PHE 3025 Assignment Methods of Sampling Methodology
PHE 3025 Assignment Methods of Sampling Methodology
1.1. Simple random sampling
The simple random sample means that every case of the population has an equal
probability of inclusion in sample. Disadvantages associated with simple random
sampling include (Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2005):
A complete frame ( a list of all units in the whole population) is needed;
In some studies, such as surveys by personal interviews, the costs of obtaining
the sample can be high if the units are geographically widely scattered;
The standard errors of estimators can be high.
1.2. Systematic sampling
Systematic sampling is where every nth case after a random start is selected. For
example, if surveying a sample of consumers, every fifth consumer may be selected from
your sample. The advantage of this sampling technique is its simplicity.
1.3. Stratified random sampling
Stratified sampling is where the population is divided into strata (or subgroups) and a
random sample is taken from each subgroup. A subgroup is a natural set of items.
Subgroups might be based on company size, gender or occupation (to name but a few).
Stratified sampling is often used where there is a great deal of variation within a
population. Its purpose is to ensure that every stratum is adequately represented
(Ackoff, 1953).
1.4. Cluster sampling
Cluster sampling is where the whole population is divided into clusters or groups.
Subsequently, a random sample is taken from these clusters, all of which are used in the
final sample (Wilson, 2010). Cluster sampling is advantageous for those researchers
whose subjects are fragmented over large geographical areas as it saves time and money
(Davis, 2005). The stages to cluster sampling can be summarized as follows: ter grouping for sampling frame, such as type of company or
geographical region
Number each of the clusters
Select sample using random sampling
1.5. Multi-stage sampling
Multi-stage sampling is a process of moving from a broad to a narrow sample, using a
step by step process (Ackoff, 1953). If, for example, a Malaysian publisher of an
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automobile magazine were to conduct a survey, it could simply take a random sample of
automobile owners within the entire Malaysian population. Obviously, this is both
expensive and time consuming.
A cheaper alternative would be to use multi-stage
sampling. In essence, this would involve dividing Malaysia into a number of
geographical regions. Subsequently, some of these regions are chosen at random, and
then subdivisions are made, perhaps based on local authority areas. Next, some of these
are again chosen at random and then divided into smaller areas, such as towns or cities.
The main purpose of multi-stage sampling is to select samples which are concentrated in
a few geographical regions. Once again, this saves time and money.
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Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.
I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!
Hi Class,
Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.
Contact me if you have any questions.
Important information on Writing a Discussion Question
- Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
- There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
- Include in-text citations in your response
- Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
- Follow APA-7th edition
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor
- A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
- Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
- Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
- Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
- Follow APA 7th edition
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
- Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
- Here are some helpful links
- Student paper example
- Citing Sources
- The Writing Center is a great resource