Assignment: Developing and Intervention and Determining the Impact Essay
Assignment Developing and Intervention and Determining the Impact Essay
As shown earlier, the issue of obesity among school going children is one of the health concerns affecting a significant percentage of children in the US. It is therefore important that interventions that aim at preventing and reducing the health impacts of obesity be embraced in both public and private institutions. One of the proposed interventions that will be utilized in addressing the issue of obesity among school going children in the US is the use of a health program that targets the lifestyles and behaviors of this population. According to Liu et al. (2019), the high prevalence rate of obesity among school going children is mainly attributed to lifestyle behaviors. This includes aspects such as reduced physical activity, unhealthy eating habits, and level of awareness on the importance of healthy lifestyle among them. The use of healthy lifestyle intervention programs have been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of obesity among this population. As shown by Lloyd et al. (2018), the use of this approach is sustainable in school settings because it focuses not only on empowering the students but also the other educational stakeholders such as parents and teachers too. There is also a significant alignment between its use and the curriculum objectives of most of the institutions of learning globally.
Studies conducted in the past have demonstrated that the use of health programs that target lifestyle and behavioral change among the school-going children is effective in reducing the risks and health problems of obesity. One of these studies is the research by Lloyd et al. (2018) where Healthy Lifestyles Program was developed to address the problem of obesity among school going children in the UK. The researchers used participants from 32 schools where the intervention was administered to children aged between nine and ten years for a period of one year. The intervention comprised of activities that included active physical activity, drama sessions, and homework tasks that focused on healthy living, and goal setting to guide them on the process. The main outcome of focus in this research was change in the overall body mass index within the first 24 months of the study. The outcomes of the study revealed that the intervention resulted in a decrease in the mean of body mass index of the participants at the end of the study. However, they postulated that better outcomes might be achieved if the intervening variables are controlled (Lloyd et al., 2018).
The effectiveness of the proposed intervention can also be seen in systematic review performed by Ells et al. (2018). The authors explored different interventions that have been shown to be effective in preventing obesity among school going children, with those targeting healthy lifestyles and behaviors included. Studies that focused on lifestyle interventions were reviewed. They included those that focused on dietary modifications, behavioral change, and physical activity. The outcomes from studies that used children up to six years revealed that the intervention is effective in reducing the BMI z-scores with mean difference of -0.3 units (95% CI; -0.4 to -0.2). The results were sustained over 24 months in the included studies. The outcomes from studies reviewed that focused on children below the age of 12 years revealed that the use of the proposed intervention is also effective in reducing the BMI z-scores of this population over 18 months. However, Ells et al. (2018) gave similar conclusions to those by Lloyd et al. (2018) that, intervening factors such as parent-child relationship should be considered when using this intervention in children of this age.
Another randomized controlled study was conducted by Xu et al. (2015) in China to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention program in preventing obesity among primary school students in China. The study utilized results from 1108 students who participated in the research. The outcomes of the research revealed that the use of the intervention led to a decline in the overall BMI mean of the participants (-0.32+- 1.36 in the intervention group vs. -0.29+-1.40 in the control group). The research also revealed that there was an increased likelihood of behavioral and lifestyle change among the students. This was seen in the decrease in the consumption of red meat and frequency of computer use and watching of TV and increased participation in physical activities such as jogging (Xu et al., 2015). The effectiveness of the proposed intervention can also be seen in the studies by Wang et al. (2019) Poeta et al. (2019) and Hu et al. (2017). According to Wang et al. (2019), the intervention results in increased motivation among the school-going children to engage in physical activities and adopt healthy lifestyles. It also results in a significant decline in the new events
associated with overweight and obesity. Consequently, overweight or obese school going children are likely to have normal weight if they adhere to the program interventions in the long-term. There is a high likelihood of the intervention resulting in a decline in the risk and health problems of obesity and overweight among the school going children since it not only results in change in BMI but also weight circumference too. This change reduces the risk of comorbidities such as insulin resistance among them, hence, the benefit (Poeta et al., 2019). Overall, it has been shown that for optimum effectiveness of the intervention, there should be a high focus on the utilization of multicomponent interventions in this program in school environments. The use of multicomponent approach results in more behavioral and lifestyle modifications than single interventions, thereby, enhanced, improved the health outcomes of those with and without obesity (Hu et al., 2017).
