Sample Answer for NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders Included After Question
In this exercise, you will complete a 5-essay type question Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content.
Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include:
- Ulcers
- Hepatitis markers
- After HP shots
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- Pancreatitis
- Liver failure—acute and chronic
- Gall bladder disease
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Diverticulitis
- Jaundice
- Bilirubin
- Gastrointestinal bleed – upper and lower
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Intra-abdominal infections (e.g., appendicitis)
- Renal blood flow
- Glomerular filtration rate
- Kidney stones
- Infections – urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis
- Acute kidney injury
- Renal failure – acute and chronic
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEKLY RESOURCES
BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 5
Complete the Knowledge Check By Day 7 of Week 5.
A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders
Title: NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders
The scenario depicts patient HL presenting with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. HL has a history of drug abuse and possible Hepatitis C. The patient is currently on Synthroid 100 mcg, Nifedipine 30 mg, and Prednisone 10 mg. Therefore, this paper seeks to discuss the diagnosis and drug therapy for this patient.
Diagnosis
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a likely diagnosis for this patient. Clinical manifestations include fatigue, fever, night sweats, chills, joint pain, muscle pain, pruritus, lymphadenopathy, and spider nevi (Moosavy et al., 2017). GI symptoms include appetite changes, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, jaundice, and indigestion (Moosavy et al., 2017). Pertinent positive findings consistent with HCV infection include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. HCV infection can be attributed to the patient’s history of drug abuse and Hepatitis C (Hojati et al., 2018). However, the symptoms can be associated with the side effects of the medications. Nausea is a side effect of Nifedipine and Prednisone, while diarrhea is a side effect of Synthroid.
Drug Therapy
Drug therapy should eradicate HCV and prevent the progress of HCV infection to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, or liver failure (Nardelli et al., 2017). The drug therapy for the HCV infection diagnosis is Sofosbuvir/Peginterferon/Ribavirin combination for 12 weeks (Chung et al., 2018). The combination has a high treatment response and is recommended for drug abusers because it decreases the risk of self-injection (Hojati et al., 2018). I would recommend the therapy since it has few side effects, which will promote compliance. In addition, I would reduce the dose of current medications, Nifedipine to 10 mg and Prednisone to 5 mg, to minimize the side effects.
Conclusion
The patient has a likely diagnosis of HCV infection based on symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea and a history of drug abuse and Hepatitis C. Sofosbuvir/Peginterferon/Ribavirin combination for 12 weeks would be appropriate since it has a high response for drug abusers and has few side effects.
References
Chung, R. T., Ghany, M. G., Kim, A. Y., Marks, K. M., Naggie, S., Vargas, H. E., Aronsohn, A.I., Bhattacharya, D., Broder, T., Falade-Nwulia, O.O.,& Fontana, R. J. (2018). Hepatitis C guidance 2018 update: AASLD-IDSA recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C virus infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases.
Hojati, S. A., Maserat, E., Ghorbani, M., Safarpour, A., & Fattehi, M. R. (2018). Hepatitis C Treatment in Patients with Drug Addiction Is Effective or Not Effective? Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina), 72(5), 325–329. doi:10.5455/medarh.2018.72.325-329
Moosavy, S. H., Davoodian, P., Nazarnezhad, M. A., Nejatizaheh, A., Eftekhar, E., & Mahboobi, H. (2017). Epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, and outcome of Hepatitis C virus infection. Electronic physician, 9(10), 5646–5656. https://doi.org/10.19082/5646
Nardelli, S., Riggio, O., Rosati, D., Gioia, S., Farcomeni, A., &Ridola, L. (2019). Hepatitis C virus eradication with directly acting antivirals improves health-related quality of life and psychological symptoms. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 25(48), 6928.
