DNP-810 Topic 7 DQ 1 What is the impact of chronic disease on both increased health care expenditures and wasted resources?

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Topic 7 DQ 1

Jul 21-23, 2022

What is the impact of chronic disease on both increased health care expenditures and wasted resources? Do genetics play a role? How can the doctoral-prepared nurse apply this information in practice? Explain. Support your rationale with a minimum of two scholarly sources.

REPLY TO DISCUSSION

Carolyn Smith

Jul 27, 2022, 3:07 AM

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Replies to Carolyn Smith

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: DNP-810 Topic 7 DQ 1 What is the impact of chronic disease on both increased health care expenditures and wasted resources?

Title: DNP-810 Topic 7 DQ 1 What is the impact of chronic disease on both increased health care expenditures and wasted resources?

Chronic illnesses like obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, arthritis, cancer, Alzheimer’s, and cardiovascular diseases have significant health and economic costs in the US. These disorders are significantly attributed to modifiable risk factors like cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and a high caloric intake. Dieleman et al. (2020) state that these risk factors are prevalent in society, and more people are being diagnosed with chronic illnesses, which increases the demand for patient care and healthcare expenditures and resources.

According to the National Health Expenditure Data, 90% of the country’s $4.1 trillion in yearly healthcare expenditures is spent on individuals with chronic and mental health illnesses. For example, more than 1.7 million persons are diagnosed with cancer annually in the US, and it is associated with roughly 600,000 mortalities, making it the second leading cause of death. The cost of cancer treatment continues to increase and is expected to reach above $240 billion by 2030 (Mariotto et al., 2020). Besides, diabetes and its complications have a total estimated cost of $327 billion in medical costs and lost productivity. The US health care system spends almost $173 billion yearly on obesity treatment. Furthermore, Alzheimer’s is increasingly becoming prevalent in the US with the aging population. In 2020, the estimated treatment costs for Alzheimer’s disease were $305 billion and are projected to increase to more than $1.1 trillion in 2050 due to the high demand for Alzheimer’s care (CMS, 2018).

Evidence-based data sources include reviews of published intervention studies or evaluations with evidence of feasibility, effectiveness, achievement, sustainability, and transferability. Healthcare researchers and providers can use these sources to develop innovative interventions to treat and care for patients with chronic illnesses (Li et al., 2019). For example, they can use the sources to create health care programs that educate individuals on risk factors and lifestyle interventions that lower the risk for chronic illnesses. Evidence-based sources can also be used to identify interventions that can improve care delivery for patients with chronic illnesses to prevent complications.

References

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2018). National health expenditure data: historical. webpage, December, 16.

Dieleman, J. L., Cao, J., Chapin, A., Chen, C., Li, Z., Liu, A., … & Murray, C. J. (2020). US health care spending by payer and health condition, 1996-2016. Jama, 323(9), 863-884. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.0734

Li, S., Cao, M., & Zhu, X. (2019). Evidence-based practice: Knowledge, attitudes, implementation, facilitators, and barriers among community nurses-systematic review. Medicine, 98(39), e17209. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000017209

Mariotto, A. B., Enewold, L., Zhao, J., Zeruto, C. A., & Yabroff, K. R. (2020). Medical Care Costs Associated with Cancer Survivorship in the United StatesCancer Medical Care Costs in the United States. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 29(7), 1304-1312. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1534

DNP-810 Topic 7 DQ 1 What is the impact of chronic disease on both increased health care expenditures and wasted resources

Tommie Wood

replied toCarolyn Smith

Jul 27, 2022, 6:05 PM

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Replies to Carolyn Smith

Carolyn,

I enjoyed your post. I agree as DNP-prepared nurses’ education will be an essential part of managing patients with chronic conditions. It’s important for us as DNP-prepared nurses to ensure that we create and provide information and services that are easily understood and used most effectively with the skills they have. Work with educators and others to help people become more familiar with health information and services and build their health literacy skills over time, build skills as communicators of health information. work with trusted messengers when sharing information, ensuring your organization supports health literacy in the organizations. (CDC, 2022)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Understanding health literacy. https://www.cdc.gov/healthliteracy/learn/Understanding.html

Amanda Clark

Jul 26, 2022, 6:03 PM

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CAT: Was there anything from this week’s readings that left you with unanswered questions?

