CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 NURS 6501

Sample Answer for CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 NURS 6501 Included After Question

An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in neurological and musculoskeletal systems is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment. For APRNs this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.

In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.

To prepare:

By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.

Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)

In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following:

• Both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes that would account for the patient presenting these symptoms.
• Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
• How these processes interact to affect the patient.

Day 7 of Week 8

Submit your Case Study Analysis Assignment by Day 7 of Week 8.

Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The sample paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “M5Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
• Click the Module 5 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
• Click the Module 5 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “M5Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 NURS 6501

Title: CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 NURS 6501

Concepts of Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders

The case analysis is based on a 67 years old man who presents to the HCP with chief complaints of arm tremors. The patient has some tremors in the leg. According to the son, the father was stiff, taking him longer to perform simple tasks. Based on a physical examination, the patient hand was at rest, and the fingers exhibited movement. He exhibited a mask-like appearance since his face was not mobile while his gaits were uneven. In addition, the patient shuffled when he walked while his knees and hips flexed forward. Therefore, he exhibited a cog wheeling movement. The patient also identified that he had extreme sweating when engaging in activities. The paper will provide the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic process based on the patient’s symptoms.

Neurological and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology Processes

The patient is diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease affects movement; thus, a progressive nervous system disorder (McCance & Huether, 2019). Therefore, Parkinson’s disease is caused by degeneration of the brain, causing the impairment or death of the neurons in the body (McCance & Huether, 2019). This leads to the depletion of dopamine due to the formation of the substantia nigra. Notably, when the neurons are normal, dopamine production takes place. Patients with Parkinson’s disease lack dopamine, which effectively improves the blood flow in the body (Taylor et al., 2020).
Therefore, the patient experienced tremors, stiffness, and difficulties walking due to dopamine insufficiency in the body. This shows that dopamine is effective in achieving smooth muscle movement. In addition, a patient with depleted dopamine is also likely to experience other nonmotor symptoms such as autonomic –neuroendocrine changes (Chung et al., 2018).

Moreover, patients who have Parkinson’s disease lose the nerve endings responsible for producing the norepinephrine. The chemical helps control the main function in the body, such as blood pressure and heart rate, thus a messenger to the sympathetic nervous system (Chung et al., 2018). The patient with Parkson’s has a brain cell that consists of Lewy bodies that impact the movement, mood, or behavior (Chung et al., 2018). Lewy bodies are abnormal clumped proteins that develop in the nerve cells and are located in the substantia nigra of a person’s brain.

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Racial/Ethnic Variables

Parkinson’s disease is common to neurodegenerative disease among the elderly. The large insurance database identifies that the most affected ethnicity is the Hispanic, with the highest incidence, followed by the black with the lowest (Hayes, 2019). Based on gender, males experience Parkinson’s disease more than women, while the number of patients diagnosed increases with age (McCance & Huether, 2019). The main reason for the increase in the risk of Parkinson’s among men is due to the toxicant exposure, head trauma, and the X linkage of the genetic risk factors (Hayes, 2019).

Interaction of the Processes

A patient with Parkinson’s disease suffers limited movement. This is due to degeneration of the basal ganglia, which causes a decline in level of dopamine that is inhibited in acetylcholine (Yaday & Kumar, 2022). However, levels of acetylcholine remain active, leading to imbalance in inhibitory neuronal activity and excitatory (Yaday & Kumar, 2022). Therefore, excess neurons cause the ability to generate the voltage of the rapid membrane, whose response is a very small stimulus.

Conclusion

Parkinson’s disease affects a person’s movement since it is a progressive nervous system disorder. Several factors increase the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease, including age, ethnicity, and gender. Men are most likely to suffer from the disease, which can also be hereditary. The early signs of the disease include tremors and trouble in movement.

References

Chung, S. J., Yoo, H. S., Oh, J. S., Kim, J. S., Ye, B. S., Sohn, Y. H., & Lee, P. H. (2018). Effect of striatal dopamine depletion on cognition in de novo Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 51, 43-48. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353802018301147 Hayes, M. T. (2019). Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism. The American journal of medicine, 132(7), 802-807. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002934319302359 McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier. Taylor, J. P., McKeith, I. G., Burn, D. J., Boeve, B. F., Weintraub, D., Bamford, C., … & T O’Brien, J. (2020). New evidence on the management of Lewy body dementia. The Lancet Neurology, 19(2), 157-169. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147444221930153X Yadav, D., & Kumar, P. (2022). Restoration and targeting of aberrant neurotransmitters in Parkinson’s disease therapeutics. Neurochemistry International, 105327. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197018622000523

A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 NURS 6501

Title: CASE STUDY ANALYSIS MODULE 5 NURS 6501

After analyzing the case study’s details, there is a strong likelihood that the symptoms are related to migraines. Migraine is a neurological disorder that can manifest itself in a variety of ways. Individuals who suffer from this ailment commonly have severe crippling headaches, tingling and numbness feelings, articulation difficulties, increased sound sensitivity, light sensitivity, vomiting, and nausea (Weatherspoon, 2017). Additionally, there is frequently a family history of migraine headaches if a patient’s family history is evaluated. Symptoms may linger for days or hours, and pain can occasionally interfere with daily activities. Certain individuals report experiencing aura during or before to the onset of a headache. Auras can manifest themselves in the form of blind spots, flashing lights, or even obstruction (Weatherspoon, 2017).

