HSS 261 Unit 3 Discussion Board

Sample Answer for HSS 261 Unit 3 Discussion Board Included

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: HSS 261 Unit 3 Discussion Board

Title: HSS 261 Unit 3 Discussion Board

The pricing of prescription drugs in the United States is a huge ethical concern because it is immoral to price these critical medications at a cost that many cannot afford. It is true that what is legally permitted is not necessarily ethical. In this case, pricing these drugs and new therapies without ethical considerations about the ability of people to afford them is immoral (Pearl, 2018). The high cost of these drugs will mean that pharmaceutical companies seek their generics to ensure that patients, especially those suffering from orphan diseases, get treatment interventions at affordable price (Pearl, 2019). My concerns from an ethical perspective is that pricing of these drugs negates the need for social responsibility and consideration of an ethical way of providing medical care to vulnerable individuals and allowing them to have access to treatment interventions.

Setting prices for newly developed drugs is critical for companies to make profits and remain competitive in the market. However, the development of new drugs and therapies by organizations should be based on ethics and not being exploitative to the consumers. In this situation, it would be important to consider the overall benefit of the drugs to the consumers while allowing the organization to make modest profits that can cover its costs and expenses based on the research and development (R&D) activities (Mole, 2018). Therefore, it would be ethical to ensure that I set the price based on the need to enhance access to solve health problems that the targeted patients and health populations encounter. Getting a bonus out of making the drug inaccessible due to high prices is not ethical. Further, it may result in the production of generics in the industry which can affect the overall organizational profits in the long-term. As demonstrated by the opinions from the selected articles, it is immoral and unethical to price these drugs beyond the reach of many individual families and patients.

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HSS 261 Unit 3 Discussion Board References

Mole, B. (2018 August 17). Years after Mylan’s epic EpiPen price hikes, it finally gets a generic

rival. https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/08/fda-approves-generic-version-of-mylans-600-epipens-but-the-price-is-tbd/

Pearl, R. (2018 September 24). The Immorality of Prescription Drug Pricing In America.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertpearl/2018/09/24/nostrum/?sh=4faace9b4fb1

Pearl, M. (2019 June 14). The ethics behind the world’s most expensive medication.

https://www.kevinmd.com/2019/06/the-ethics-behind-the-worlds-most-expensive-medication.html

Assignment Description

Primary Response is due by Thursday (11:59:59pm Central), Peer Responses are due by Saturday (11:59:59pm Central).

Primary Response: Within the Discussion Board area, write 200–250 words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas.

For this Discussion Board, please complete the following:

One of the reasons for the rising cost of healthcare in the United States is the cost of prescription drugs. It is a complex problem and

poses many ethical dilemmas for which solutions have yet to be implemented. Pharmaceutical companies set the prices for drugs and negotiate the actual payments with insurers. Insurers do not always cover the full cost of the drugs, leaving even insured patients to pay out-of-pocket for their prescription drugs. Pharmaceutical companies spend a lot of money on developing new medications to help people. The price of the medication must cover the upfront costs of drug discovery, development and testing, and manufacturing. It must also include the cost of the clinical trials required for approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before the medication can be sold.

Read the following 3 articles about the high cost of drugs and how the pharmaceutical industry sets prices:

After reading the articles, answer the following questions:

What may be legally permitted is not necessarily ethical. What are your concerns from an ethical standpoint about the pricing of prescription drugs and the new therapies based on precision medicine discoveries such as the gene therapy described in the first article?
Pharmaceutical companies must make a profit to stay in business, be accountable to their investors, and be able to continue developing new medications. Imagine you are responsible for drug pricing for a pharmaceutical company. The CEO has tasked you with setting a price for a newly developed drug that is profitable for the company and shareholders based on the time and resources that were used for production. If you turn a profit, you will receive a bonus as well. How would you handle the price setting in this situation? Use the resources to justify your decision.

Responses to Other Students: Respond to at least 2 of your fellow classmates with at least a 50–100-word reply about their Primary Response regarding items you found to be compelling and enlightening. To help you with your discussion, please consider the following question:

What differences or similarities do you see between your posting and other classmates’ postings?

