Discuss characteristic findings of immune dysfunction for either hypersensitivity reactions or AIDS NRS 410
Discuss characteristic findings of immune dysfunction for either hypersensitivity reactions or AIDS NRS 410
Topic 4 DQ 1
Discuss characteristic findings of immune dysfunction for either hypersensitivity reactions or AIDS. Explain what symptomology the patient would exhibit and how these symptoms may complicate daily living and relationships.
Replies
Class, are the incidence of HIV/AIDS decreasing or increasing? What do you or science contribute the change to?
According to the United States Government the new diagnosis of HIV has declined in the United States and even more so globally, (HIV.gov, 2022). They also stated that AIDS related deaths are in a decline too, (HIV.gov, 2022). I attribute the decline and agree with the information provided from HIV.gov regarding the increased access to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) worldwide along with other preventative measures that that have been put into place. I believe educating people on the transmission has also played a part of the decrease with new diagnoses as it is a blood born pathogen spread most often through sexual contact or needle sharing. The ART medication regimens have decreased viral loads thereby decreasing the chances of spreading the disease when engaged in risky behaviors. With all this said I do tend to believe that the HIV virus will increase in frequency again as viruses mutate and people become more relaxed about prevention. I do not think this is a virus that will ever go away, although it would be a huge blessing if it did.
HIV.gov. (2022, July 19). U.S. statistics. HIV.gov. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and
Replies
Amanda, do you feel the stigma is still there, even though the rates are declining; or is the stigma declining as well?
![Discuss characteristic findings of immune dysfunction for either hypersensitivity reactions or AIDS NRS 410](https://nursingassignmentcrackers.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Discuss-characteristic-findings-of-immune-dysfunction-for-either-hypersensitivity-reactions-or-AIDS-NRS-410-300x90.png)
Replies
I have no doubt the stigma is still there, but I do think people are trying to overcome that stigma. In a 2018 study it states that patients are “stigmatized as being poor, having a high number of sexual partners in their lifetime, and frequently engaging in other risky sexual behavior”, (Geter et al., 2018). I imagine that drug use is another stigma that floats around too. I used to work with a guy who lived with HIV, and he told me he never wanted anyone to know because patients would request not to get cared for by him. At the time he was in a monogamous relationship with another man but had gotten infected by a previous same gender sexual relationship. This history he shared did not help the stigma that existed with the disease but having the open conversation gave me an empathy I did not have previously. He was my friend, and I did not want that to change so I decided not to be afraid or to judge. I think talking about it helps with stigma and the modern acceptance for different lifestyles I imagine will foster more understanding of the disease.
Geter, A., Herron, A. R., & Sutton, M. Y. (2018). HIV-related stigma by healthcare providers in the United States: A systematic review. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 32(10), 418–424. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2018.0114
Replies
Amanda, likewise, my students have taken care of several patients, mostly male who are very willing to discuss their disease and care. Unfortunately, in my area, the PCP’s are of one practice. It makes me wonder why others do not have the HIV clients.
Hi,
I think as a health care professional there is less stigmatization of HIV patients than in past times. I do believe there is still an internalized stigma that comes when a person is diagnosed with HIV. The CDC reports that 8 in 10 adults feel internal stigmatization from their HIV status and it can lead to depression, isolation, and feelings of shame (HIV.gov, 2022). To help with coping with the diagnosis it is important for the nurse to provide proper education.
Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our Verified MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS: Discuss characteristic findings of immune dysfunction for either hypersensitivity reactions or AIDS NRS 410
HIV.gov. (2022, July 21). Standing Up to Stigma. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/making-a-difference/standing-up-to-stigma
Sara, do you base your comments upon the evidence about “less stigmatizsation of HIV patients”? I see it differently in my community.