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The model of causation that would be utilized in this research is the pie model of causation. The model comprises of sufficient cause of an epidemiological problem and component causes. The relationship between the sufficient and component cause result in the causal pie, which contributes to an observed outcome. Often, the component cause can comprise of multiple sufficient causes. Therefore, the outcome depends on the existence of multiple component causes. The use of the pie model of causation can facilitate the understanding of the issue of obesity among school going children in the US. The model demonstrates that for obesity to occur in the population there must be interplay between factors such as poor eating habits, lack of physical activity ad low level of knowledge among the school-going children (Wensink, Westendorp & Baudisch, 2014). Therefore, the issue can be addressed with the adoption of the interventions that target these complementary and component causes of obesity.
The Impact
The health outcomes that the researcher aims to achieve in this research is to reduce the risk of obesity in children without or overweight children, promote normal weight gain among obese children, and reduce the health problems associated with overweight and obesity. These outcomes will be achieved through the creation of awareness among them on the importance of healthy lifestyles and behaviors. The health impacts of obesity among school going children have been documented extensively in studies. According to Sahoo et al. (2015), obesity among this population increases the risk of diabetes. This is attributed to factors such as the high risk of insulin resistance due to high body mass index. There is also the evidence that obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular problems among children with obesity. Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular problems such as hypertension and arteriosclerosis, which lower their health outcomes. The additional health impacts of the cardiovascular complications include stroke, renal damage, and reduced engagement in physical activities (Ayer et al., 2015). There is also a correlation between specific types of cancers in adulthood with childhood obesity. Cancers such as colorectal cancer has been associated with obesity (Arnold et al., 2016). There is also the aspect of stigmatization in the society among the children with obesity. Often, these children are perceived abnormal due to their bodies, hence, experiencing significant stigma, social isolation, and risk of depression in the society (Sahoo et al., 2015). These health problems associated with obesity also imply that costs incurred in healthcare in a society also increases. Parents have to seek appropriate treatments to promote the health and wellbeing of these children. The government also has to invest its resources in addressing the issue among this population. Therefore, the proposed intervention not only seeks to promote healthy lifestyles among the school-going children but also reduce these social impacts of obesity too. It seeks to create a society where the health needs and concerns of the school-going children are prioritized. It also seeks to empower those at risk to embrace healthy lifestyles, hence, the social impact of the intervention.
Assignment 3: Developing an Intervention and Determining the Impact
Sections 3 and 4 of Major Assessment 7: Using an Epidemiological Approach to Critically Analyze a Population Health Problem
Measures of effect are especially important for quantifying health problems. As a DNP-prepared nurse engaged in advanced practice, understanding how to interpret the statistical data in research studies enables you to better present your own findings as well as to determine appropriate interventions based on the data.
This week, you will begin Assignment 3, Sections 3 and 4 of the Major Assessment 7 paper. For Section 3, you will outline an intervention for your population to address the health problem based on the research literature. As you review the literature, it is essential to critically evaluate each study, including the statistical analysis and outcomes. To further enhance your analysis, select a causal model that applies to your selected population health problem, and consider it in terms of measurement of effect. Utilize this model as you continue to evaluate the literature that supports your proposed intervention (Section 3 of your paper).
Review the Major Assessment Overview. Then, begin developing Section 3 and Section 4, which are due by Day 7 of Week 8:
Section 3: The Intervention
An outline of an intervention you would implement to address the population health problem with your selected population based on the results of the study in Section 2 (Note: If you selected a descriptive study design, you are still required to outline an intervention that might be developed based on future research.)
A review of the literature that supports this intervention
Section 4: The Impact
An explanation of the health outcome you would be seeking and the social impact of solving this issue
You do not need to submit anything this week. Assignment 3 is due by Day 7 of Week 8.
Assignment 3: Developing an Intervention and Determining the Impact
Sections 3 and 4 of Major Assessment 7: Using an Epidemiological Approach to Critically Analyze a Population Health Problem
Assignment 3, begun in Week 7, is due by Day 7 of this week.
To complete:
In 5–6 pages, write the following sections of your paper:
Section 3: The Intervention
An outline of an intervention you would implement to address the population health problem with your selected population based on the results of the study in Section 2 (Note: If you selected a descriptive study design, you are still required to outline an intervention that might be developed based on future research.)
A review of the literature that supports this intervention
Section 4: The Impact
An explanation of the health outcome you would be seeking and the social impact of solving this issue.