Assignment: Platelet Rich Plasma for Osteoarthritis of the Knees

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: Assignment: Platelet Rich Plasma for Osteoarthritis of the Knees

Title: Assignment: Platelet Rich Plasma for Osteoarthritis of the Knees

Assignment: Platelet Rich Plasma for Osteoarthritis of the Knees

Part 2: Research Article Chart

Criteria and Defining Characteristics Article 1: Buendía-López, D., Medina-Quirós, M., & Marín, M. Á. F. V. (2018). Clinical and radiographic comparison of a single LP-PRP injection, a single hyaluronic acid injection and daily NSAID administration with a 52-week follow-up: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 19(1), 3.
Article 2: Huang, Y., Liu, X., Xu, X., & Liu, J. (2019). Intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma, hyaluronic acid or corticosteroids for knee osteoarthritis. Der Orthopäde, 48(3), 239-247.
Article 3: Meheux, C. J., McCulloch, P. C., Lintner, D. M., Varner, K. E., & Harris, J. D. (2016). Efficacy of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma injections in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 32(3), 495-505.

Abstract

After reading the abstract what do you expect to learn from the article?

The purpose of the study was to explore the benefits of PRP injections in the management of OA as compared to the use of NSAIDS. A prospective randomized clinical trial was used with a total of 106 sample populations being recruited in the study, The study findings indicated that PRP was more effective compared to the use of NSAIDs in the treatment of OA.
The purpose of the study was to explore the efficacy of PRP injections in managing OA as compared to HA and the use of corticosteroids. A clinical trial study design was used and the findings indicated that PRP was better in reducing pain and other OA symptoms as compared to HA and CS.
The purpose of the study was to explore the efficacy of PRP in treating OA as compared to the use of NSAIDS. Literature review methodology was employed in the study and the results indicated that PRP was superior to the use of NSAIDs in the management of OA.

Introduction: Summarize the following in paragraph form.
• What is the purpose of the study?
• What is the scope of the study?
• What is the rational for the study?
• What is the hypothesis or research question?
• What key concepts and terms are noted?
• Is a review of the literature provided?

The purpose of the study was to explore the benefits of PRP injections in comparison to the NSAIDs and hyaluronic acid in the management of OA patients. The incidences of osteoarthritis (OA) continue to increase and cause devastating impacts on the patients such as degenerative joint disorder. There are existing treatment approaches and various studies have explored the usefulness of the oral NSAIDs and analgesics in the management of OA. The scope of the study was limited to analyzing the effectiveness of the PRP in comparison to the other existing treatment methods. In exploring this, a single LP-PRP injection was compared with the single HA injection and subsequent intake of the NSAIDs. The rationale for the study was that there is no existing literature comparing the clinical effectiveness of the PRP injection compared to the other existing remedies in the management of OA. Furthermore, the existing therapeutic interventions are not effective enough due to the increasing concerns associated with their safety aspects. The hypothesis in this study was that a single LP-PRP injection would result in improved Kellgren-Lawrence progression and responsiveness of the quantitative cartilage measures as compared to the single dose of HA and consequent use of NSAID from the baseline of 52 weeks. The key concepts in the study included knee osteoarthritis,

