Assignment: Using Exercise to Help Improve Teenage Depression

Assignment: Using Exercise to Help Improve Teenage Depression

Assignment Using Exercise to Help Improve Teenage Depression

 

Untreated depression in teenagers may result in suicide. A report by Kroning and Kroning (2016) outline that approximately 5% of teens and children have depression at any given time. Depression result in problems like school difficulties, reduced enjoyment of life and difficulty in handling relationships. It has been ranked as one of the leading causes of death among teens in the United States. This paper aims at defining teen depression, outline its epidemiology, clinical presentations, complications, and diagnosis. The paper will also offer a PICOT question.

Defining Teen Depression

Defining depression among teens can only be done by examining the various forms it takes. In teenagers, depression occurs in four different forms. The first one is adjustment disorder with depressed mood which occurs as a response to a life event (Zuckerbrot et al., 2018). A reaction to a school transfer or death of someone dear triggers the adjustment disorder. The symptoms begin a few months after the event and last for six months. The disease interferes with sleep, schoolwork and social functioning. The second form is dysthymia which lasts for more than a year. It presents as irritability, low energy, low self-esteem and a feeling of hopelessness. Four out of every 100 teens qualify for dysthymia and it interferes with learning, socialization and overall function (Zuckerbrot et al., 2018). The third form is a bipolar disorder that presents as episodes of depression followed by periods of mania. The disease increases the likelihood of engaging in risky behavior and it causes mood problems that impair daily functioning, education, and friendships. The last form is a severe major depression. Statistics reveal that 8 percent of teens meet the criteria for the disease (Zuckerbrot et al., 2018). Affected teens have persistent sadness and irritability, suicidal ideation and lack of interest in previously enjoyed activities.

Epidemiology

Depression among children is below 1% but it rises substantially throughout adolescence. The increased level of depression after

puberty is linked to pronounced biological and social changes. According to Breslau et al., (2018), the contributor to depression among teens are puberty and brain and cognitive maturation. The teens face an increased social understanding and self-awareness, increased reported stress levels, and changes in brain circuits dealing with danger and reward responses. The rate of depression increases from 5% to 20% as the teens approach late adolescence (Breslau et al., 2018). Although not consistent, research indicates that depression levels may be slightly higher in low-income and middle-income countries. A unique feature in teen depression is a strong female preponderance. The females face hormonal changes which suggest that depression in puberty can be associated with hormone-brain relations. The estrogen in girls increases the stress levels which in turn sensitize the brain to the harmful effects of stress.

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Clinical Presentation

Most depressed teens are sad, primarily irritated and unstable and have emotional outbursts and anger. Research outlines that 80% of depressed teenagers have irritable mood, reduced energy, apathy, psychomotor retardation, marked lack of interest, sleep disorders like oversleeping, feelings of guilt and hopelessness, changes in appetite and weight, difficulty concentrating and isolation (Kroning & Kroning, 2016). Additionally, depression among teens results in poor school performance, suicidal ideation and attempts, low-self-esteem and serious behavioral problems like drug use and abusive alcohol. Generally, the most prevalent symptoms among this group are depressed mood, difficulties in thinking and sleep disorders whereas the most stable symptoms are anhedonia and depressed mood.

 

Complications

Complications arise when depression among teenagers is not managed. The most prevalent risk is the potential for suicide.  Research outlines that depression is linked to 90% of complete suicide that results due to a psychiatric illness (Kroning & Kroning, 2016). Those who do not contemplate suicide do not fulfill developmental tasks like learning in school, establishing independence, dating, finding a first job or thinking about long term plans. Depression is associated with lack of motivation, decreased concentration, and low energy and thus teenagers suffering from depression perform dismally in school (Garber et al., 2018). Lastly, teenagers may experiment with alcohol or drugs to handle the miserable feeling brought by depression. They may also adopt destructive behaviors like self-injury, binge eating, and purging.

Diagnosis

To diagnose teen depression, one has to look for five or more symptoms that must last for at least two weeks (Zuckerbrot et al., 2018). The first one is a change in mood or loss of interest in usual activities. Secondly, the symptoms should cause significant distress or impairment in emotional, academic and social functioning.  Emotionally teens may cry excessively or become irritable, socially they may withdraw from family and friends or shift in their social network while academically they may perform poorly in school or take longer before completing their school word.

Assignment: Using Exercise to Help Improve Teenage Depression Conclusion

Depression among teen occurs as either adjustment disorder with depressed mood, dysthymia, bipolar disorder or major depression. The disease results due to pronounced biological and social changes and it tend to affect girls mostly. Teens present with sadness, irritability and emotional outbursts and failure to manage these symptoms increase suicide occurrence. One has to look at least five symptoms that last for two weeks to make a clear diagnosis of the disease.

PICOT Statement

Among depressed teens in the urban area,  is the use of exercise therapy in comparison to bibliotherapy result in better disease remission within six months.

3- page paper that will explore the background of your issue. For paper #1 you will be defining this issue or disease using the literature. The parts of your paper should include:

Introduction
Definition
Epidemiology
Clinical Presentation
Complications
Diagnosis
Conclusion with PICOT Question

For assignments that need to be submitted to Lopes Write, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.

Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.

Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?

Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.

Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.

If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.

I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.

As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.

Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.

Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• Student paper example
• Citing Sources
• The Writing Center is a great resource