Benchmark Assignment Part B: Literature Review Yadimp Essay

Benchmark Assignment Part B: Literature Review Yadimp Essay

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: Benchmark Assignment Part B: Literature Review Yadimp Essay

Title: Benchmark Assignment Part B: Literature Review Yadimp Essay

Benchmark Assignment Part B  Literature Review Yadimp Essay

Introduction

Posttraumatic stress disorder is a major public health concern. Furthermore, the condition has been recently implicated in obesity and other metabolic dysfunctions. The increasing incidences of obesity among veterans with PSTD continue to pose a tremendous threat to the realization of goals in the Healthy People Act. Currently, it is estimated that about a third of the U.S population present with obesity and PSTD has been proven to be a predictor of obesity. The study conducted by Kubzansky et al. (2014) focused on the prevalence of PSTD and obesity among the veterans in Afghanistan. Based on the study, it was apparent that the other complications associated with PSTD include high blood pressure and another metabolic syndrome. Presence of obesity among the PTSD patients leads to poor prognosis and increases the health burdens as well as medication costs.

Methodology

This section analyzes the existing studies conducted to explore the association between obesity and PSTD and how the co-morbidity affects the treatment outcomes among the veterans with PSTD. The review will focus on the studies published below five years ago. Based on the analysis, a deeper understanding of the relevance of the current study will be established. Furthermore, the existing gaps in the treatment and management of PSTD among the veterans will be explored. The articles were obtained from various scientific journals including PubMed, Sage, Google Scholars, and NCBI among others. The key terms used in the article search included PSTD, obesity and weight gain. Furthermore, a critical appraisal was conducted among the 20 selected articles. Finally, a total of seven articles that met the appraisal requirement were used in the literature review.

Synthesis of Literature

Part A: Main Components of Each Article

According to Masodkar, Johnson and Peterson (2016), there are no therapies for treating PSTD-associated obesity and this means that the realization of effective treatment and recovery of the veterans with PSTD is limited. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of obesity among PSTD patients is important in guiding the development of effective treatment strategies. The article is limited to the inefficiencies in the management of PSTD; though, does not provide a clear outline on how the issue can be addressed. However, based on the article, the burden of the problem in the PICOT statement can be explored.

Similarly, Scherrer et al. (2018) report that the possible modulators of the interaction between obesity and PSTD include alterations in the control of appetite hormone, altered neural and cognitive changes and disruptions in the inflammatory markers. The research findings in the study are consistent with the findings in the studies conducted by Masodkar, Johnson and Peterson (2016), which show that PSTD increases the risks of development of the metabolic syndrome and obesity. Developing programs that address the weight gain among the PSTD patients would thus serve as an important part and intervention in the management of PSTD among the veterans. On the other hand, the sample population recruited in this study was limited and thus unreliable. The article will be used in understanding the role of weight management in PSTD treatment as outlined in the PICOT question.

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According to Dorflinger, Ruser and Masheb (2017), PSTD results from a traumatic experience and results in chronic stress conditions which may promote weight gain. Furthermore, the study indicated that the prevalence of PSTD tends to be high among veteran

women compared to their male counterparts. In as much as various approaches are used in the management of PSTD among the veterans, there is a great necessity to improve the treatment process to facilitate quick recovery. The proposed measure, in this case, aims at expediting the recovery process among the veterans with PSTD and eventually reducing the time taken for them to fully normalize and re-integrate to their work. Various study findings show that there is a strong correlation between PSTD and development of obesity among the veterans. The veteran populations are an important target group because they are vulnerable to PSTD due to traumatic and stressful experiences they undergo in the course of work. An association between PSTD and weight gain among the veterans is an important topic worth exploring since it helps in guiding the process of designing treatment measures and management of veterans with PSTD. However, a large sample population should be recruited in the current study because the existing studies are vulnerable to bias due to limited sample population.

Batch et al. (2017) explored the factors contributing to weight changes among the veterans. A total 62,822 study participants were recruited and the intervention developed was the Motivating Overweight/Obese Veteran Everywhere (MOVE) program. The findings from the study indicated that the effectiveness of such programs in the management of PSTD differed by gender with women reporting lower symptoms of PSTD compared to the males. By average, the weight loss was 5% of the total weight and this provides vital data for the PICOT analysis. However, the study failed to outline the criteria used in diagnosing PSTD despite the sample population being sufficient.