The hypothesis is the study is based on the preliminary findings from the literature reviews conducted on the previously conducted studies. According to Buendía-López, Medina-Quirós and Marín (2018), several studies have explored the effectiveness of the oral substances and symptomatic slow actions drugs with only limited studies exploring the role PRP in the treatment of OA.
The purpose of the study was to explore the efficacy of the intra-particular injection of the platelet-rich plasma in the management of early knee osteoarthritis. However, the studies scope went beyond analyzing the effectiveness of the RPR in the treatment of OA and furthermore explored the therapeutic implication of the combination of the therapy with other interventions such as hyaluronic acid. The scope of this study is to develop the most effective treatment measure for the knee osteoarthritis and limit the associated complication such as degenerative knee joint diseases. Therefore, the study was limited to the comparison of the platelet-rich plasma injection and the other treatment options including the HA and use of corticosteroids. By exploring the treatment options, the study provides useful recommendations that can be adopted to address the existing gaps in the treatment and management of KOA. The rationale for the study is that there is a growing burden of knee Osteoarthritis especially considering that there are emerging safety concerns and increased demand for the new effective technologies. Therefore, developing effective treatment options for the KOA will result in improved patients’ outcomes.
The hypothesis for the study was that the IA-PRP was superior to the HA and CS administration in the management of KOA patients. Therefore, the research questions were closely linked to the research hypothesis that aimed at establishing the differences between HA, PRP and CS efficacies in the management of OA.
The key concepts in the study included assessment, outcomes, visco-supplementation, multimodal treatment, and the visual analog scale. In exploring the problem statement, a literature review was conducted in the study to determine the relevance of the existing studies in the current study. According to Huang, Liu, Xu, and Liu (2019), KOA is a leading cause of pain and disability with no effective treatment option currently.
The purpose of the study was to explore the efficacy of the PRP injections in the OA treatment compared to the use of NSAIDs. The scope of the study was to determine whether PRP injections significantly improved the patient’s outcomes during the management of OA as compared to the use of the corticosteroids injections and the viscosupplementations. The rationale for the study was to develop a superior and effective method of treating and managing the OA that would result in significant improvement in the patients’ outcomes. The incidences of OA continues to increase and this calls for the development of effective treatment interventions that will reduce pain and suffering to the patients. In as much as there are existing treatment interventions, their effectiveness is not satisfactory and that is why studies are conducted to explore and develop the most effective and reliable interventions. The study hypothesized that PRP would more effective in reducing the OA symptoms as compared to HA and the use of NSAIDS. The key concepts in the study included symptomatic knee OA, postinjection, and patient-reported outcomes. Furthermore, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on the topic and this provided a solid background and research framework for this study.

Methods: Summarize the following in paragraph form.
• What is the population being sampled?
• What data collection procedure is presented?
• What other procedures are described?

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The study population included 106 patients screened with OA. The sample selection was randomly conducted with the eligibility criteria being symptomatic knee osteoarthritis as defined by the Spanish Society of Rheumatology. The study design involved a

prospective and randomized trial where the sample populations were followed up for a period of twelve months. Patients who presented with any deformity were excluded from the study. Additionally, patients with any history of recent trauma, inflammation, valgus deformity, use of corticosteroids, potent analgesics and NSAIDs were also excluded from the study. A total of 106 patients met the inclusion criteria and thus participated in the study.
The study involved a clinical trial and thus data collection was done by recording the patients’ presentations over time. The experimental interventions were initiated among the sample population with a total of 35 participants receiving the PRP therapy, 36 having the HA and 35 receiving the NSAIDS. Additionally, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and the visual analog scales were used in the experiment. The study involved a clinical trial where the sample population was randomly selected and subjected to the experimental interventions. Only patients with OA were included in the study; though, the criteria used in the diagnosis of the condition is not elaborated in the study. A total of 120 participants were recruited in the study and randomly grouped into three sets that received different interventions. The data collected from the participants were analyzed using the Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) score. The pain score for the patients in the HA, PRP and CS categories were analyzed and conclusion made.
The study involved a literature review where studies conducted on the treatment of symptomatic knee OA were selected from PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Sport and the SCOPUS. The search criteria used in the study included English language, level 1 evidence and the use of PRP in the treatment of OA compared to other options. A total of six articles were reviewed and this was estimated to a total of 739 patients being recruited in the study. The data were collected from the reviewed articles and the findings used to develop a conclusion for the study.

Results: Summarize the following in paragraph form.
• What are the given findings?
• How was data collected?
• Are the findings supported by graphs and charts?
• What does the analysis of data state? The data collected from the study were analyzed using the analysis of variance test. From the experimental outcomes, there was a significant decrease in the WOMAC pain among the patients who received PRP intervention. The proportion of the populations experiencing a decrease in the WOMAC pain each category were 48%, 21% and 5% for the PRP, HA, and NSAIDS respectively. Similarly, 45% of the people receiving PRP experienced a significant reduction in the WOMAC stiffness and WOMAC physical functions. The scores for the other two groups were 15% and 5% for HA and NSAIDS respectively. Moreover, the study used graphs and charts to present the data analysis results.