- Mary Bonillos
replied toBarb McGraw
Aug 9, 2022, 7:24 PM
Replies to Barb McGraw
Overall, the incidence of HIV has decreased since its peak in the mid-’80s. However, a study by Govender et al. (2021) found a concerning rise in the incidence of HIV in the U.S., South America, and Europe. In the United States, new HIV infections are mainly attributed to key populations such as men having sex with men, followed by heterosexual contact, and to a lesser extent, injection-drug use (Govender et al., 2021). The number of new HIV infections increased from 48,175 per year in 2010 to 67,000 in 2019, and the rates are forecasted to continue rising (Govender et al., 2021). HIV rates are climbing in underserved populations, such as rural areas in the U.S South. “Ongoing disparities in HIV in the South are probably driven by the restricted expansion of Medicaid, health-care provider shortages, low health literacy, and HIV stigma” (Sullivan et al., 2021). The COVID epidemic also caused challenges as there was less access to testing and medical care. HIV.gov (2021) says the incidence has declined by 8% from 2015 to 2019 yet increased for people ages 13-24 and 55 years and over. The decline in overall incidence can be attributed to education, primary and secondary prevention programs, condom availability, pre-exposure prophylaxis medications, and antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV-positive mother-to-child transmission (Govender et al., 2021). More people can live longer after an HIV diagnosis with successful treatment regimens of ART, shifting HIV into a chronic disease with increasing numbers of people having near normal life expectancy (Govender et al., 2021).
Discuss characteristic findings of immune dysfunction for either hypersensitivity reactions or AIDS NRS 410 Reference
Govender, R. D., Hashim, M., Khan, M., Mustafa, H., & Khan, G. (2021). Global epidemiology of hiv/aids: A resurgence in north america and europe. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 11(3), 296. https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.210621.001
HIV.gov. (2021, June 2). U.s. statistics. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/statistics
Sullivan, P. S., Satcher Johnson, A., Pembleton, E. S., Stephenson, R., Justice, A. C., Althoff, K. N., Bradley, H., Castel, A. D., Oster, A. M., Rosenberg, E. S., Mayer, K. H., & Beyrer, C. (2021). Epidemiology of hiv in the usa: Epidemic burden, inequities, contexts, and responses. The Lancet, 397(10279), 1095–1106. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00395-0
- Beth Johnsrud
replied toMary Bonillos
Aug 13, 2022, 9:52 AM
- ·
Replies to Mary Bonillos
Mary,
According to show that those living with HIV today, can expect to live a normal life expectancy, if the treatment is started early, and if they are compliant with their medications. One also needs to take care of themselves by not smoking, eating healthy, exercising, and getting the recommended vaccinations (Myhre et al., 2022). Doing these things, one may be able to live until a cure is find, improve life expectancy in those with HIV.
Beth Johnsrud
Myhre , J., & Sifris, D. (2022, May 18). How long can I live if I get HIV? Verywell Health. Retrieved August 13, 2022, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-long-can-i-live-after-getting-hiv-48889
- Sandra Jeudy
replied toBarb McGraw
Aug 10, 2022, 6:29 AM
Replies to Barb McGraw
Professor McGraw,
Studies show a significant decrease in incidences of HIV over the last decade. While considerable progress has been made in preventing and treating HIV, there is still much to do. HIV remains a persistent public health problem in the United States (Bajema et al., 2020). Scientists and communities have partnered to drive progress and improve the scientific process of defeating HIV. Involving affected districts in the planning and implementation of research and care is a vital component that has helped reduce the incidences of HIV. Community engagement, technological advancement, and stakeholder collaboration have contributed to this decrease.
Discuss characteristic findings of immune dysfunction for either hypersensitivity reactions or AIDS NRS 410 Reference
Bajema, K. L., Nance, R. M., Delaney, J. A., Eaton, E., Thibaut, D. M., Karris, M. Y., & Kitahata, M. M. (2020). Significant decline in heavily treatment-experienced persons with HIV with limited antiretroviral treatment options in the US, 2000-2017. AIDS (London, England), 34(14), 2051. https://doi.org/10.1097%2FQAD.0000000000002679
- Barb McGraw
replied toSandra Jeudy
Aug 10, 2022, 2:31 PM
- ·
Replies to Sandra Jeudy
Sandra, it will be interesting to follow how COVID affected the HIV reporting and their care, including the availability of their medications, for the past 2 years.
