ANTH 101 SDSU Species of Primates Essay

ANTH 101 SDSU Species of Primates Essay

Sample Answer for ANTH 101 SDSU Species of Primates Essay Included After Question

ANTH 101, Introduction to Biological Anthropology, MiraCosta College, W. Dawley Writing Assignments: Part 2 Goals: In this essay, you are practicing several important academic skills: (1) demonstrating that you have understood the material we have covered in class, (2) integrating key concepts from the class and readings into the paper, (3) supporting your statements with evidence, especially examples and citations from the readings and (4) using good paragraph structure. In this essay, each paragraph will follow the same formula (unlike Essay 1, where I specified paragraph-by-paragraph what to include). Please read the instructions and grading rubric below completely and post your questions to Canvas. REQUIREMENTS: Due Dates (NOTE: 3 dates): (#1) The first three paragraphs of the essay will be due by 11:59 pm, Nov. 15 (the Tuesday after the end of Week 4)—the same day the first three paragraphs of the second writing assignment are due. (#2) The full submission will be due Nov. 29 at 11:59 pm (the Tuesday after the end of Week 6). The grading rubric will allow you to see what is required for full credit and help you identify where revisions are required. Please look for announcements on Canvas. (#3) You will return a graded paper from an anonymized student, which is due by 11:59 pm, Dec. 6 (the Tuesday after the end of Week 7). See the requirements below at the bottom of p. 1. Please look for announcements on Canvas, and please see the syllabus for class policies on late assignments. See the requirements below further below on this page. Please look for announcements on Canvas, and please see the syllabus for class policies on late assignments. Required Self-Evaluation (4 points): You must include a “self-evaluation” paragraph after the end of your essay (worth 10 points—see grading rubric). The evaluation describes how well you feel you have followed the instructions and achieved the paper’s goals. Format and Submissions: You must submit your paper (a) over Canvas and (b) only in a Word or Google doc format (as long as I have full access by the due date), but no PDF or other read-only formats. You must use the standard format: double-spaced, in 12-point Times New Roman font, with 1” margins. Required Sources (40 points): You must use and cite all of the following for full credit.  Textbook Chapters: 6 and 7. Textbook citations should be used in every body paragraph.  Readings: Weeks 4-5. ALL the assigned readings AND videos (INCLUDING Hrdy 2014 from Week 9.) Citations (34 points): NOT Author-Date. Instead, give the source number (1-20 in the rubric below) plus the page number or minute number LIKE THIS: (1:56-58) or (9:3) or (11:m2:45) for Ch. 6, Hrdy 2001, and Hrdy 2014. You must include the page or minute number of the source you are citing for full credit. Labeling (up to 17 points of the 34 citation points): You must label each item in the body paragraph as you begin discussing it, using the letter in the rubric below. As an example, in paragraph 2 might read: “(a) Some interesting differences between the bodies of folivores and frugivores include… ” Word Count Requirement (2 points): Include your final word count on the front page, near your name(s). Your paper must be at least 2,500 words in length. Grading Anonymous Paper (8+ points): Eight (8) points of your total grade for this assignment depend upon your grading another, anonymized student paper. Don’t forget: I will respond to your full submission (deadline #2 above) with the anonymized student paper that you need to grade. You are required to note any and all missing requirements from the rubric not found in the paper. NOTE: Each missing requirement you do not note will be subtracted from this portion of your grade for this assignment. The goal is for you to know the material well enough to see when something is missing. Please note the third due date above. Introductory Paragraph & Topic Sentences for Body Paragraphs: Below is the required introductory paragraph, which you should cut-and-paste into your final submission. For this paper, each sentence below, except for the first and last sentences, will become the topic sentence of its own body paragraph, for nine (9) body paragraphs total. Though this example is excessive, the assignment shows that, in a science paper, the abstract usually lays out, in order, the topics to be addressed (often in specific sections about the research problem, methodology, data, conclusions, etc.). All primates show diverse adaptations to their environments—both their physical environments and their social environments—and understanding these adaptions can help us understand human evolution and the flexibility of human cultures. Primates as a whole developed a number of common physical and behavioral traits that we covered in Chapter 6, and there are three (partly overlapping) hypotheses about the selective pressures that selected for these traits. Different species of primates have adapted to different kinds of diets, so that fruit eaters (frugivores) and leaf eaters (folivores) tend to be different in terms of their bodies, brains, and behaviors. The social structure of primate groups is shaped by nine (9) factors covered in Chapter 7 (and in our slides), and the primate social life that emerges in this structure is characterized by four (4) behavioral patterns that are also covered there. Female primates may choose different mating strategies that protect themselves and their infants, including seeking protection and friendship from males, procuring mating from several males, and bonding with other females to reduce male aggression and coercion. Some male primates may commit infanticide and acts of aggression towards females as a reproductive strategy, but male reproductive strategies often also include friendship with females and their infants, aggressive competition with other males, and political alliances with other males to climb the dominance hierarchy in their group. There appear to be evolutionary pressures that select for cooperation and morality among primates and other social animals, so that two principles emerge: (1) the principle of fairness