The experimental results indicated that the mean WOMAC score for the HA from the pretreatment to 12 months post-treatment were 47.23 and 30.64 respectively. Similar improvements were observed in the CS and PRP groups. However, the PRP group showed significantly lower scores after 6 to 12 months after treatment as compared to the other groups. The findings indicate that the PRP is more effective compared to the other treatment options. The findings indicated that PRP was more effective in pain management compared to HA and the use of NSAIDS. The post-treatment outcomes were measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. The scores for the PRP and HA were 52.36 and 52.05 respectively. Furthermore, the PRP was significantly better in terms of reducing the OA symptoms with 3 and 6 months as compared to HA and the use of NSAIDS.

Conclusion: Summarize in paragraph form.
• What is the summary of the study?
• What is the conclusion of the hypothesis?
• What are the questions for future research? The study explored the benefits of the PRP injections as compared to the use of NSAIDS in the management of OA. The results indicated that PRP is more effective than NSAIDS in managing OA and thus supports the hypothesis of the study. Future studies should consider exploring how the various treatment options can be integrated to develop a more effective intervention for PRP.
The purpose of the study was to determine whether PRP was more effective in the treatment and management of OA as compared to the use of corticosteroids and the HA. The clinical trial design was employed in the study and the findings indicated that PRP was more effective compared to HA and CS six months after treatment. Future studies should focus analyzing the impact of PRP content variations in the treatment outcome.
The purpose of the study was to explore the effectiveness of PRP in the treatment of OA in comparison to the other treatment options such as HA and the use of NSAIDS. The study involved a literature review where a total of six articles were analyzed. The results indicated that PRP was more effective as compared to the other options and thus confirming the study hypothesis. However, future studies still need to examine the effectiveness of these other methodologies.

Assignment: Platelet Rich Plasma for Osteoarthritis of the Knees References

• What are the total number of references used in the study?
• List two of the references used. The article used a total of 28 articles including:
a. van Tiel J, Reijman M, Bos PK, Hermans J, van Buul GM, Bron EE, Klein S, Verhaar JA, Krestin GP, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Weinans H, Kotek G, Oei EH. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) shows no change in cartilage structural composition after viscosupplementation in patients with early-stage knee osteoarthritis. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(11):e79785. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079785.
b. Youm J, Chan V, Belkora J, Bozic KJ. Impact of socioeconomic factors on informed decision making and treatment choice in patients with hip and knee OA. J Arthroplast. 2015;30(2):171–175. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2014.09.006. The article used 42 resources including:
a. Jang SJ, Kim JD, Cha SS (2013) Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections as an effective treatment for early osteoarthritis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 23(5):573–580
b. Hart R, Safi A, Komzák M, Jajtner P, Puskeiler M, Hartová P (2013) Platelet-rich plasma in patients with tibiofemoral cartilage degeneration. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 133(9):1295–1301 This article has 37 references including:
a. Braun, H.J., Kim, H.J., Chu, C.R., Dragoo, J.L. The effect of platelet-rich plasma formulations and blood products on human synoviocytes: implications for intra-articular injury and therapy. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42:1204–1210
b. Riddle, D.L., Jiranek, W.A., Hayes, C.W. Use of a validated algorithm to judge the appropriateness of total knee arthroplasty in the United States: a multicenter longitudinal cohort study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66:2134–2143

DNP 801 Assignment: Locate three empirical articles related to your PICOT question that meet all the criteria found on the \”Empirical Research Checklist\” resource. PICOT Question is: “Do patients with OA of the knees who received PRP joint injections compared to those patients who use NSAID’s, narcotics, steroid injections, and knee replacement therapy have a decrease in pain and an increase in joint mobility over a six month period?”

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Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
Include in-text citations in your response
Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
Follow APA-7th edition
Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
Follow APA 7th edition
Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
Here are some helpful links
Student paper example
Citing Sources
The Writing Center is a great resource