. T., Bachand, K., Sheridan, P. E., Riviere, P. J., Guss, Z. D., … &

Murphy, J. D. (2020). Quality of care at safety‐net hospitals and the impact on pay‐for‐performance reimbursement. Cancer, 126(20), 4584-4592. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.33137

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Rubric Criteria

Criterion	1. Unsatisfactory	2. Less Than Satisfactory	3. Satisfactory	4. Good	5. Excellent
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)	0 points Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.	6.19 points Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present.	6.52 points Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.	7.34 points Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.	8.25 points Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
Quality Measures Pay for Performance, Patient Outcomes, and Effect on Nursing Practice Quality Measures Pay for Performance, Patient Outcomes, and Effect on Nursing Practice	0 points Discussion on how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes, and how they affect nursing practice, expectations, and responsibilities of the nursing role, is omitted.	24.75 points Discussion on how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes, and how they affect nursing practice, expectations, and responsibilities of the nursing role, is incomplete.	26.07 points Summary on how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes, and how they affect nursing practice, expectations, and responsibilities of the nursing role, is presented. There are inaccuracies or slight omissions.	29.37 points Discussion on how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes, and how they affect nursing practice, expectations, and responsibilities of the nursing role, is presented. Some information is needed for clarity.	33 points A thorough and insightful discussion on how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes, and how they affect nursing practice, expectations, and responsibilities of the nursing role, is presented.
Predict Change in Nursing Roles and Nursing Practice Predict Change in Nursing Roles and Nursing Practice	0 points Predictions for how the practice of nursing and nursing roles will grow or transform within the next 5 years to respond to upcoming trends or predicted issues in health care are omitted.	24.75 points Predictions for how the practice of nursing and nursing roles will grow or transform within the next 5 years to respond to upcoming trends or predicted issues in health care are incomplete. The predictions are unrealistic or lack evidence for support.	26.07 points Insert Satisfactory CoA summary on professional nursing leadership and management roles, and the imporantance of these roles in responding to emerging trends and patient safety and quality care, is presented. There are inaccuracies or slight omissions.Predictions for how the practice of nursing and nursing roles will grow or transform within the next 5 years to respond to upcoming trends or predicted issues in health care are summarized. The predictions are realistic, but there are inaccuracies or slight omissions. ntent 2 Descriptor	29.37 points Predictions for how the practice of nursing and nursing roles will grow or transform within the next 5 years to respond to upcoming trends or predicted issues in health care are discussed. The predictions are generally supported and realistic.	33 points Predictions for how the practice of nursing and nursing roles will grow or transform within the next 5 years to respond to upcoming trends or predicted issues in health care are thoroughly discussed. The predictions are based on evidence and highly relevant to emerging trends.
Documentation of Sources Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)	0 points Sources are not documented.	3.71 points Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.	3.91 points Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.	4.41 points Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.	4.95 points Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.
Thesis Development and Purpose Thesis Development and Purpose	0 points Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.	6.19 points Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.	6.52 points Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.	7.34 points Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.	8.25 points Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment) Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)	0 points Template is not used appropriately, or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.	2.47 points Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.	2.61 points Appropriate template is used. Formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.	2.94 points Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.	3.3 points All format elements are correct.
Professional Nursing Leadership and Management Roles Professional Nursing Leadership and Management Roles	0 points Discussion on professional nursing leadership and management roles and the imporantance of these roles in responding to emerging trends and patient safety and quality care is omitted.	24.75 points An incomplete discussion on professional nursing leadership and management roles and the imporantance of these roles in responding to emerging trends and patient safety and quality care is presented.	26.07 points A summary on professional nursing leadership and management roles, and the imporantance of these roles in responding to emerging trends and patient safety and quality care, is presented. There are inaccuracies or slight omissions.	29.37 points A discussion on professional nursing leadership and management roles, and the imporantance of these roles in responding to emerging trends and patient safety and quality care, is presented. Some detail or information is needed for clarity.	33 points A well-developed discussion on professional nursing leadership and management roles, and the imporantance of these roles in responding to emerging trends and patient safety and quality care, is presented. The discussion demonstrates a thorough understanding of the nursing profession in emerging trends and patient care in a diverse health setting.
Current or Emerging Health Care Law or Federal Regulation Current or Emerging Health Care Law or Federal Regulation and Effect on Nursing Practice, Role and Responsibility	0 points Emerging health care law or federal regulation is omitted. The law or regulation presented is not relevant to health care.	24.75 points Emerging health care law or federal regulation is incomplete. Effect on nursing practice and nurse role and responsibility is partially described.	26.07 points Emerging health care law or federal regulation, and effect on nursing practice and the nurse role, and responsibility is summarized. There are some inaccuracies.	29.37 points Emerging health care law or federal regulation, and effect on nursing practice and the nurse role, and responsibility is described. Some information or detail is needed for clarity.	33 points Discussion on emerging health care law or federal regulation, and effect on nursing practice and the nurse role, and responsibility is well-developed.
Argument Logic and Construction Argument Logic and Construction	0 points Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.	6.19 points Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.	6.52 points Argument is orderly but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.	7.34 points Argument shows logical progression. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.	8.25 points Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.

