Assignment: Prophylactic Hysterectomy Essay

Assignment: Prophylactic Hysterectomy Essay

Assignment  Prophylactic Hysterectomy Essay

 

The lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer is approximated at 1-2%. Family history is a major risk for the development of ovarian cancer. In most cases, the family links are associated with genetic inheritance; therefore, increasing the genetic composition to the diseases resulted in the creation of its registry. Various measures have been developed to minimize the incidences of ovarian cancer and some of them include increasing surveillance and use of pelvic ultrasound among others. The study conducted by Villella, Parmar, Donohue, Fahey, Piver, & Rodabaugh (2006) aimed at analyzing the current recommendations for the risk reduction of ovarian cancer. The use of prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for high-risk women is highly recommended. On the other hand, controversies have been linked to the practice with the main question being ‘‘is hysterectomy necessarily and prophylactic surgery?’’ Therefore, the study aimed at determining the outcomes of the women who underwent the hysterectomy as part of their initial procedure.

According to the study findings, the major factor affecting the women at risk of developing ovarian or breast cancer is the identification of the measures to use in their reduction (Villella et al., 2006). Cancer is highly lethal with a high rate of mortality. Therefore, developing appropriate preventive and management measures would help significantly in reducing the mortality rate. The carriers of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are at lifetime risk of developing the two cancers. Also, women carrying the two germline mutations may decide to undertake the prophylactic oophorectomy as a way of reducing their risk of developing ovarian and breast cancers (Villella et al., 2006).

The extent of surgery remains a major debate considering that some authors believe that the addition of the hysterectomy to the BSO will eliminate the need of having a gynecological surgery in the future. Additionally, hysterectomy has been recommended by some scholars due to its ability to reduce the risk of developing endometrial cancer (Villella et al., 2006). Also, the procedure has been associated with the reduction of risk of developing fallopian tube cancer. On the other hand, the opponents to the procedure claims that carcinoma of the fallopian tube is part of the clinical spectrum and thus there is no need of preventing future malignancies through the hysterectomy.

The study findings, in this case, indicated that while women may not require a hysterectomy for the fallopian tube and ovarian cancers, it is necessary that they are screened for benign gynecological indications that may require the procedure (Villella, et al. 2006). Therefore, in incorporating hysterectomy as part of the prophylaxis procedure, caution must be taken to distinct women with a family history of cancer.

From an ethical perspective, the issue on whether to integrate hysterectomy as a prophylactic procedure for fallopian and ovarian cancer continues to raise a lot of debates and opposing points of view. Therefore, does the procedure offer any beneficial outcomes to the patients? Various studies have shown that the procedure is necessary because it helps in the reduction of the risk of the fallopian tube and endometrial cancer in various ways (Pozgar, 2019). In exploring this ethical concern, both the pros and cons of the procedure must be considered and weighed.

Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS: Assignment: Prophylactic Hysterectomy Essay

According to the findings in the current study, there is no sufficient evidence to fully support the need for hysterectomy in preventing the development of fallopian tube cancer in women. Cancer development is triggered by various factors including the genetic

composition. Promoting public health is an important ethical obligation for al healthcare providers. Therefore, before undertaking any procedure, it is important to fully explore its short-term and long-term health implications to the patient. The main question, in this case, is whether the hysterectomy adds any value to the patients at risk of ovarian and breast cancer or not. Therefore, it is important to ascertain that the procedure will truly impact the patient positively by preventing the development of fallopian tube cancer and other cancers before initiating it.

Early screening and identification of ovarian cancer result in good health outcomes to the patients. Ovarian cancer is a deadly disease; therefore, having a proper diagnosis and screening measures would help significantly in reducing its associated morbidity and mortality among women. Women without a family history of ovarian cancer are not advised to undergo the screening tests unless they are enrolled in a clinical trial. However, with a family history are at high risk and can significantly benefit from the screening tests. The screening tests include checking for the CA 125 marker in the blood.

On the other hand, it is important to note that the marker may also be increased in women with uterine fibroid, endometriosis and pelvic infections. Apart from the test, a pelvic ultrasound can also be done to help in the screening (Siwek, 2016). Vaginal ultrasound can detect about 80% to 100% of the ovarian cancer cases (Siwek, 2016). The CA 125 marker tests does not cost much and thus suitable for the patients lacking health insurance. However, the patients may also be educated on the importance of enrolling for health insurance to enhance their ability to access health services in case they are diagnosed positive for ovarian cancer (Paluch-Shimon et al., 2016). Additionally, the education plan would involve encouraging the patients to use hormonal therapies as a way of reducing the menopausal associated risks.

For this assignment, you will review and reflect on the Prophylactic Hysterectomy article. This article can be applied to healthcare providers in the primary care and specialty settings. Discussion of the article is based on the course objectives and weekly content, which emphasize the core learning objectives for an evidence-based primary care curriculum. Throughout your nurse practitioner program, discussions are used to promote the development of clinical reasoning through the use of ongoing assessments and diagnostic skills, and to develop patient care plans that are grounded in the latest clinical guidelines and evidence-based practice.
Discuss any “take-away” thoughts from the article.
What are the ethical dilemmas to consider with prophylactic surgeries?
Discuss the screenings/interventions/options/education that you would provide to a patient that has a strong family history of ovarian cancer. What if the patient has no health insurance? What resources could you offer to assist the patient?

For assignments that need to be submitted to Lopes Write, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.

Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.

Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?

Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.

Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.

If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.

I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.

As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.

Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.

Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• Student paper example
• Citing Sources
• The Writing Center is a great resource