Assignment: PICOT Recycling Drugs

Assignment: PICOT Recycling Drugs

Sample Answer for Assignment: PICOT Recycling Drugs Included After Question

Section 2: Write your PICOT question below using the words listed above.
PICOT In families who need medication refill, does recycling drugs in nursing homes result in reduction in cost of medications when compared to non-recycling within a period of six months?

Section 3: Use your PICOT to develop a formalized problem statement. Use the example below to help formulate your problem statement.
As you move through the program, you will be building your project based on the PICOT question. Your problem statement, purpose statement, and clinical question(s) will be derived from the PICOT, though they are formatted differently. Use the instructions below as an initial exercise in visualizing how your problem and purpose statements might look. Read the instructions and then develop your problem and purpose statements in the designated fields below each instruction field
Problem Statement Format Instructions A well-written problem statement begins with the big picture of the issue (macro) and works to the small, narrower and more specific problem (micro). It clearly communicates the significance, magnitude, and importance of the problem and transitions into the Purpose of the Project with a declarative statement such as “It is not known if and to what degree/extent…” or “It is not known how/why and…”.
Other examples are:
While the literature indicates ____________, it is not known in _________. (organization/community) if __________.
It is not known how or to what extent ________________.

Problem Statement Medication wastage in the form of unused drugs is one of the challenges facing the health care organizations in the modern world. It is estimated that unused drugs cost states such as the US and UK about $5 billion on annual basis (Bekker et al., 2019). The high cost of unused medications is also transferred to the patients and their families. While wastages are reported, it does not result in the reduction of cost of medications for the patients and their families seeking care in health institutions. As shown by Bekker et al. (2017), families and patients continue to incur huge costs in acquiring medications due to the introduction of new and expensive drugs. Recycling drugs is one of the ways in which the issue of high cost of medications incurred by patients and families

can be solved. According to Bekker et al. (2019) and Toh and Chew (2017), recycling or re-dispensing unused medications could result in optimization of the use of healthcare resources. It could also lower the cost of purchasing the drugs since the purchasing cost by pharmacies and health organizations is reduced. According to Bekker et al. (2017), the reduction in healthcare budget with recycling of medications could lead to a substantial decline in the cost of medicines. While recycling promises to reduce the cost of drugs incurred by patients and their families, little has been done to determine its effectiveness in reducing costs incurred by these stakeholders (Bekker et al., 2017). Similarly, the existing evidence on the use of recycling of medications has largely focused on pharmacies and health organizations. Scarcity in evidence obtained from stakeholders such as the patients and their families exist (Bekker et al., 2019). Consequently, it is essential that a study focusing on the perception of the patients and families on the impacts of re-dispensing drugs on cost should be obtained to bridge the existing gap in evidence.

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Section 4: Based on your PICOT, create a declarative purpose statement. Use the example below as a reference.
Purpose Statement Format Instructions “The purpose of this project is….” Included in this statement are also the project design, population, variables (quantitative) to be studied, and the geographic location.

Creswell (2003) provided some sample templates for developing purpose statements aligned with the different project methods as follows:

The purpose of this quantitative ___________ (correlational, descriptive, etc.) project is to ____________ (compare or see to what degree a relationship exists) between/among ______________________ (independent variable) to ___________________ (dependent variable) for ________________ (participants) at ___________________ (project site/geographical location). The ________ (independent variable) will be defined/measured as/by _______ (provide a general definition). The (dependent variable) will be defined/measured as/by ______ (provide a general definition).

Purpose Statement The purpose of this quantitative descriptive project is to compare the cost of medications incurred by patients and their families when medications are re-dispensed and not re-dispensed in nursing homes in our state. The dependent variable will be measured by determining cost incurred in procuring drugs by the patients and their families while independent variable will be determined by re-dispensing or not re-dispensing drugs.

PICOT Selection Guidelines

P Population  Choose a population that you have access to through your chosen site.
 Avoid directly sampling a vulnerable population. If your project involves a vulnerable population, consider how else you might impact care delivery without including the vulnerable population in the direct design of your project.
 Make sure you can link the population to a direct practice improvement that can be measured through patient and practice outcomes.
 Ensure you are specific enough that the inclusion and exclusion criteria are evident.

I Intervention  Remember, your intervention must be based on a sufficient amount of evidence. Do not base education, interventions, or practices on a concept that is not well-supported in literature. You are to translate existing knowledge into practice through your application of the intervention.
 Look for valid and reliable tools for your intervention. Developing programs and instruments is a lengthy process that requires measures for validation. Seek to use programs and tools for which you can gain permission, permission to modify, or have built in-permissions.
 Be sure your intervention feasible. Will it create a financial burden on you? Will you be able to get buy-in from the site?

C Comparison  Determine how you can compare your intervention to a lack of the intervention or standard of care.
 Ensure you are able to measure what happens when you introduce your intervention as compared to when it is not introduced or before it was introduced.
O Outcome  Determine if your patient or population outcome can be objectively measured.
 Select an established, valid, and reliable tool for measurement.
T Timeline  Determine if you can complete the project in a meaningful way without a lengthy implementation and data collection period.
D Digital data  Does your pre-intervention data and post-intervention data measure the results of your intervention?
 Please ensure your data evaluates the results of the intervention.

Evidence-Based PICOT Question

Consider an advanced practice nursing care problem or issue related to your intended DPI Project. Conduct a search in the GCU Library using CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), OVID, or Sage Research Methods databases to find appropriate empirical resources regarding applicable nursing intervention research.
Directions:
Utilizing your feedback, you have received on your draft PICOT question from Topic 2 DQ1, create a draft PICOT question specifically related to your project. This PICOT will be revised and in Topic 8 will be submitted for review by the college.
Use the “PICOT Decision Pathway,” located in the DC Network, to determine if your PICOT question is appropriate and can be supported with substantial research.
Using the “PICOT Question Template,” located in the DC Network, formulate an EBP PICOT question that pertains to your project focus.
In addition to your evidence-based practice PICOT question, prepare a brief summary of your topic. Include a rationale for why you have selected this topic and why you believe it is in line with the PICOT selection guidelines. If you have selected a route that advises caution on the “PICOT Decision Pathway” explain how you think you might mitigate complications that could occur to ensure you are able to successfully accomplish your project in a timely manner.

My PICOT is about recycling drugs. Recycling with that can help or assist many family who cannot afford medication due the high of medication.
Many Nursing home today do not recycle medication.
Recycling medications in the United States have been estimated of $2 billion per year, exceeding the actual market value of the medication. This cost can be recycled back to million of our senior and families that can not afford the cost medication.
Law maker and Pharmacists can make an important impact on drug waste prevention by identifying various opportunities for intervention directed at medication prescribing, dispensing, monitoring, and destruction. If health care can Networking with Pharmacy and Nursing Home this will be a started to investigate an on- going problems how we waste and disposal of medications.

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For assignments that need to be submitted to Lopes Write, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.

Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.

Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?

Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.

Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.

If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.

I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.

As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.

Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.

Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• Student paper example
• Citing Sources
• The Writing Center is a great resource