Criterion

1. Unsatisfactory

2. Less Than Satisfactory

3. Satisfactory

4. Good

5. Excellent

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)

0 points

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.

6.19 points

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present.

6.52 points

Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.

7.34 points

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.

8.25 points

Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Quality Measures Pay for Performance, Patient Outcomes, and Effect on Nursing Practice

Quality Measures Pay for Performance, Patient Outcomes, and Effect on Nursing Practice

0 points

Discussion on how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes, and how they affect nursing practice, expectations, and responsibilities of the nursing role, is omitted.

24.75 points

Discussion on how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes, and how they affect nursing practice, expectations, and responsibilities of the nursing role, is incomplete.

26.07 points

Summary on how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes, and how they affect nursing practice, expectations, and responsibilities of the nursing role, is presented. There are inaccuracies or slight omissions.

29.37 points

Discussion on how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes, and how they affect nursing practice, expectations, and responsibilities of the nursing role, is presented. Some information is needed for clarity.

33 points

A thorough and insightful discussion on how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes, and how they affect nursing practice, expectations, and responsibilities of the nursing role, is presented.

Predict Change in Nursing Roles and Nursing Practice

Predict Change in Nursing Roles and Nursing Practice

0 points

Predictions for how the practice of nursing and nursing roles will grow or transform within the next 5 years to respond to upcoming trends or predicted issues in health care are omitted.

24.75 points

Predictions for how the practice of nursing and nursing roles will grow or transform within the next 5 years to respond to upcoming trends or predicted issues in health care are incomplete. The predictions are unrealistic or lack evidence for support.

26.07 points

Insert Satisfactory CoA summary on professional nursing leadership and management roles, and the imporantance of these roles in responding to emerging trends and patient safety and quality care, is presented. There are inaccuracies or slight omissions.Predictions for how the practice of nursing and nursing roles will grow or transform within the next 5 years to respond to upcoming trends or predicted issues in health care are summarized. The predictions are realistic, but there are inaccuracies or slight omissions. ntent 2 Descriptor

29.37 points

Predictions for how the practice of nursing and nursing roles will grow or transform within the next 5 years to respond to upcoming trends or predicted issues in health care are discussed. The predictions are generally supported and realistic.

33 points

Predictions for how the practice of nursing and nursing roles will grow or transform within the next 5 years to respond to upcoming trends or predicted issues in health care are thoroughly discussed. The predictions are based on evidence and highly relevant to emerging trends.

Documentation of Sources

Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)

0 points

Sources are not documented.

3.71 points

Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.

3.91 points

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.

4.41 points

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.

4.95 points

Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

Thesis Development and Purpose

Thesis Development and Purpose

0 points

Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.

6.19 points

Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.

6.52 points

Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.

7.34 points

Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.

8.25 points

Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)

Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)

0 points

Template is not used appropriately, or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.

2.47 points

Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.

2.61 points

Appropriate template is used. Formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.

2.94 points

Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.

3.3 points

All format elements are correct.

Professional Nursing Leadership and Management Roles

Professional Nursing Leadership and Management Roles

0 points

Discussion on professional nursing leadership and management roles and the imporantance of these roles in responding to emerging trends and patient safety and quality care is omitted.

24.75 points

An incomplete discussion on professional nursing leadership and management roles and the imporantance of these roles in responding to emerging trends and patient safety and quality care is presented.

26.07 points

A summary on professional nursing leadership and management roles, and the imporantance of these roles in responding to emerging trends and patient safety and quality care, is presented. There are inaccuracies or slight omissions.

29.37 points

A discussion on professional nursing leadership and management roles, and the imporantance of these roles in responding to emerging trends and patient safety and quality care, is presented. Some detail or information is needed for clarity.

33 points

A well-developed discussion on professional nursing leadership and management roles, and the imporantance of these roles in responding to emerging trends and patient safety and quality care, is presented. The discussion demonstrates a thorough understanding of the nursing profession in emerging trends and patient care in a diverse health setting.

Current or Emerging Health Care Law or Federal Regulation

Current or Emerging Health Care Law or Federal Regulation and Effect on Nursing Practice, Role and Responsibility

0 points

Emerging health care law or federal regulation is omitted. The law or regulation presented is not relevant to health care.

24.75 points

Emerging health care law or federal regulation is incomplete. Effect on nursing practice and nurse role and responsibility is partially described.

26.07 points

Emerging health care law or federal regulation, and effect on nursing practice and the nurse role, and responsibility is summarized. There are some inaccuracies.

29.37 points

Emerging health care law or federal regulation, and effect on nursing practice and the nurse role, and responsibility is described. Some information or detail is needed for clarity.

33 points

Discussion on emerging health care law or federal regulation, and effect on nursing practice and the nurse role, and responsibility is well-developed.

Argument Logic and Construction

Argument Logic and Construction

0 points

Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.

6.19 points

Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.

6.52 points

Argument is orderly but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.

7.34 points

Argument shows logical progression. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.

8.25 points

Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.