Variables of Racial/Ethnic Origin That May Affect Physiological Functioning

When examining the community of people who suffer from migraine headaches, distinct racial differences emerge. Migraines are slightly more prevalent among Caucasian women. Caucasian women account for 20% of migraine sufferers, whereas Asian Americans and African Americans account for 9% and 16%, respectively. Similar findings were discovered while investigating males with migraines (Tao, 2017), where Caucasians make up 8% of the population, whereas Asian Americans and African Americans make up 4% and 7%, respectively (Chawia, 2019). Additionally, studies have indicated that racial effects vary in terms of clinical symptoms. Vomiting and nausea were less common in African American migraine sufferers, but pain levels were much higher (Tao, 2017). African Americans, on the other hand, encountered less weak places. Additionally, research have proven that socioeconomic factors can be established in migraineurs. This is presumed to include healthcare access, lifestyle choices, and diets (Chawia, 2019). When racial disparities are addressed in conjunction with socioeconomic factors and genetic factors, it is believed that these factors have a direct effect on the diagnosis of migraine headaches. NURS 6501 Module 5 Assignment Analyze a Case Study

Process Interactions Impacting Patient

Migraine studies tend to leave numerous research gaps as to why patients suffering from migraines present symptoms that are so different. Alterations in brainstem connections involving the trigeminal nerve have been reported to be associated with migraine headaches. Further studies reveal that there is a link associated with brain chemical imbalance involving mostly calcitonin gene-related peptides and serotonin (Chawai, 2019).