For assistance with your assignment, please use your text, Web resources, and all course materials.

HSS 261 Unit 3 Discussion Board Rubric

Expectation	Points Possible	Points Earned	Comments
Application of Learning Material Content: Post demonstrates understanding of Learning Material content.	20
Application of Course Knowledge: Post contributes unique perspectives or insights gleaned from personal experience or examples from discipline.	20
DB Responses: Responds substantively to two posts. Responses encourage interaction in the Discussion Board and classroom community.	20
Organization: Post presents information logically and is clearly relevant to discussion topic.	8
Professional Language: Posts contain accurate grammar, spelling, and punctuation with few or no errors. (APA formatting is not required.)	7
Total Points	75
Total Points Earned

View a downloadable version of the Discussion Board Grading Rubric.

HSS 261 Unit 3 Discussion Board References

Mole, B. (2018, August 17). Years after Mylan’s epic EpiPen price hikes, it finally gets a generic rival. Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/08/fda-approves-generic-version-of-mylans-600-epipens-but-the-price-is-tbd/

Pearl, R. (2018, September 24). The immorality of prescription drug pricing in America. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertpearl/2018/09/24/nostrum/?sh=2cd533374fb1

Pearl, R. (2019, June 24). The ethics behind the world’s most expensive medication. KevinMD.com. https://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2019/06/the-ethics-behind-the-worlds-most-expensive-medication.html

Discussion Board Rubric
Expectation	Points Possible	Points Earned	Comments
Application of Learning Material Content: Post demonstrates understanding of Learning Material content.	20
Application of Course Knowledge: Post contributes unique perspectives or insights gleaned from personal experience or examples from discipline.	20
DB Responses: Responds substantively to two posts. Responses encourage interaction in the discussion board and classroom community.	20
Organization: Post presents information logically and is clearly relevant to discussion topic.	8
Professional Language: Posts contain accurate grammar, spelling, and/or punctuation with few or no errors. (APA formatting is not required.)	7
Total Points	75
Total Points Earned

As we begin this session, I would like to take this opportunity to clarify my expectations for this course:

Please note that GCU Online weeks run from Thursday (Day 1) through Wednesday (Day 7).

Course Room Etiquette:

It is my expectation that all learners will respect the thoughts and ideas presented in the discussions.
All postings should be presented in a respectful, professional manner. Remember – different points of view add richness and depth to the course!

Office Hours:

My office hours vary so feel free to shoot me an email at [email protected] or my office phone is 602.639.6517 and I will get back to you within one business day or as soon as possible.
Phone appointments can be scheduled as well. Send me an email and the best time to call you, along with your phone number to make an appointment.
I welcome all inquiries and questions as we spend this term together. My preference is that everyone utilizes the Questions to Instructor forum. In the event your question is of a personal nature, please feel free to post in the Individual Questions for Instructor forumI will respond to all posts or emails within 24 or sooner.

Late Policy and Grading Policy

Discussion questions:

I do not mark off for late DQ’s.
I would rather you take the time to read the materials and respond to the DQ’s in a scholarly way, demonstrating your understanding of the materials.
I will not accept any DQ submissions after day 7, 11:59 PM (AZ Time) of the week.
Individual written assignments – due by 11:59 PM AZ Time Zone on the due dates indicated for each class deliverable.

Assignments:

Assignments turned in after their specified due dates are subject to a late penalty of -10%, each day late, of the available credit. Please refer to the student academic handbook and GCU policy.
Any activity or assignment submitted after the due date will be subject to GCU’s late policy
Extenuating circumstances may justify exceptions, which are at my sole discretion. If an extenuating circumstance should arise, please contact me privately as soon as possible.
No assignments can be accepted for grading after midnight on the final day of class.
All assignments will be graded in accordance with the Assignment Grading Rubrics

