Assignment: Applying the Precede-Proceed Model

Assignment: Applying the Precede-Proceed Model

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: Assignment: Applying the Precede-Proceed Model

Title: Assignment: Applying the Precede-Proceed Model

Health and behavior of people are influenced by multiple societal factors at different levels. The perception and thought processes of individuals depend on the societal encounters which define how members of a community address a given health problem such as alcoholism (Fathian et al., 2015). The public health research identifies and addresses factors at the individual, interpersonal as well as community, governmental policies and at cultural levels that play critical role in determining a given health problem for the community. This approach of health promotion relies on multiple programs to address societal problems at different levels in order to promote intervention. Several social ecological conceptualizations exist to address health and behavior pattern of members of a population. Particularly, the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model (PPM) is one of the multilevel planning that address health and behavior affecting a given population (Hlaing, Sullivan & Chaiyawat, 2019). The model focuses on changing the societal factors that affects the quality of health outcomes for a given population. PPM is based on the analysis of various components in the society that contribute to specific health problem for a given population group. However, the manner in which PPM responds to the complex matters in health behavior to influence personal decision making on positive health choices among the affected population remain uncertain.

The subsequent study is based on a health promotion intervention for Hispanic-American populations affected by alcohol abuse. The discussion uses the PRECEDE-PROCEED model to identify the potential factors that predispose the population to alcoholism. The model is also used as a planning tool to recognize useful steps that targets intervention for the selected population. The discussion will also use PPM to address populations affected as well as those who influence the behavior and environmental factors related to alcohol abuse to determine health and behavior of the Latin-Americans.

Description of the Precede-Proceed Model

The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is a considered as a comprehensive structure that is essential in assessing health needs for a given population group. The model helps in designing, implementing as well as evaluating public health programs for the purposes of promoting health for a given population (Hlaing, Sullivan & Chaiyawat, 2019). PRECEDE part of the model involves conducting assessments for several community factors and it includes four phases. Social assessment is the first phase analyzed for a given population. This entails an analysis of social problems and the needs of the target population to identify the desired outcomes.  Epidemiological assessment as the second phase is used to identify the possible health determinants of the selected problem affecting the community to help in setting priorities and goals for intervention.

The third phase entails ecological assessment in which the behavioral and environmental factors that predispose or reinforce a particular lifestyle for the target population is identified. This helps in the implementation of intervention that encourages desired behavior change for the population. In the fourth phase, administrative and policy factors that influence the identified interventions are analyzed to encourage the desired behavioral change for a target population.

On the other hand, the PROCEED part of the model refers to the implementation of the proposed intervention to realize expected outcomes. This part also comprises of four phases and this continue with the stages described above (Hlaing, Sullivan & Chaiyawat, 2019). As such implementation is designated phase five and this refers to the formulation of the design for the intervention. The phases also involves assessing the availability of resources and the final implementation of the proposed program. Phase six of the PROCEED model entails implementation of the program to achieve the desired goals for the target population. Phase seven of the model is referred to as impact evaluation and it involves the analysis of the behavior change for the target population. Outcome evaluation is the final phase of the model and it assess if there is a positive outcome in the proposed change for the target population. Besides, it evaluates if there is a decrease or increase in the prevalence of a given undesirable behavior for a target population (Hlaing, Sullivan & Chaiyawat, 2019). In order to elaborate the concept of PRECEDE-PROCEED model, a behavior related to alcohol abuse among Hispanic-American adults in the Miami-Dade County of the state of Florida will be discussed. The description starts from Phase 2 of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model.