- Atoyia Ortiz
replied toBarb McGraw
Aug 10, 2022, 7:30 PM
- Replies to Barb McGraw
In the 1980s, knowledge about the disease was rising, but people were ruled by fear, ignorance, and stigma when it came to HIV and AIDS. At that time, the outlook for people with HIV was pretty grim because there were no treatment options. When World AIDS Day was first established in 1988, the world looked very different to how it is today. Now, we have easily accessible testing, treatment, a range of prevention options, including pre-exposure prophylaxis of PrEP (a daily medicine that can reduce one’s chances of getting HIV), and services that can reach vulnerable communities. As committed as the global health community was, the dedication of HIV activists and advocates in pushing for patient-driven care, improving access to new drugs, and expanding funding for both HIV care and research, has been unparalleled in almost any other disease field, according to The World Health Organization (WHO), and the movement was characterized by public rallies awareness campaigns (2022).
There is still a lot of work to do, and it is on-going, but I would say that the strides that have been made in the area of HIV and AIDS. The CDC records that annual infections in the U.S. have been reduced by more than two-thirds since the height of the epidemic in the mid-1980s. “Further, CDC estimates of annual HIV infections in the United States show hopeful signs of progress in recent years. CDC estimates show new HIV infections declined 8% from 37,800 in 2015 to 34,800 in 2019, after a period of general stability” (2021). I do believe that these reductions in the incidence of HIV and subsequent AIDS are due to the many advances that have been made in testing and treatment.
Discuss characteristic findings of immune dysfunction for either hypersensitivity reactions or AIDS NRS 410 REFERENCES
Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). HIV in the United States and dependent areas. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/overview/ataglance.html#:~:text=In%202019%2C%2036%2C801%20peoplea,(US)%20and%20dependent%20areas.&text=From%202015%20to%202019%2C%20HIV,the%20US%20and%20dependent%20areas.
The World Health Organization. (2022). Why the HIV epidemic is not over. https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/why-the-hiv-epidemic-is-not-over
Discuss characteristic findings of immune dysfunction for either hypersensitivity reactions or AIDS NRS 410 Grading Rubric
Performance Category | 100% or highest level of performance
100% 16 points |
Very good or high level of performance
88% 14 points |
Acceptable level of performance
81% 13 points |
Inadequate demonstration of expectations
68% 11 points |
Deficient level of performance
56% 9 points
|
Failing level
of performance 55% or less 0 points |
Total Points Possible= 50 | 16 Points | 14 Points | 13 Points | 11 Points | 9 Points | 0 Points |
Scholarliness
Demonstrates achievement of scholarly inquiry for professional and academic topics. |
Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in one of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in two of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in three or more of the following elements
|
16 Points | 14 Points | 13 Points | 11 Points | 9 Points | 0 Points | |
Application of Course Knowledge
Demonstrate the ability to analyze and apply principles, knowledge and information learned in the outside readings and relate them to real-life professional situations |
Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in one of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in two of the following elements:
|
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in three of the following elements
|
10 Points | 9 Points | 6 Points | 0 Points | |||
Interactive Dialogue
Initial post should be a minimum of 300 words (references do not count toward word count) The peer and instructor responses must be a minimum of 150 words each (references do not count toward word count) Responses are substantive and relate to the topic. |
Demonstrated all of the following:
|
Demonstrated 3 of the following:
|
Demonstrated 2 of the following:
|
Demonstrated 1 or less of the following:
|
||
8 Points | 7 Points | 6 Points | 5 Points | 4 Points | 0 Points | |
Grammar, Syntax, APA
Points deducted for improper grammar, syntax and APA style of writing. The source of information is the APA Manual 6th Edition Error is defined to be a unique APA error. Same type of error is only counted as one error. |
The following was present:
AND
AND
|
The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
|
The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
|
The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
|
The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
AND/OR
|
The following was present:
AND/OR
AND/OR
|
0 Points Deducted | 5 Points Lost | |||||
Participation
Requirements |
Demonstrated the following:
|
Failed to demonstrate the following:
|
||||
0 Points Lost | 5 Points Lost | |||||
Due Date Requirements | Demonstrated all of the following:
A minimum of one peer and one instructor responses are to be posted within the course no later than Sunday, 11:59 pm MT. |
Demonstrates one or less of the following.
A minimum of one peer and one instructor responses are to be posted within the course no later than Sunday, 11:59 pm MT. |