towards those who can cooperate and (2) the principle of empathy towards those who are less able or more in need—and animals appear to react strongly when those principles are violated. These principles appear to be strongest among humans, tamarins, and marmosets, the only primates known to practice “cooperative breeding” (helping to both provision and care for one another’s young)—although cooperative breeding carries its own risks. By comparing gorillas, orangutans, and siamang gibbons, we can see how primate diets and the distribution of food affects reproduction, the size of groups, and the interaction between members of the same species. By comparing chimpanzees and bonobos, we can see how diet and the distribution of food affects social behavior, the way the sexes interact, and the way different groups interact. Studies of nonhuman primates have allowed scientists to better understand the flexibility of primate behavior and the evolution of cooperation in humanity and human culture. Paragraph requirements: CONTENT and EXAMPLES: PLEASE NOTE: To get full credit for a paragraph, you must: (a) address each and every part of the paragraph’s topic sentence (see the grading rubric for a breakdown of what must be included), (b) include one or more specific examples from the readings and films, and (c) use the examples to illustrate each and every part of the topic sentences. To give some examples, Paragraph 6 should begin with the seventh sentence in the introductory paragraph, and for full credit, you must describe and provide at least one example of: (a) the evolutionary pressures that select for cooperation and morality among primates and other social animals, (b) the principle of fairness towards those who can cooperate, (c) the principle of empathy towards those who are not able to cooperate, and (d) how animals appear to react strongly when those principles are violated. Chances are, you will need more than one example to illustrate parts (a-d), and your grade will be lowered if all four parts are not illustrated with the example(s) you provide. Similarly, Paragraph 2 must discuss the general differences between the bodies of folivores and frugivores as well as the differences between their brains and the differences between their behavior, and there must be at least one concrete, specific example (with two primates) showing all three differences. Paragraph 3 must use at least one example (probably two) to describe the differences between primates with different body size, BMIs, diets, distributions, of resources, etc., as well as the primates’ different styles of dominance, communication and grooming, aggression, etc. Paragraph 4 must address each of the 3 reproductive strategies females may use to protect themselves and their infants, as well as one or more concretes example of each strategy being used. Paragraph 8 must compare all three kinds of primates, and it must also gives examples of how their different diets and the distribution of those foods affects reproduction, group size, and conspecific interaction. And so on… See the grading rubric for specific detailed information on the required material, to make sure you’ve addressed each and every part of the topic sentence. ◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦•◦ GRADING RUBRIC Point values: Each missing item (source, part of paragraph, etc.) is worth 2 points. Required citations (20 items/40 points): 1. Chapter 6 2. Chapter 7 3. Milton, Primate diet and evolution 4. Smuts, What are friends for? 5. Sapolsky, Peace among the primates 6. De Waal, The surprising science of alpha males 7. De Waal, Moral behavior in animals 8. Smuts, Apes of wrath 9. Hrdy, Mothers and others 10. Hrdy, How did humans become such self-regarding apes? 11. Hrdy, Born human [from slides] 12. Gorilla behavior [from slides] 13. Orangutan behavior [from bonus] 14. Siamang gibbon behavior 15. Small, What’s love got to do with it?/Bonobo casual sex play 16. Mysteries of kinship 17. De Waal, Bonobo bliss 18. Boesch and Boesch-Achermann, Dim forest bright chimps 19. Caruso, Theory of mind 20. Stetka, Chimp freeloaders and punishment Required citations (17 items/34 points): Paragraph 1: a) traits (must name them) b) arboreal feeding c) visual predation d) flowering/fruiting plants Paragraph 2 a) body differences b) brain differences c) behavioral differences Paragraph 3 a) nine factors shaping social structure:size/bmr/diet/dist/pred/disp/lifhst/actvpd/humans b) four behavioral patterns: dominance/communication/aggression/affiliation&altruism Paragraph 4 a) protect themselves and infants b) seeking protection from males c) procuring matings from 2+ males d) female bonding to reduce male aggression, coercion Paragraph 5 a) infanticide strategy b) acts of aggression as a strategy c) friendship with females and infants as a strategy d) aggressive competition with males as a strategy e) forming political alliances with the group as a strategy Paragraph 6 a) evolutionary pressures that select for cooperation and morality among social animals b) fairness principle towards those who can cooperate c) empathy principle towards those who cannot cooperate d) react strongly when violated Paragraph 7 a) strong w/ cooperative breeders (us, plus tamarins, marmosets, etc.): provision + care young b) risks of cooperative breeding Paragraph 8—compare orangutans, gorillas, siamangs… a) diet b) distribution of food c) reproduction d) size of groups e) how different group members interact Paragraph 9—compare chimps, bonobos… a) diet b) distribution of food c) social behavior d) how sexes interact e) how different groups interact (Some redundancy with first items for extra point possibilities in the paragraphs.) Required formatting (7 items/14 points): 1item for proper formatting 4 items for citations in each body paragraph 1 item for self-evaluation section 1 item for word count Self-Evaluation (content: 2 items/4 points) Grading Anonymous Paper (4 items/8 points) NOTE: Missing labels for the labeled items will result in a 17-point deduction (half credit). See instructions. 50 items/100 points altogether

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: ANTH 101 SDSU Species of Primates Essay

Title: ANTH 101 SDSU Species of Primates Essay

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