Furthermore, Hoerster, et al. (2015) employed quantitative research in exploring the risk factors of obesity among the veterans in the US and Iraq presenting with PSTD. Data used in the study were collected from the VA Puget Sound Healthcare System and the recruitment of the sample used was based on the PSTD checklist. The study reported that 16.3% of the patients were positively diagnosed with depression and out of this, 37.8% tested positive of PSTD with 8.4 having binge eating disorders (Hoerster, et al., 2015). Based on the research findings, it was concluded that PSTD and depression and strongly associated with a binge. Addressing the issue of obesity among patients with PSTD would result in improved treatment outcomes for the targeted population.

Part B: Compare and Contrast the Articles

The various studies explored in this review analyze the role of PSTD in obesity development; though, they fail to respond completely to the PICOT question. According to the study conducted by Klingaman et al. (2016) and Klingaman et al. (2016), it was evident that the Veterans with PSTD significantly benefit from the weight reduction programs compared to those who do not present with PSTD symptoms. The findings in these studies are similar to what was reported by Masodkar, Johnson and Peterson (2016). However, there is need to explore further the need to integrate a comprehensive intervention aiming at promoting weight reduction in the course of treating veterans with PSTD. Evidence-based care approaches are developed to promote the patient’s wellbeing and this becomes more effective when patient-centered approaches are engaged. Based on the review findings, introducing the weight reduction programs can significantly reduce the PSTD symptoms among the veteran especially when they have both obesity and PSTD (Klingaman et al., 2016). The findings from these studies provide preliminary backgrounds for addressing the issue of obesity and PSTD among the veterans. The impacts of PSTD are severe in case they are not managed in time. Engaging a comprehensive treatment framework that incorporates both the pharmacotherapy and weight reduction programs are essential and these would help reduce the gaps existing in the treatment process and management of veterans with PSTD.

Areas of Further Studies

Furthermore, Kubzansky, Bordelois, Jun, Roberts, Cerda, Bluestone and Koenen (2014) conducted a study to analyze the role of obesity in the treatment outcomes of the patients with PSTD. The study involved a prospective design where patients initiated on the PSTD treatment in 1989 were followed up until 2005. The symptoms of PSTD were measured and recorded accordingly. Weight gain was determined using the body mass index which was calculated as weight in kilograms. The study findings indicated that obesity among the PSTD resulted in poor treatment outcomes. Therefore, clinicians should be keen to address the weight issues among PSTD patients. Similar findings were obtained by Masodkar, Johnson and Peterson (2016) who reviewed the role of the correlation between obesity and PSTD and how the co-morbidity affects the effectiveness of treatment interventions developed for PSTD. The current study focuses on exploring the effectiveness of the weight reduction programs as part of the treatment and management interventions for PSTD disorder. There is sufficient evidence from the existing pieces of literature that integration of the weight management programs in the treatment of PSTD results in good prognosis; however, no practical demonstration has been done to confirm this.  Considering that soldiers are at high risk of developing complications associated with obesity; developing effective measures to address all their health needs is critical and this will result in enhanced re-integration into the society. Thus, a need exists to examine the nature of these interventions and how they can be deployed to help the veteran population, particularly those with PTSD symptomatology.

In Part A, you described the population and quality initiative related to your PICOT (Population/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time to achieve the outcome) statement. In this assignment, you will formalize your PICOT and research process.

Use the GCU Library to perform a search for peer-reviewed research articles. Find five peer-reviewed primary source translational research articles.

In a paper of 1,250-1,500 words, synthesize the research into a literature review. The literature review should provide an overview for the reader that illustrates the research related to your particular PICOT. Include the following:

Introduction: Describe the clinical issue or problem In a paper of 1,250-1,500 words, synthesize the research into a literature review. The literature review should provide an overview for the reader that illustrates the research related to your particular PICOT. you are addressing.
Methods: Describe the criteria you used in choosing your articles
Synthesize the Literature: Part A: Discuss the main components of each article (subjects, methods, key findings) and provide rationale for how this supports your PICOT; Part B: Compare and contrast the articles: Discuss limitations, controversies, and similarities/differences of the studies.
Areas of Further Study: Analyze the evidence presented in your articles to identify what is known, unknown, and requires further study.

You are required to cite five to 10 sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

For assignments that need to be submitted to Lopes Write, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.

Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.

Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?

Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.

Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.

If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.

I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.

As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.

Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.

Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• Student paper example
• Citing Sources
• The Writing Center is a great resource