Using the Phase 2

Hispanic population are the largest immigrants and the most rapidly growing groups in the United States of America. The ethnic community makes up about 17% of the entire population in America and they are estimated to comprise of 58 million people (Abraído-Lanza et al., 2016). Studies indicate that the drinking patterns of the Hispanics exceed those from non-Hispanic Whites together with other racial groups in the United States of America. According to the statistics by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1 in every 10 Latinos in America is likely to have an alcohol dependence problem. Besides, 33% of Hispanics are likely to develop recurrent or persistent problems of alcohol abuse when compared to 22.8% of the non-Hispanic Whites (Wallisch et al., 2018). A gender gap exist in the patterns of alcohol abuse among Hispanics. Findings by Cano et al. (2017) indicates that Latin-American men are eight times likely to engage in heavy drinking as compared to the Hispanic women. About 10% of the Hispanics in

America require treatment related to alcohol and substance when compared to 9% of the entire population. Moreover, findings by Abraído-Lanza et al. (2016) indicates that only 9% of the Latin-Americans access treatment on alcohol and substance abuse as opposed to about 10.5% of the general population. The outcomes indicates that Hispanic-American population struggle with the problem of alcohol abuse and this calls for public health interventions to address the prevalence among the population. Unless this problem is addressed, then the prevalence of liver diseases, cardiovascular conditions, diabetes and rates of automobile crash will increase for the population (Mills, Caetano & Vaeth, 2014). As such, understanding the differences in rates of alcoholism for the Hispanic-Americans will help to develop treatment and other intervention strategies to prevent the risk factors associated with the maladaptive behavior.

Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS: Assignment: Applying the Precede-Proceed Model

Hispanics are homogenous populations but embrace heterogeneous culture in the United States of America. The precarious migration status of the Hispanics predispose them to assimilation of cultures not embraced in their native countries. Particularly, the aspect of acculturation have introduced the population to a set of dynamic cultures which have shaped their drinking behavior in a unique way (Erol & Karpyak, 2015). For instance, the populations have adopted the practice of binge alcohol drinking readily practiced by Americans. Besides, a majority of the Hispanic-Americans are relatively young which make them vulnerable to alcohol and substance misuse.

Notably, the American culture is a reinforcing factor as it promotes alcohol drinking which Hispanic immigrants find it hard to embrace during early periods. However, as the Latinos interact with communities from other cultures, they become motivated to develop the habit of binge drinking (Cano et al., 2017). In Miami-Dade for instance, liquor stores are within close proximity for the Hispanic-Americans. Besides, the communities in the County have high rates of alcohol abuse which predispose the immigrants to such habits. Lack of social support programs to benefit the target group against compulsive drinking are considered as enabling factors in contributing to alcoholism among the Hispanic-American populations residing in Miami-Dade County. This has been aggravated by the inadequate number of rehabilitation centers to assist the target population in addressing their sobriety.

Using the Phase 4

The establishment of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is aimed at addressing the rates of alcohol abstinence among the Hispanics in America (Wallisch et al., 2018). The organization assesses the social factors associated with compulsive alcohol use among the Hispanics. SAMHSA addresses the aspects of acculturation by focusing on how Latin-Americans accept the mainstream norms and values related to alcohol abuse. The report provided helps in developing interventions to address alcoholism among the Hispanics.

At the Miami-Dade County, different programs exists to support alcohol abstinence for the Hispanics. These include the establishment of rehabilitation centers where people diagnosed with compulsive drinking are admitted (Abraído-Lanza et al., 2016). Within the centers, social support groups such as the alcoholics’ anonymous (AA) services are availed to assist the target population during the healing process. Therapy options including the use of prescription drugs to detox the affected group is largely embrace as a remedy to relapse.

According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), language barriers alters communication and this impedes efforts to provide interventions to Latin-Americans battling alcoholism (Wallisch et al., 2018). Due to this, Spanish-speaking physicians, addiction specialists and counsellors are used to provide care to alcoholic Hispanics admitted at the rehabilitation centers in Miami-Dade County hospital.