Beverly Quiza

Jul 25, 2022, 9:28 AM

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Replies to Carolyn Smith

Increasing population in aging and increased life expectancy are causing high health expenditures and increase importance of the healthcare system. Efficient spending on healthcare is required to reduce unnecessary utilizations and focused on treatment and management of acute disease. According to World Health Organization (WHO), premature mortality from non-communicable diseases, also known as chronic diseases, accounted for 52% of global deaths under the age of 70 years in 2012. Chronic disease is usually defined as a disease that lasts for more than a year and requires ongoing or continuous management. WHO reported that chronic diseases are classified into four major categories: cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes. Chronic diseases are caused by a number of complex factors, such as genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. Continuity of care for chronic diseases, which indicates regularity of visiting a primary care doctor, may increase healthcare expenditure in the short-term by increasing direct medical costs with spending more on prescription drugs. Chronic diseases increases, patients should have a regular site to improve their health status through steady follow-up for reducing total healthcare expenditures and to decrease inefficient healthcare utilizations.

There are many possible causes of human disease, family history is often one of the strongest risk factors for common disease complexes such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and psychiatric illnesses. A person inherits a complete set of genes from each parent, as well as a vast array of cultural and socioeconomic experiences from his/her family. Technological advances in high-throughput genotyping have allowed the direct examination of specific genetic differences among sizable numbers of people. Genetic association techniques are often the most efficient approach for assessing how specific genetic variation can affect disease risk.

Genetic variation impacts all cellular, biochemical, physiological, and morphological aspects of a human being and genes whose variability controls how much or how little a person is likely to be responsive to the environmental risk factors that are associated with disease risk.

Nurses, the most trusted health professionals and, make unique contributions to the field of human genetics and genomics and complement the work of other health care providers to improve the health of the public. Health care benefits greatly from the unprecedented and ongoing work elucidating the genetic/genomic basis of health, illness, disease risk, and treatment response. nursing profession is a pivotal provider of quality health care services and is essential to closing the gap between research discoveries that are efficacious to health care and their successful adoption to optimize health.

References:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Chronic Disease Overview, 2017. URL: https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisesase/overview/.

Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014: Attaining the Nine Global Noncommunicable Diseases Targets: A Shared Responsibility. [(accessed on 21 August 2018)]; Available online: http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-status-report-2014/en

Pinkovskiy ML. The impact of the manage care backlash on health care costs: evidence from state regulation of managed care cost containment practices. New York: Federal Reserve Bank of New York; 2019.

