BIOL 103 You must post a personal response to the discussion

Description

What is required is two classmate responses, both classmates initial post is in the attachments and below is in reference to this weeks discussion.

You must comment on one classmate’s personal response to the discussion. As part of your comment, search for and include a link to a video tutorial or web-site that helps you and your classmates’ better understand enzymes. Your comment on a classmate’s personal response to the discussion must be substantive comment that contributes to their learning. The comment must be a minimum of 100 words.

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In addition to being essential within living organisms, enzymes are also used in many of the products we use! Check your cleaning supplies at home, do any of them list enzymes on the ingredient list? If so, does it say which type of enzyme? Do any of the other products you use contain enzymes? What type of enzymes are used in industry? Which enzymes are found in the food we eat?

Personal Response: You must post a personal response to the discussion. Your personal response is worth a total of 22 points. After doing some research, choose and describe one enzyme that is used in cleaning products, other products, industrial procedures or that is found in food. Explain how this enzyme is used. What is the substrate in the enzyme-facilitated chemical reaction? And what is the product(s) in the enzyme-facilitated chemical reaction? Remember that a chemical reaction converts one or more substrates to one or more products, and that most enzymes are substrate specific. When looking for enzymes remember that their names end with -ase!

BIOL 103 Week 4 Classmate Fernando I use a digestive supplement in the form of a pill to help with my gluten allergy. The supplement pill contains an engineered digestive enzyme called Tolerase G, which is specifically designed to target and break down prolite-rich proteins, usually found in grains and cereals such as barley, wheat, and rye, which can be very difficult to digest by the human body, and in my case cause severe allergic reactions. Tolerase G, which contains Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase, a type of naturally occurring mold, was shown to digest and degrade a-gliadin, a component of gluten and a class of protein present in wheat and several other kinds of cereal by cleaving the C-terminal peptide bond of proline-rich protein into pieces, before entering the small intestine, making it easier to process by the human digestive system. The enzyme cuts the protein into peptides and amino acids, which can then be absorbed into the gut. References: Silver Fern (2023). Gluten Comfort – Tolerase G, HOW IT WORKS. https://www.silverfernbrand.com/products/gluten-relief Tanner (2021). School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.784850 Science Direct (2021). Effective separation of prolyl endopeptidase from Aspergillus Niger by aqueous two phase system and its characterization and application https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0141813020352909 Metagenics Institute (2023). A. niger Prolyl Endoprotease (AN-PEP) Enzyme: Research Review https://www.metagenicsinstitute.com/ce-education/clinical-tools/niger-prolyl-endoprotease-pepenzyme-research-review/ BIOL Week 4 Classmate Ricardo Cellulase is a class of enzymes produced by the fungi bacteria and protozoans that generate cellulolysis. Cellulases are extremely important enzymes both industrially and in the natural world, because they play a major role in the global carbon cycle by degrading insoluble cellulose to soluble sugars. Cellulases are the most diverse class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a single substrate, because there are seven different protein folds among the ten true cellulase families. There are three types of cellulases, endoglucanases, exocellulases, and processive endoglucanases, which have different modes of action and different structures. In common with other enzymes that hydrolyze insoluble substrates, most cellulases contain a substrate-binding domain and a catalytic domain (CD). Endocellulase breaks down internal bonds, thus it interrupts the cellulose’s crystalline structure, causing the exposure of cellulose polysaccharide chains. Exocellulase continues the process of endocellulase by splitting the ends of the particular chains into maximum 4 units. That’s how disaccharides or tetrasaccharides like the cellobiose appear. Exocellulases can be found in 2 forms: CBHII acts at the nonreducing cellulose end and the CBHI acts at the reducing end. Humans and other animals, besides ruminants, cannot generate cellulase. Thus, they can break it down only partially by using fermentation and they are not able to utilize the energy from the fibrous plants. So, whenever people eat plants, they actually ingest plant cells, fibrous cell walls and the cellulose from them. Since they are not able to produce the enzyme called cellulase, the fibers are digested by the flora from the large intestine through fermentation. However, this particular mechanism breaks down only some plant fibers. The others are eliminated from the body. Unlike humans, the cows have large amounts of microbes that digest cellulose and break down hay and grass. Thus, they take their overall energy only by ingesting grass. Therefore, in order to digest properly the herbs, sprouts and greens, people need cellulase. This enzyme is naturally generated by bacteria, protozoa and symbiotic fungi. They can break cellulose. Cellulase enzymes differ according to their pH activity. Some of them are beneficial when working in a neutral or acidic environment, while others work best in alkaline environments. D.B. Wilson, in Encyclopedia of Microbiology (Third Edition), 2009 www.medicalpublications.org world of enzymes and probiotics | the complete information provider on enzymes and probiotics

Grid View

	Excellent	Good	Fair	Poor
Main Postinga	45 (45%) – 50 (50%) Answers all parts of the discussion question(s) expectations with reflective critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources. Supported by at least three current, credible sources. Written clearly and concisely with no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.	40 (40%) – 44 (44%) Responds to the discussion question(s) and is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. At least 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth. Supported by at least three credible sources. Written clearly and concisely with one or no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.	35 (35%) – 39 (39%) Responds to some of the discussion question(s). One or two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed. Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. Post is cited with two credible sources. Written somewhat concisely; may contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors. Contains some APA formatting errors.	0 (0%) – 34 (34%) Does not respond to the discussion question(s) adequately. Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria. Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. Contains only one or no credible sources. Not written clearly or concisely. Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors. Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style.
Main Post: Timeliness	10 (10%) – 10 (10%) Posts main post by day 3.	0 (0%) – 0 (0%)	0 (0%) – 0 (0%)	0 (0%) – 0 (0%) Does not post by day 3.
First Response	17 (17%) – 18 (18%) Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings. Responds fully to questions posed by faculty. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources. Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.	15 (15%) – 16 (16%) Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings. Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.	13 (13%) – 14 (14%) Response is on topic and may have some depth. Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication. Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.	0 (0%) – 12 (12%) Response may not be on topic and lacks depth. Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication. Responses to faculty questions are missing. No credible sources are cited.
Second Response	16 (16%) – 17 (17%) Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings. Responds fully to questions posed by faculty. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources. Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.	14 (14%) – 15 (15%) Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings. Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.	12 (12%) – 13 (13%) Response is on topic and may have some depth. Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication. Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.	0 (0%) – 11 (11%) Response may not be on topic and lacks depth. Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication. Responses to faculty questions are missing. No credible sources are cited.
Participation	5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Meets requirements for participation by posting on three different days.	0 (0%) – 0 (0%)	0 (0%) – 0 (0%)	0 (0%) – 0 (0%) Does not meet requirements for participation by posting on 3 different days.
Total Points: 100