Participation

Participation in each week’s Discussion Board forum accounts for a large percentage of your final grade in this course.
Please review the Course Syllabus for a comprehensive overview of course deliverables and the value associated with each.
It is my expectation that each of you will substantially contribute to the course discussion forums and respond to the posts of at least three other learners.
A substantive post should be at least 200 words. Responses such as “great posts” or “I agree” do notmeet the active engagement expectation.
Please feel free to draw on personal examples as you develop your responses to the Discussion Questions but you do need to demonstrate your understanding of the materials.
I do expect outside sources as well as class materials to formulate your post.
APA format is not necessary for DQ responses, but I do expect a proper citation for references.
Please use peer-related journals found through the GCU library and/or class materials to formulate your answers. Do not try to “Google” DQ’s as I am looking for class materials and examples from the weekly materials.
I will not accept responses that are from Wikipedia, Business com, or other popular business websites. You will not receive credit for generic web searches – this does not demonstrate graduate-level research.
Stay away from the use of personal pronouns when writing.As a graduate student, you are expected to write based on research and gathering of facts. Demonstrating your understanding of the materials is what you will be graded on. You will be marked down for lack of evidence to support your ideas.

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the act of claiming credit for another’s work, accomplishments, or ideas without appropriate acknowledgment of the source of the information by including in-text citations and references.
This course requires the utilization of APA format for all course deliverables as noted in the course syllabus.
Whether this happens deliberately or inadvertently, whenever plagiarism has occurred, you have committed a Code of Conduct violation.
Please review your LopesWrite report prior to final submission.
Every act of plagiarism, no matter the severity, must be reported to the GCU administration (this includes your DQ’s, posts to your peers, and your papers).

Plagiarism includes:

Representing the ideas, expressions, or materials of another without due credit.
Paraphrasing or condensing ideas from another person’s work without proper citation and referencing.
Failing to document direct quotations without proper citation and referencing.
Depending upon the amount, severity, and frequency of the plagiarism that is committed, students may receive in-class penalties that range from coaching (for a minor omission), -20% grade penalties for resubmission, or zero credit for a specific assignment. University-level penalties may also occur, including suspension or even expulsion from the University.
If you are at all uncertain about what constitutes plagiarism, you should review the resources available in the Student Success Center. Also, please review the University’s policies about plagiarism which are covered in more detail in the GCU Catalog and the Student Handbook.
We will be utilizing the GCU APA Style Guide 7th edition located in the Student Success Center > The Writing Center for all course deliverables.

LopesWrite

All course assignments must be uploaded to the specific Module Assignment Drop Box, and also submitted to LopesWrite every week.
Please ensure that your assignment is uploaded to both locations under the Assignments DropBox. Detailed instructions for using LopesWrite are located in the Student Success Center.

Assignment Submissions

Please note that Microsoft Office is the software requirement at GCU.
I can open Word files or any file that is saved with a .rtf (Rich Text Format) extension. I am unable to open .wps files.
If you are using a “.wps” word processor, please save your files using the .rtf extension that is available from the drop-down box before uploading your files to the Assignment Drop Box.

Grade of Incomplete

The final grade of Incomplete is granted at the discretion of the instructor; however, students must meet certain specific criteria before this grade accommodation is even possible to consider.
The grade of Incomplete is reserved for times when students experience a serious extenuating circumstance or a crisis during the last week of class which prevents the completion of course requirements before the close of the grading period. Students also must pass the course at the time the request is made.
Please contact me personally if you are having difficulties in meeting course requirements or class deadlines during our time together. In addition, if you are experiencing personal challenges or difficulties, it is best to contact the Academic Counselor so that you can discuss the options that might be available to you, as well as each option’s academic and financial repercussions.

Grade Disputes

If you have any questions about a grade you have earned on an individual assignment or activity, please get in touch with mepersonally for further clarification.
While I have made every attempt to grade you fairly, on occasion a misunderstanding may occur, so please allow me the opportunity to learn your perspective if you believe this has occurred. Together, we should be able to resolve grading issues on individual assignments.
However, after we have discussed individual assignments’ point scores, if you still believe that the final grade you have earned at the end of the course is not commensurate with the quality of work you produced for this class, there is a formal Grade Grievance procedurewhich is outlined in the GCU Catalog and Student Handbook.