Grading Rubric Guidelines

Performance Category	10	9	8	4	0
Scholarliness Demonstrates achievement of scholarly inquiry for professional and academic decisions.	Provides relevant evidence of scholarly inquiry clearly stating how the evidence informed or changed professional or academic decisions Evaluates literature resources to develop a comprehensive analysis or synthesis. Uses valid, relevant, and reliable outside sources to contribute to the threaded discussion	Provides relevant evidence of scholarly inquiry but does not clearly state how the evidence informed or changed professional or academic decisions. Evaluates information from source(s) to develop a coherent analysis or synthesis. Uses some valid, relevant, reliable outside sources to contribute to the threaded discussion.	Discusses using scholarly inquiry but does not state how scholarly inquiry informed or changed professional or academic decisions. Information is taken from source(s) with some interpretation/evaluation, but not enough to develop a coherent analysis or synthesis. Little valid, relevant, or reliable outside sources are used to contribute to the threaded discussion. Demonstrates little or no understanding of the topic.	Discusses using scholarly inquiry but does not state how scholarly inquiry informed or changed professional or academic decisions. Information is taken from source(s) without any interpretation/evaluation. The posting uses information that is not valid, relevant, or reliable	No evidence of the use of scholarly inquiry to inform or change professional or academic decisions. Information is not valid, relevant, or reliable
Performance Category	10	9	8	4	0
Application of Course Knowledge – Demonstrate the ability to analyze, synthesize, and/or apply principles and concepts learned in the course lesson and outside readings and relate them to real-life professional situations	Posts make direct reference to concepts discussed in the lesson or drawn from relevant outside sources; Applies concepts to personal experience in the professional setting and or relevant application to real life.	Posts make direct reference to concepts discussed in the lesson or drawn from relevant outside sources. Applies concepts to personal experience in their professional setting and or relevant application to real life Interactions with classmates are relevant to the discussion topic but do not make direct reference to lesson content	Posts are generally on topic but do not build knowledge by incorporating concepts and principles from the lesson. Does not attempt to apply lesson concepts to personal experience in their professional setting and or relevant application to real life Does not demonstrate a solid understanding of the principles and concepts presented in the lesson	Posts do not adequately address the question posed either by the discussion prompt or the instructor’s launch post. Posts are superficial and do not reflect an understanding of the lesson content Does not attempt to apply lesson concepts to personal experience in their professional setting and or relevant application to real life	Posts are not related to the topics provided by the discussion prompt or by the instructor; attempts by the instructor to redirect the student are ignored No discussion of lesson concepts to personal experience in the professional setting and or relevant application to real life
Performance Category	5	4	3	2	0
Interactive Dialogue Replies to each graded thread topic posted by the course instructor, by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT, of each week, and posts a minimum of two times in each graded thread, on separate days. *(5 points possible per graded thread)*	Exceeds minimum post requirements Replies to each graded thread topic posted by the course instructor, by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT, of each week, and posts three or more times in each graded thread, over three separate days. Replies to a post posed by faculty and to a peer Summarizes what was learned from the lesson, readings, and other student posts for the week.	Replies to each graded thread topic posted by the course instructor, by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT, of each week, and posts a minimum of two times in each graded thread, on separate days Replies to a question posed by a peer Summarizes what was learned from the lesson, readings, and other student posts for the week.	Meets expectations of 2 posts on 2 different days. The main post is not made by the Wednesday deadline Does not reply to a question posed by a peer or faculty	Has only one post for the week Discussion posts contain few, if any, new ideas or applications; often are a rehashing or summary of other students’ comments	Does not post to the thread No connections are made to the topic
	Minus 1 Point	Minus 2 Point	Minus 3 Point	Minus 4 Point	Minus 5 Point
Grammar, Syntax, APA Note: if there are only a few errors in these criteria, please note this for the student in as an area for improvement. If the student does not make the needed corrections in upcoming weeks, then points should be deducted. Points deducted for improper grammar, syntax and APA style of writing. The source of information is the APA Manual 6th Edition	2-3 errors in APA format. Written responses have 2-3 grammatical, spelling, and punctuation errors. Writing style is generally clear, focused, and facilitates communication.	4-5 errors in APA format. Writing responses have 4-5 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Writing style is somewhat focused.	6-7 errors in APA format. Writing responses have 6-7 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Writing style is slightly focused making discussion difficult to understand.	8-10 errors in APA format. Writing responses have 8-10 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Writing style is not focused, making discussion difficult to understand.	Post contains greater than 10 errors in APA format. Written responses have more than 10 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Writing style does not facilitate communication. The student continues to make repeated mistakes in any of the above areas after written correction by the instructor
	0 points lost				-5 points lost
Total Participation Requirements *per discussion thread*	The student answers the threaded discussion question or topic on one day and posts a second response on another day.				The student does not meet the minimum requirement of two postings on two different days
Early Participation Requirement *per discussion thread*	The student must provide a substantive answer to the graded discussion question(s) or topic(s), posted by the course instructor (not a response to a peer), by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT of each week.				The student does not meet the requirement of a substantive response to the stated question or topic by Wednesday at 11:59 pm MT.

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