How Phase 5-8 of the Proceed Part Apply to Alcohol abuse among Hispanic-Americans

During these phases of the Proceed model, implementation of the intervention and the evaluation of programs are undertaken. At the initial stage of phase 5, planning is designed based on the needs of the target population as guided by the health topic. This entails assessing the resources needed to achieve the intended outcome of the project. A budget plan is developed to determine the financial resources required in the entire intervention. Physicians, nurses, addiction specialists and counsellors are also recruited to facilitate in the intervention process (Erol & Karpyak, 2015).

In phase 6 of the model, implementation is undertaken. For the case of the Hispanic-Americans battling alcoholism, health education is administered. The intervention focuses on informing the target population about the negative effects of alcohol (Cano et al., 2017). The impacts of alcoholism on liver and heart diseases will be addressed in addition to elaboration on how it is associate with mental health for the target population. The health education is administered by both English and Spanish to ensure that the target population receives the information based on their language competencies (Wallisch et al., 2018). Detox and rehab comprise of interventions implemented to the target population at this phase. The Hispanic-Americans diagnosed with chronic alcohol use will receive detox medications to alleviate craving as a remedy to compulsive use of the drink. Rehabilitation programs will also be organized for the target population to address behavior change which encourages abstinence (Abraído-Lanza et al., 2016). The intervention also ensures that the Hispanics have access to sobriety programs and services within Miami-Dade County. Nonetheless, family support programs are provided to ensure that the target population continue with their sobriety upon discharge from rehabilitation centers. The premise also ensures that Hispanics battling alcoholism receive support as they make adjustments to social life behaviors related to abstinence.

Phase 7 of the Proceed model entails process evaluation. The implementation of the process evaluation includes the analysis of measures on health education, detox administration and rehabilitation programs (Mills, Caetano & Vaeth, 2014). A clustered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) will be organized to assess the implications of the approaches to the target group. The outcomes of the implementation will be monitored at the baseline and at the post-implementation stage followed by a six-month follow-up to assess behavior change (Fathian et al., 2015). The period has been selected as it provides adequate time to monitor the outcome from the use of the aforementioned interventions.

Finally, in phase 8, outcome evaluation of the entire project will be conducted. In this stage, a multilevel structural equation model (MSEM) procedures will be used to determine how the interventions address the social cognitive factors of behavior change (Wallisch et al., 2018). The approach entails the analysis of how the proposed changes improves sobriety and abstinence for the Hispanic-American adults diagnosed with alcohol addiction in Miami-Dade County. Besides, the outcome will be analyzed based on how the implementation methods improved health, mental status and self-esteem as a remedy to alcoholism for the target population.

Summary of Precede-Proceed Model and its implication on Alcoholism among Latin-Americans

The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is an important element to address a social behavior change among a given population group. The model is a structure that can be readily used to support planning and implementation of a given health promotion or specific disease prevention program (Hlaing, Sullivan & Chaiyawat, 2019). The model has been implemented in different setting similar to the proposed program on addressing alcoholism among Latin-American adults in Miami-Dade County (Cano et al., 2017). As elaborated in the preceding discussion, the model invites participation from all players ranging from health providers to family members and other social networks for the target population. Guided by this argument, the Hispanic-Americans battling with alcoholism will develop a sense of ownership of the program to improve achievement of the goals for the project.

Alcohol abuse/alcoholism

Asthma

Bullying and/or gang violence

Cancer Screening (pick one common cancer screening: breast cancer-mammography, colon cancer-colonoscopy, prostate cancer-examination/PSA, or cervical cancer-PAP smear

Climate change

Coronary heart disease

Depression

Diabetes

Drug use/abuse

Falls

Family planning

Hypertension/stroke prevention

Immunizations/vaccinations

Infant or maternal mortality

Influenza

Malaria

Oral health

Physical activity or sedentary lifestyles

Prescription drug overdose

Skin cancer detection and prevention

Suicide

Tobacco cessation-smoking

Violence prevention/domestic violence

For assignments that need to be submitted to Lopes Write, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.

Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.

Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?

Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.

Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.

If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.

I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.

As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.

Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.

Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• Student paper example
• Citing Sources
• The Writing Center is a great resource

 

‘