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A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders
Title: NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders
In addition to this week’s media, it is highly recommended that you access and view the resources included with the course text, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. Focus on the videos and animations in Chapters 41 and 42 that relate to the hepatobiliary system. Refer to the Learning Resources in Week 1 for registration instructions. If you have already registered, you may access the resources at https://evolve.elsevier.com/
Peptic ulcers occur when there is a break in the mucous lining of the GI tract, and it comes into contact with hydrochloric acid and pepsin. The epithelial cells of the stomach and duodenum secrete mucus in response to irritation of the epithelial lining due to cholinergic stimulation. Ulcers or breaks in the mucosa of the GI tract occur with H. pylori infection, use of NSAIDs, trauma, infection, and physical or psychological stress (Alsinnari et al., 2022). H. pylori is spread by oral to oral, fecal-oral routes. It damages gastric epithelial cells reducing the effectiveness of gastric mucus. NSAIDs interrupt prostaglandin synthesis, which maintains the mucous barrier of the gastric mucosa. PUD can be chronic, with spontaneous remissions and exacerbations associated with trauma, infection, and physical or psychological stress.
References
Alsinnari, Y. M., Alqarni, M. S., Attar, M., Bukhari, Z. M., Almutairi, M., Baabbad, F. M., & Hasosah, M. (2022). Risk factors for recurrence of peptic ulcer disease: A retrospective study in tertiary care referral center. Cureus, 14(2), e22001. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.22001
A Sample Answer 3 For the Assignment: NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders
Title: NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders
Scenario 2: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
A 44-year-old morbidly obese female comes to the clinic complaining of “burning in my chest and a funny taste in my mouth”. The symptoms have been present for years but patient states she had been treating the symptoms with antacid tablets which helped until the last 4 or 5 weeks. She never saw a healthcare provider for that. She says the symptoms get worse at night when she is lying down and has had to sleep with 2 pillows. She says she has started coughing at night which has been interfering with her sleep. She denies palpitations, shortness of breath, or nausea.
PMH-HTN, venous stasis ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, osteoarthritis of knees, morbid obesity (BMI 48 kg/m2)
FH:non contributary
Medications: Lisinopril 10 mg po qd, Bentyl 10 mg po, ibuprofen 800 mg po q 6 hr prn
SH: 20 PPY of smoking, ETOH rarely, denies vaping
Diagnoses: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Question:
- If the client asks what causes GERD how would you explain this as a provider?
Your Answer:
The patient in the case study has GERD. I would inform her that several factors cause GERD. One of the aspects that I will educate her is that GERD is a condition that develops following the ulceration of the mucosal lining that protects the esophagus. One of the causes of the disorder is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, which increases the release of gastric acid. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is characterized by the presence of multiple duodenal or pancreatic tumors that increase gastric acid secretion (Maret-Ouda et al., 2020).
The other cause of GERD that the patient should be aware is the prolonged use of NSAIDs. NSAIDs inhibit the synthesis of protective prostaglandins. They also lower the production of bicarbonates and mucus while increasing the secretion of hydrochloric acid. The other factor is smoking. Smoking suppresses the production of prostaglandins, mucus for protection, and weakens the esophageal sphincter. Increased use of irritants such as coffee and alcohol also play a crucial role (Katz et al., 2022). The irritation acts as a source of stress that degrade the protective mucosa and increase the production of destructive gastric acid.
The other cause is any form of stress. Stressors such as hospitalization and life experiences also act as a source of GERD. Any stressors increase the production of gastric acid. The risk of GERD increases if the patient already has other risk factors for GERD and or peptic ulcer disease. The additional risk factors that should be addressed to prevent GERD include obesity, hiatal hernia, esophageal contractions, prolonged or reduced stomach emptying, and abnormalities of esophageal sphincter (Maret-Ouda et al., 2020).
References
Katz, P. O., Dunbar, K. B., Schnoll-Sussman, F. H., Greer, K. B., Yadlapati, R., &Spechler, S. J. (2022). ACG Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 117(1), 27–56. https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000001538
Maret-Ouda, J., Markar, S. R., & Lagergren, J. (2020). Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Review. JAMA, 324(24), 2536–2547. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.21360Links to an external site.
Lopes Write Policy
For assignments that need to be submitted to Lopes Write, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.
Late Policy
The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.
Communication
Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.
Important information for writing discussion questions and participation
Welcome to class
Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to
I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.
Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.
If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.
Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.
Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.
I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!
Hi Class,
Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.
Contact me if you have any questions.
Important information on Writing a Discussion Question
- Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
- There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
- Include in-text citations in your response
- Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
- Follow APA-7th edition
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor
- A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
- Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
- Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
- Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
- Follow APA 7th edition
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
- Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
- Here are some helpful links
- Student paper example
- Citing Sources
- The Writing Center is a great resource