Grading Rubric

Performance Category	100% or highest level of performance 100% 16 points	Very good or high level of performance 88% 14 points	Acceptable level of performance 81% 13 points	Inadequate demonstration of expectations 68% 11 points	Deficient level of performance 56% 9 points	Failing level of performance 55% or less 0 points
Total Points Possible= 50	16 Points	14 Points	13 Points	11 Points	9 Points	0 Points
Scholarliness Demonstrates achievement of scholarly inquiry for professional and academic topics.	Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements: Provides evidence of scholarly inquiry relevant to required TD topic(s). Presents specific information from scholarly sources to develop a comprehensive presentation of facts. Uses at least one outside scholarly reference that is relevant, less than 5 years old (use of older references requires instructor permission) and reliable for the required topic.* Uses in-text citation and full reference at end of posting when presenting another person’s thoughts as quotes or paraphrase of information.	Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements: Provides evidence of scholarly inquiry relevant to required TD topic(s). Presents specific information from scholarly sources to develop a comprehensive presentation of facts. Uses at least one outside scholarly reference that is relevant, less than 5 years old (use of older references requires instructor permission) and reliable for the required topic.* Uses in-text citation and full reference at end of posting when presenting another person’s thoughts as quotes or paraphrase of information.	Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in all of the following elements: Provides evidence of scholarly inquiry relevant to required TD topic(s). Presents specific information from scholarly sources to develop a comprehensive presentation of facts. Uses at least one outside scholarly reference that is relevant, less than 5 years old (use of older references requires instructor permission) and reliable for the required topic.* Uses in-text citation and full reference at end of posting when presenting another person’s thoughts as quotes or paraphrase of information.	Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in one of the following elements: Provides evidence of scholarly inquiry relevant to required TD topic(s). Presents specific information from scholarly sources to develop a comprehensive presentation of facts. Uses at least one outside scholarly reference that is relevant, less than 5 years old (use of older references requires instructor permission) and reliable for the required topic.* Uses in-text citation and full reference at end of posting when presenting another person’s thoughts as quotes or paraphrase of information.	Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in two of the following elements: Provides evidence of scholarly inquiry relevant to required TD topic(s). Presents specific information from scholarly sources to develop a comprehensive presentation of facts. Uses at least one outside scholarly reference that is relevant, less than 5 years old (use of older references requires instructor permission) and reliable for the required topic.* Uses in-text citation and full reference at end of posting when presenting another person’s thoughts as quotes or paraphrase of information.	Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in three or more of the following elements Provides evidence of scholarly inquiry relevant to required TD topic(s). Presents specific information from scholarly sources to develop a comprehensive presentation of facts. Uses at least one outside scholarly reference that is relevant, less than 5 years old (use of older references requires instructor permission) and reliable for the required topic.* Uses in-text citation and full reference at end of posting when presenting another person’s thoughts as quotes or paraphrase of information
	16 Points	14 Points	13 Points	11 Points	9 Points	0 Points
Application of Course Knowledge Demonstrate the ability to analyze and apply principles, knowledge and information learned in the outside readings and relate them to real-life professional situations	Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements: Applies principles, knowledge and information from scholarly resources to the required topic. Applies facts, principles or concepts learned from scholarly resources to a professional experience. Application of information is comprehensive and specific to the required topic.	Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements: Applies principles, knowledge and information from scholarly resources to the required topic. Applies facts, principles or concepts learned from scholarly resources to a professional experience. Application of information is comprehensive and specific to the required topic.	Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all of the following elements: Applies principles, knowledge and information from scholarly resources to the required topic. Applies facts, principles or concepts learned from scholarly resources to a professional experience. Application of information is comprehensive and specific to the required topic.	Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in one of the following elements: Applies principles, knowledge and information from scholarly resources to the required topic. Applies facts, principles or concepts learned from and scholarly resources to a professional experience. Application of information is comprehensive and specific to the required topic.	Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in two of the following elements: Applies principles, knowledge and information from scholarly resources to the required topic. Applies facts, principles or concepts learned from scholarly resources to a professional experience. Application of information is comprehensive and specific to the required topic.	Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in three of the following elements Applies principles, knowledge and information and scholarly resources to the required topic. Applies facts, principles or concepts learned scholarly resources to a professional experience. Application of information is comprehensive and specific to the required topic.
	10 Points	9 Points			6 Points	0 Points
Interactive Dialogue Initial post should be a minimum of 300 words (references do not count toward word count) The peer and instructor responses must be a minimum of 150 words each (references do not count toward word count) Responses are substantive and relate to the topic.	Demonstrated all of the following: Initial post must be a minimum of 300 words. The peer and instructor responses must be a minimum of 150 words each. Responses are substantive Responses are related to the topic of discussion.	Demonstrated 3 of the following: Initial post must be a minimum of 300 words. The peer and instructor responses must be a minimum of 150 words each. Responses are substantive Responses are related to the topic of discussion.			Demonstrated 2 of the following: Initial post must be a minimum of 300 words. The peer and instructor responses must be a minimum of 150 words each. Responses are substantive Responses are related to the topic of discussion.	Demonstrated 1 or less of the following: Initial post must be a minimum of 300 words. The peer and instructor responses must be a minimum of 150 words each. Responses are substantive Responses are related to the topic of discussion.
	8 Points	7 Points	6 Points	5 Points	4 Points	0 Points
Grammar, Syntax, APA Points deducted for improper grammar, syntax and APA style of writing. The source of information is the APA Manual 6th Edition Error is defined to be a unique APA error. Same type of error is only counted as one error.	The following was present: 0-3 errors in APA format AND Responses have 0-3 grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors AND Writing style is generally clear, focused on topic,and facilitates communication.	The following was present: 4-6 errors in APA format. AND/OR Responses have 4-5 grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors AND/OR Writing style is somewhat focused on topic.	The following was present: 7-9 errors in APA format. AND/OR Responses have 6-7 grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors AND/OR Writing style is slightly focused on topic making discussion difficult to understand.	The following was present: 10- 12 errors in APA format AND/OR Responses have 8-9 grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors AND/OR Writing style is not focused on topic, making discussion difficult to understand.	The following was present: 13 – 15 errors in APA format AND/OR Responses have 8-10 grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors AND/OR Writing style is not focused on topic, making discussion difficult to understand. AND/OR The student continues to make repeated mistakes in any of the above areas after written correction by the instructor.	The following was present: 16 to greater errors in APA format. AND/OR Responses have more than 10 grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors. AND/OR Writing style does not facilitate communication
	0 Points Deducted					5 Points Lost
Participation Requirements	Demonstrated the following: Initial, peer, and faculty postings were made on 3 separate days					Failed to demonstrate the following: Initial, peer, and faculty postings were made on 3 separate days
	0 Points Lost					5 Points Lost
Due Date Requirements	Demonstrated all of the following: The initial posting to the graded threaded discussion topic is posted within the course no later than Wednesday, 11:59 pm MT. A minimum of one peer and one instructor responses are to be posted within the course no later than Sunday, 11:59 pm MT.					Demonstrates one or less of the following. The initial posting to the graded threaded discussion topic is posted within the course no later than Wednesday, 11:59 pm MT. A minimum of one peer and one instructor responses are to be posted within the course no later than Sunday, 11:59 pm MT.