Drug Information Resources

Activity Activity title: DRUG INFORMATION RESOURCES NOTE: DON’T FORGET YOUR REFERECES (In text and reference list) Learning objectives: At the end of this activity, you should be able to: 1. Define tertiary, secondary, and primary literature 2. Assess drug information from the internet 3. Critically analyze a journal article 4. Evaluate information from internet sources Knowing the most appropriate resource for information retrieval is the first step in the provision of quality drug information. The quantity of medical information and medical literature available is growing at an astounding rate. The technology by which this information can be accessed is also improving exponentially. The introduction of PDAs and Internet resources has to some extent changed the methods by which information is accessed, but not the process of providing drug information. Pharmacists are being asked daily to provide responses to numerous drug information requests for a variety of people. It is tempting just to select the easiest, most familiar resources to find information; however, by doing that there is the possibility of missing new resources or limiting the comprehensiveness of the information found. It is for these reasons that the systematic approach is helpful in order to streamline the search process. Drug information and drug literature evaluation skills are vital for the pharmacotherapy specialist. Pharmacists can take the lead in providing drug information to other health care professionals and to patients and their families. The field of drug information continues to evolve with new and better references, new applications for electronic devices, and new sources on the Internet. The pharmacist’s skills in drug literature evaluation and evidence-based medicine are even more important today given the breadth of information overload. Pharmacists should acquire techniques to find high-quality information to maximize patient care. Knowing all the various resources available to both health care professionals and the public allows the pharmacist to suggest quality sources of information. Good drug literature evaluation skills can be a necessary filter to ensure that evidence-based medicine is being disseminated. Pharmacists can use their drug information skills to participate in developing practice guidelines and monographs as part of the patient care team. They can also serve in the role of verifying information from credible sources and advising the team when information may be of poor quality or from references that do not meet acceptable standards. Pharmacists must rely on the best practices related to drug information to benefit patients and health care professionals and ensure high-quality services. 1 Activity I. Fill in the table with the desired answers. Give a short description, at least 2 advantages and disadvantages, and 3 examples of the literature. (30pts) Description (3pts) Advantages (2pts) Primary Secondary Tertiary 2 Disadvantages (2pts) Example (3pts) Activity II. A physician is seeking information about the use of chondroitin in the management of osteoarthritis. He sees a large number of patients in his practice and is seeking information about efficacy, safety, and appropriate dosing of this product. a. What are the advantages and disadvantages of tertiary resources in responding to this request? (3pts) _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of primary literature in this scenario? (3pts) _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ c. What might be the appropriate key words to use to identify relevant information in a secondary database? (2pts) _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ d. Might information on the Internet be helpful in responding to this question? (2pts) _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 Activity III. DROP EVERYTHING AND READ. Look for the following articles online and answer the questions related to the studies. Answers for the questions are found in the abstract itself so please READ carefully. I. Prophylactic Antibiotic Use in COPD and the Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Antibiotics 1. What is the study design used to compare the antibiotic therapy? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What were the antibiotics used in the study? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What class of antibiotics do these antibiotics belong? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What two antibiotics showed promising result in the treatment of COPD? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Define in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ II. Honey: its medicinal property and antibacterial activity 1. The antimicrobial activity of Honey is due to? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 Activity 2. What is the reason why Honey is used in wound healing? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is another variety of Honey that does not produce hydrogen peroxide? How can this variety of honey give its antibacterial effect even without producing hydrogen peroxide? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ III. Isolation and identification of new antibacterial compounds from Bacillus pumilus 1. What instrument was used to isolate the three compounds with antibacterial activity? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What instruments were used to identify the chemical structure of the compounds? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The three compounds had antibacterial activity on what bacteria? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What were the three compounds isolated from Bacillus pumilus? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and in Vitro Antidiabetic Activities of Essential Oils from Eruca vesicaria 1. What essential oil was extracted from the plant? Chemical name? what organ of the plant was the EO extracted from and the % of the EO found in these organs? 5 Activity _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the positive control used in testing the antibacterial activity of the said EO? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What were the assays used in measuring or determining the antioxidant property of the EO? What organ of the plant has potential antioxidant property? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Himalayan honey loaded iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and study of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities 1. What is Himalayan honey? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Purpose of the study? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Methods used for characterization of the HHLIO-NPs? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Method used to confirm that the iron oxide was loaded with HH? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6 Activity 5. Method used to determine the antioxidant activity of HHLIO-NPs? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Method used to determine the antimicrobial activity of HHLIO-NPs? What bacteria were used? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Compare IO-NP with HHLIO-NP under SEM. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Follow-up question (3pts) 1. What is the IMRaD format? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Read this article: https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/the-internet-as-a-drug-information-resource a. Is the web a safe space for acquiring information for health-related queries? What is your stand on this? (10pts) _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 Activity Choose (1) topic of interest and list three sites that offer different perspectives on the same issue. Analyze each web page using the guide questions below. (10pts) Topic Name of website Who is responsible for creating this website? When was this website created? What are the strengths of this website? How evenhanded is this website? Does it have any potential for bias? Who is the intended audience? What is its primary focus? What evidence is provided for the claims? 8

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